Resumo O objetivo neste estudo foi verificar o efeito de tratamentos de superfície da cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio reforçada com zircônia fixada ao cimento resinoso. Os blocos cerâmicos foram separados de acordo com os tratamentos (n=10): AF+SRX (ácido fluorídrico + silano), AF+MDP (ácido fluorídrico + MDP), AF+SCF+MDP (ácido fluorídrico + silano + MDP), AF+MEP (Ácido fluorídrico + MEP) e MEP (Primer auto condicionante). Cilindros de cimento resinoso foram confeccionados em cada bloco cerâmico, foto ativados com 1.200 mW/cm² por 40 segundos, armazenados em água a 37°C por 24 horas e avaliados pelo teste de resistência ao micro cisalhamento, falha por análise descritiva em microscopia óptica (%), caracterização da superfície por imagens MEV e ângulo de contato (Goniômetro). Outras amostras foram submetidas a 10.000 ciclos térmicos (5° e 55°C). Os dados de resistência de união foram submetidos a ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey (5%). Ângulo de contato com ANOVA um fator e teste de Games-Howell (5%). Em 24 horas, MEP apresentou maior resistência de união e AF+S a menor. AF+MDP e AF+SCF+MDP apresentaram valores similares e AF+MEP foi intermediário. Após a ciclagem térmica, AF+SCF+MDP, AF+MEP e MEP apresentaram valores maiores e AF+SRX o menor enquanto AF+MDP foi intermediário. Quando comparados os períodos, AF+MDP, AF+SCF+MDP, AF+MEP e MEP apresentaram valores maiores em 24 horas enquanto AF+SRX foi similar. MEV mostrou superfície mais retentiva e exposição de cristais quando tratada com AF+SCF+MDP. A superfície menos retentiva foi obtida com MEP, e os demais tratamentos promoveram irregularidades de superfície intermediárias. Conclui-se que o tratamento superficial e a termociclagem promoveram diferentes valores de resistência adesiva e ângulo de contato em cerâmica de silicato de lítio reforçada com zircônia. As falhas foram predominantemente adesivas, e a superfície cerâmica foi caracterizada com diferentes níveis de rugosidade e exposição seletiva de cristais. n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10) AFSRX AF SRX ácido silano, , silano) AFMDP MDP MDP, MDP) AFSCFMDP SCF AFMEP Ácido Primer condicionante. condicionante . condicionante) cerâmico 1200 1 200 1.20 mWcm² mWcm mW cm² cm mW/cm 4 segundos 37C C 37 2 cisalhamento %, % (%) Goniômetro. Goniômetro (Goniômetro) 10000 000 10.00 5° 5 (5 55°C. 55C 55°C 55 55°C) 5%. 5% (5%) GamesHowell Games Howell AFS S intermediário térmica períodos similar intermediárias Concluise Conclui se adesivas n=1 n1 (n=10 120 20 1.2 3 (% (Goniômetro 1000 00 10.0 ( (5% n= (n=1 12 1. 100 0 10. (n= (n

Abstract This study verified the effect of surface treatments of the zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate ceramic bonded to resin cement. Ceramic blocks were divided according to treatments (n=10): FA+SRX (Fluoric acid + silane RX), FA+MDP (Fluoric acid + MDP), FA+SCF+MDP (Fluoric acid + silane CF + MDP), FA+MEP (Fluoric acid + MEP), and MEP (Self-etch primer). Resin cement cylinders were made in the ceramic blocks, photoactivated with 1,200 mW/cm² for 40s, stored in water at 37°C for 24h, and evaluated by the microshear strength test, optical failure descriptive analysis (%), surface characterization (SEM) and contact angle (Goniometer). Other samples were submitted to 10,000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C. Bond strength data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Contact angle to one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell's test (5%). At 24h, MEP showed higher bond strength, and FA+SRX the lower. FA+MDP and FA+SCF+MDP showed similar values and FA+MEP was intermediate. After thermocycling, FA+SCF+MDP, FA+MEP, and MEP showed higher values, and FA+SRX the lower while FA+MDP was intermediate. When the periods were compared, FA+MDP, FA+SCF+MDP, FA+MEP, and MEP showed higher values for 24h while FA+SRX was similar. SEM showed retentive surface and crystal exposure when treated with FA+SCF+MDP. The less retentive surface was obtained with MEP, and the other treatments promoted intermediate irregularities. In conclusion, surface treatment and thermocycling promoted different values of adhesive strength and contact angle in a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. Failures were predominantly adhesive, and the ceramic surface was characterized by different levels of roughness and selective exposure of crystals. zirconiareinforced zirconia reinforced n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10) FASRX FA SRX Fluoric RX, RX , RX) FAMDP MDP MDP, MDP) FASCFMDP SCF FAMEP MEP) Selfetch Self etch primer. primer . primer) 1200 1 200 1,20 mWcm² mWcm mW cm² cm mW/cm 40s s 37C C 37 h %, % (%) (SEM Goniometer. Goniometer (Goniometer) 10000 000 10,00 5C 5 55C 55 55°C twoway two way Tukeys Tukey oneway one GamesHowells Games Howell 5%. 5% (5%) compared irregularities conclusion crystals n=1 n1 (n=10 120 20 1,2 3 (% (Goniometer 1000 00 10,0 (5% n= (n=1 12 2 1, ( 100 0 10, (5 (n= (n

Resumo: Este estudo investigou a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento (RUµC) de dois (2) agentes de cimentação de resina dual (RelyX™ Ultimate e RelyX™ U200) quando fotoativados através de diferentes espessuras de dissilicato de lítio, com ou sem ciclagem térmica. Discos do IPS e.max Press de 0,5, 1,5 e 2 mm de espessura foram obtidos. Moldes de elastômero (3,0 mm de espessura) com quatro orifícios cilíndricos de 1,0 mm de diâmetro foram colocados sobre as superfícies cerâmicas e preenchidos com agentes de cimentação de resina. Uma tira Mylar, placa de vidro e carga de 250 gramas foram colocadas sobre o molde preenchido. A carga foi removida e os agentes de cimentação resinosos foram fotoativados através da cerâmica usando um LED de pico-único (Radii Plus). Todas as amostras foram armazenadas em água deionizada a 37oC por 24 h. Metade das amostras foi submetida a ciclagem térmica (3.000 ciclos; 5ºC e 55ºC). Todas as amostras foram então submetidas ao teste de RUµC usando uma máquina de teste universal (Instron 4411) com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância três fatores e ao teste post-hoc de Tukey (α = 0,05). A média de RUµC em 24 h foi significativamente maior do que após a ciclagem térmica (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre os cimentos resinosos (p > 0,05). As médias de RUµC para grupos fotoativados através de cerâmica de 0,5 mm foram significativamente maiores do que 1,5 mm e 2,0 mm (p < 0,05). Em conclusão, o aumento da espessura da cerâmica reduziu a resistência de união dos agentes de cimentação resinosos ao dissilicato de lítio. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os agentes de cimentação resinosos. A ciclagem térmica reduziu a resistência de união de ambos os agentes de cimentação resinosos. Resumo (RUµC (2 RelyX (RelyX U200 U lítio emax max 05 0 5 15 1 1, obtidos 3,0 30 3 (3, 10 Mylar 25 preenchido picoúnico pico único Radii Plus. Plus . Plus) oC 3.000 3000 000 (3.00 ciclos ºC 55ºC. 55ºC 55ºC) Instron 4411 0, mmmin min mm/min posthoc post hoc α 0,05. 005 0,05 0,05) p 20 2, conclusão ( U20 3, (3 3.00 300 00 (3.0 441 0,0 U2 3.0 (3. 44 3. 4

Abstract This study investigated microshear bond strength (µSBS) of two (2) dual-cured resin-luting agents (RelyX™ Ultimate and RelyX™ U200) when photoactivated through varying thicknesses of lithium disilicate, with or without thermal cycling. Discs of IPS e.max Press of 0.5, 1.5, and 2 mm in thickness were obtained. Elastomer molds (3.0 mm in thickness) with four cylinder-shaped orifices 1.0 mm in diameter, were placed onto the ceramic surfaces and filled with resin-luting agents. A Mylar strip, glass plate, and load of 250 grams were placed over the filled mold. The load was removed and the resin-luting agents were photoactivated through the ceramics using a single-peak LED (Radii Plus.) All samples were stored in distilled water at 37oC for 24 h. Half of the samples were subjected to thermal cycling (3,000 cycles; 5ºC and 55ºC). All samples were then submitted to µSBS test using a universal testing machine (Instron 4411) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were submitted to three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α=0.05). The mean µSBS at 24 h was significantly higher than after thermal cycling (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found between resin-luting agents (p > 0.05). The mean µSBS for groups photoactivated through 0.5 mm ceramic were significantly higher than 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increased ceramic thicknesses reduced the bond strength of tested resin-luting agents to lithium disilicate. No differences were found between resin-luting agents. Thermal cycling reduced the bond strength of both resin-luting agents. (µSBS (2 dualcured dual cured resinluting resin luting RelyX (RelyX U200 U disilicate emax e max 05 0 5 15 1 obtained 3.0 30 3 (3. cylindershaped cylinder shaped 10 1. diameter strip plate 25 mold singlepeak single peak Radii Plus. Plus oC 3,000 3000 000 (3,00 cycles ºC 55ºC. 55ºC . 55ºC) Instron 4411 0. mmmin min mm/min threeway three way posthoc post hoc α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) 0.05. 005 0.05 0.05) 20 2. conclusion ( U20 3. (3 3,00 300 00 (3,0 441 α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 0.0 U2 3,0 (3, 44 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 3, 4 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α

Resumo Este estudo verificou o efeito da combinação ácido fluorídrico pré-aquecido/silano/corrente elétrica na adesão do cimento resinoso à cerâmica. Os discos cerâmicos IPS E.max Press embutidos em tubos rígidos de PVC foram separados em quatro grupos associando ácido fluorídrico pré-aquecido e silano aplicado com corrente elétrica (n=10): Ha+S (ácido aquecido + silano); Ha+S+Ec (Ácido aquecido + silano + corrente elétrica); A+S (Ácido + silano) e A+S+EC (Ácido + silano + corrente elétrica). Amostras de cimento resinoso/cerâmica foram armazenadas em água a 37°C por 24 horas. Após o armazenamento foram submetidas ao ensaio de micro cisalhamento, análise de fratura e ângulo de contato no período de 24 horas ou após termociclagem (10.000 ciclos/5-55ºC). Os dados de resistência de união foram avaliados por ANOVA dois fatores. Para comparação entre os tempos de avaliação (24 horas ou termociclagem) foi aplicado o teste t não pareado. Foi assumida significância de 5% para análises e gráficos (software GraphPad Prism 9.0). Em 24 horas, a resistência ao micro cisalhamento apresentou valores similares entre os grupos Ha+S, Ha+S+Ec e A+S+Ec, enquanto A+S apresentou menor valor com diferença estatística. Após a termociclagem, Ha+S e Ha+S+Ec foram similares, assim como A+S e A+S+Ec. Houve diferença significativa em todos os grupos comparando 24 horas (maior valor) com após termociclagem (menor valor). A fratura adesiva foi predominante em todos os grupos e tempos de avaliação. Os grupos Ha+S e A+S apresentaram maiores valores de ângulos de contato comparados aos grupos Ha+S+Ec e A+S+Ec com valores menores. Em conclusão, a associação ácido fluorídrico pré-aquecido/silano aplicado com corrente elétrica promoveu diferentes valores de resistência ao micro cisalhamento, tipos de fratura e ângulos de contato na adesão do cimento resinoso à cerâmica. préaquecido/silano/corrente préaquecidosilanocorrente pré aquecido/silano/corrente cerâmica Emax E max préaquecido n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10) HaS Ha S HaSEc Ec Ácido elétrica) AS ASEC EC elétrica. . resinosocerâmica 37C C 37 2 10.000 10000 000 (10.00 ciclos/555ºC. ciclos555ºC ciclosºC ciclos/5 55ºC ciclos 5 ºC ciclos/5-55ºC) fatores (2 pareado software 9.0. 90 9.0 9 0 9.0) ASEc estatística maior valor. menores conclusão préaquecido/silano préaquecidosilano aquecido/silano aquecidosilanocorrente n=1 n1 1 (n=10 3 10.00 1000 00 (10.0 555ºC ciclos/555ºC ciclos5 ciclos/ ciclos/5-55ºC ( 9. aquecidosilano n= (n=1 10.0 100 (10. (n= 10. (10 (n (1

Abstract This study verified the effect of the combination of preheated hydrofluoric acid/silane/electric current in the adhesion of the resin cement to ceramic. IPS E.max Press ceramic discs embedded in PVC rigid tubes were divided into four groups associating preheated hydrofluoric acid and silane applied with electrical current (n=10): Ha+S (Heated acid + silane); Ha+S+Ec (Heated acid + silane + electrical current); A+S (Acid + silane) and A+S+Ec (Acid + silano + electrical current). Resin cement/ceramic samples were stored in water at 37°C for 24h. After storage, they were submitted to the microshear test, fracture analysis, and contact angle at 24h or after thermocycling (10,000 cycles/5-55ºC). Bond strength data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA. For comparison between evaluation times (24h or thermocycling) was applied unpaired t-test. A significance post-hoc test of p=0.05 was assumed for analyses and graphs (GraphPad Prism 9.0 software). At 24h, the microshear strength showed similar values between Ha+S, Ha+S+Ec, and A+S+Ec groups, while A+S showed the lowest value with a statistical difference. After thermocycling, Ha+S and Ha+S+Ec were similar, as well as A+S and A+S+Ec. There was a significant difference in all groups comparing 24h (highest value) with after thermocycling (lowest value). Adhesive fracture was predominant in all groups and evaluation times. Ha+S and A+S groups showed higher contact angle values compared to the Ha+S+Ec and A+S+Ec with lower values. In conclusion, the association of preheated hydrofluoric acid/silane applied or not with electric current promoted different microshear strength values, fracture types, and contact angles in the resin cement/ceramic bond. acidsilaneelectric Emax E max n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10) HaS Ha S Heated HaSEc Ec current) AS Acid ASEc current. . cementceramic 37C C 37 h storage analysis 10,000 10000 000 (10,00 cycles/555ºC. cycles555ºC cyclesºC cycles/5 55ºC cycles 5 ºC cycles/5-55ºC) twoway two way ANOVA ttest. ttest t test. t-test posthoc post hoc p005 p 0 05 p=0.0 GraphPad 90 9 9. software. software software) highest value. conclusion acidsilane types bond n=1 n1 1 (n=10 3 10,00 1000 00 (10,0 555ºC cycles/555ºC cycles5 cycles/ cycles/5-55ºC p00 p=0. n= (n=1 10,0 100 (10, p0 p=0 (n= 10, (10 p= (n (1 (

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência da concentração do ácido fluorídrico (AF) e da ciclagem térmica na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento (RUµC) de um cimento resinoso para IPS e.max® CAD e Rosetta® SM. Espécimes cerâmicos (12,0 x 14,0 x 1,5mm) foram divididos em 8 grupos (n=10) de acordo com concentração do HF, marca comercial e envelhecimento. Imediatamente após o polimento e condicionamento ácido, todos os espécimes foram silanizados e uma camada de adesivo foi aplicada. Um molde PVS de 3 mm de espessura e 10 mm de diâmetro com (quatro) orifícios de 1,0 mm foi confeccionado, colocado em cada espécime e preenchido com o cimento resinoso. Metade dos espécimes foi submetida ao teste RUµC na Instron a velocidade de 1,0 mm/min, após 24 horas de armazenamento em água deionizada a 37ºC. Os espécimes restantes foram submetidos a ciclagem térmica (5ºC-55ºC, 30 segundos por banho) e a RUµC. Os dados foram avaliados por ANOVA de três fatores e ao teste post-hoc de Tukey (α=0,05). Diferenças significativas foram encontradas para concentração de HF e envelhecimento (p<0,0001). Nenhuma diferença significativa na RUµC foi encontrada para cada marca comercial (p=0,085). A interação entre marca comercial e a concentração do HF (p=0,358), marca comercial e envelhecimento (p=0,135) e concentração do HF e envelhecimento (p=0,138) não foram estatisticamente significativas. A tripla interação entre esses fatores não foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,610). Concluindo, a resistência de união é afetada pela concentração de HF. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre as duas cerâmicas. A ciclagem térmica reduziu significativamente a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento. AF (AF (RUµC emax max e.max Rosetta SM 12,0 120 12 0 (12, 140 14 14, 1,5mm 15mm 1 5mm n=10 n10 n (n=10 aplicada quatro (quatro 1, confeccionado mmmin min mm/min 2 37ºC ºC 5ºC55ºC, 5ºC55ºC ºCºC 5ºC 55ºC, 55ºC (5ºC-55ºC banho posthoc post hoc α=0,05. α005 α α=0,05 . 05 (α=0,05) p<0,0001. p00001 p p<0,0001 0001 (p<0,0001) p=0,085. p0085 p=0,085 085 (p=0,085) p=0,358, p0358 p=0,358 , 358 (p=0,358) p=0,135 p0135 135 (p=0,135 p=0,138 p0138 138 (p=0,138 p=0,610. p0610 p=0,610 610 (p=0,610) Concluindo cerâmicas 12, (12 n=1 n1 (n=1 α00 α=0,0 (α=0,05 p0000 p<0,000 000 (p<0,0001 p008 p=0,08 08 (p=0,085 p035 p=0,35 35 (p=0,358 p=0,13 p013 13 (p=0,13 p061 p=0,61 61 (p=0,610 (1 n= (n= α0 α=0, (α=0,0 p000 p<0,00 00 (p<0,000 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,08 p03 p=0,3 (p=0,35 p=0,1 p01 (p=0,1 p06 p=0,6 6 (p=0,61 ( (n α=0 (α=0, p<0,0 (p<0,00 p0 p=0, (p=0,0 (p=0,3 (p=0, (p=0,6 α= (α=0 p<0, (p<0,0 p=0 (p=0 (α= p<0 (p<0, p= (p= (α p< (p<0 (p (p<

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration and thermal cycling on the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of a resin luting agent to IPS e.max® CAD and Rosetta® SM. Ceramic specimens (12.0 x 14.0 x 1.5mm) were randomized into 8 groups (n=10) according to HF concentration, commercial brand, and aging. Immediately after polishing, and etching, all specimens were silanized and a layer of adhesive was applied. A PVS mold of 3 mm thickness and 10mm diameter with (four) 1.0mm holes was fabricated, placed on each specimen, and then filled with a resin luting agent. Half of the specimens were subjected to the µSBS test using an Instron at a speed of 1.0 mm/min, following a 24-hour storage in deionized water at 37ºC. The remaining specimens were subjected to thermal cycling (5ºC-55ºC, 30 seconds per bath) and µSBS. The data were evaluated utilizing a three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α=0.05). Significant differences were found for HF concentration and aging (p<0.0001). No significant difference in µSBS was found for commercial brands (p=0.085). The interaction between brand and HF concentration (p=0.358), brand and aging (p=0.135), and HF concentration and aging (p=0.138) were not statistically significant. The triple interaction among these factors was not statistically significant (p=0.610). In conclusion, the bond strength is affected by the HF concentration. No statistical difference was observed between the two ceramics. Thermal cycling significantly reduced µSBS. (HF (µSBS emax e max e.max Rosetta SM 12.0 120 12 0 (12. 140 14 14. 1.5mm 15mm 1 5mm n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 polishing etching applied four (four 0mm fabricated specimen 1. mmmin min mm/min 24hour hour 24 37ºC ºC 5ºC55ºC, 5ºC55ºC ºCºC 5ºC 55ºC, 55ºC (5ºC-55ºC bath threeway three way Tukeys Tukey s posthoc post hoc α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 . 05 (α=0.05) p<0.0001. p00001 p p<0.0001 0001 (p<0.0001) p=0.085. p0085 p=0.085 085 (p=0.085) p=0.358, p0358 p=0.358 , 358 (p=0.358) p=0.135, p0135 p=0.135 135 (p=0.135) p=0.138 p0138 138 (p=0.138 p=0.610. p0610 p=0.610 610 (p=0.610) conclusion ceramics 12. (12 n=1 n1 (n=1 2 α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p0000 p<0.000 000 (p<0.0001 p008 p=0.08 08 (p=0.085 p035 p=0.35 35 (p=0.358 p013 p=0.13 13 (p=0.135 (p=0.13 p061 p=0.61 61 (p=0.610 (1 n= (n= α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.000 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.08 p03 p=0.3 (p=0.35 p01 p=0.1 (p=0.1 p06 p=0.6 6 (p=0.61 ( (n α=0 (α=0. p<0.0 (p<0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (p=0.3 (p=0. (p=0.6 α= (α=0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0 (p=0 (α= p<0 (p<0. p= (p= (α p< (p<0 (p (p<

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding arginine at different concentrations to commercial and experimental orthodontic resins on shear bond strength (SBS), as well as on the antimicrobial activity of arginine against S. mutans. Metal brackets were bonded onto the surface of 120 bovine incisors using Transbond, OrthoCem, and an experimental resin (ER), adding 0, 2.5, 5, and 7 wt.% of arginine. The SBS test was performed in deionized water at 37 ºC for 24 h, at 0.5 mm/min. SBS test results were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). CFU/mL data (antimicrobial assessment) were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests (α = 0.05). No statistical difference between the resins was observed in untreated groups (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine at 2.5% (27.7 MPa) and 5% (29.0 MPa) increased the SBS of Transbond when compared (p < 0.05) to OrthoCem (18.5 and 15.6 MPa, respectively) and ER (16.3 and 18.1 MPa, respectively). Arginine at 7% improved the SBS of Transbond (24.1 MPa) and ER (21.0 MPa), which was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than OrthoCem (12.6 MPa). OrthoCem did not show a statistically significant difference at the three concentrations of arginine (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine to resins reduced the count of S. mutans (p < 0.05). As for ER, all concentrations of arginine significantly decreased CFU/mL (p < 0.05). Among commercial resins, only 7% of arginine significantly reduced CFU/mL. The addition of arginine did not interfere with the bond strength and demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. mutans. SBS, , (SBS) S 12 (ER) 0 25 2 5 2.5 wt wt. 3 h 05 0. mmmin mm min mm/min twoway two way Tukeys Tukey s α 0.05. 005 0.05 . CFUmL CFU mL assessment KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis Dunns Dunn p 27.7 277 27 (27. MPa 29.0 290 29 (29. 18.5 185 18 (18. 156 15 6 15. respectively 16.3 163 16 (16. 181 1 18. respectively. 24.1 241 (24. 21.0 210 21 (21. 12.6 126 (12. MPa. (SBS (ER 2. 00 0.0 27. (27 29. (29 (18 16. (16 24. (24 21. (21 12. (12 (2 (1 (

Abstract Objective this study sought to evaluate the effect of isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) as a diluent monomer on the physicochemical properties of experimental flowable resin composites. Methodology the organic resin matrix of a modal flowable resin composite was formulated with 50 wt.% of bisphenol-A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and 50 wt.% of a diluent monomer, in which IBOMA was used as a combining or substituent diluent monomer to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The resin matrices were filled with 55 wt.% particles, of which 10 wt.% was 0.05-μm fumed silica, and 45 wt.% was 0.7-μm BaBSiO2 glass. Polymerization shrinkage stress (PSS; n=10), degree of conversion (DC; n=3), maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax; n=3), film thickness (FT; n=10), sorption (Wsp; n=10), solubility (Wsl; n=10), flexural strength (FS; n=10), flexural modulus (FM; n=10), Knoop microhardness (KH; n=10), and microhardness reduction after chemical softening (HR; n=10) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (α=0.05; β=0.2). Results the results showed that the substitution or addition of IBOMA reduced FT (p=0.001), PSS (p=0.013), Rpmax (p=0.001), DC (p=0.001), FM (p=0.006) Wsp (p=0.032), and Wsl (p=0.021). However, when used as a complete substituent, IBOMA demonstrated significantly lower FS (p=0.017) and KH (p=0.008), while TEGDMA demonstrated significantly lower HR (p=0.022). Conclusion the flowable composite containing IBOMA combined with TEGDMA showed no effect in KH and FS and effectively reduced the PSS, RP, FT, Wsp, and Wsl. However, it showed a reduction in DC, FS, and an increase in HR. (IBOMA composites 5 wt wt. bisphenolAglycidyl bisphenol A glycidyl BisGMA Bis GMA (Bis-GMA TEGDMA. . (TEGDMA) particles 1 0.05μm 005μm μm 0.05 0 05 silica 4 0.7μm 07μm 0.7 7 BaBSiO glass (PSS n=10, n10 n n=10 , (DC n=3, n3 n=3 3 n=3) (Rpmax (FT (Wsp (Wsl (FS (FM (KH (HR evaluated oneway one way ANOVA Tukeys Tukey s α=0.05 α005 α (α=0.05 β=0.2. β02 β β=0.2 2 β=0.2) p=0.001, p0001 p p=0.001 001 (p=0.001) p=0.013, p0013 p=0.013 013 (p=0.013) p=0.006 p0006 006 (p=0.006 p=0.032, p0032 p=0.032 032 (p=0.032) p=0.021. p0021 p=0.021 021 (p=0.021) However p=0.017 p0017 017 (p=0.017 p=0.008, p0008 p=0.008 008 (p=0.008) p=0.022. p0022 p=0.022 022 (p=0.022) RP (TEGDMA 05μm 005 0.0 7μm 07 0. n1 n=1 n= α=0.0 α00 (α=0.0 β0 β=0. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.001 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.013 (p=0.00 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.032 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.021 (p=0.01 (p=0.008 (p=0.022 α=0. α0 (α=0. β=0 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.0 (p=0.03 (p=0.02 α=0 (α=0 β= p0 p=0. (p=0. α= (α= p=0 (p=0 (α p= (p= (p

Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify the force exerted by tandem archwires in a specific system of passive self-ligating bracket. Forty-eight thermo-activated nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires were separated into four groups (n = 12): G1 – two .014” + .014” round archwires; G2 – two .014” + .016” round archwires; G3 – .014” x .025” rectangular archwire; and. G4 – .016” x .022” rectangular archwire. Brackets were fixed onto teeth 1.5 to 2.5 using a device that represented the upper teeth, maintaining an interbracket distance of 6.0 mm. The deflection tests were performed using the structure representative of tooth 1.1 as support on the Instron testing machine at a speed of 2.0 mm/min. The archwires were evaluated at deflections of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm. The data were analyzed by a generalized linear model, considering values at different deflections as repeated measurements in the same experimental unit (α = 0.5%). At 0.5 mm, higher forces were observed in G2 and G3, which did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The lowest force was observed in G4 (p < 0.05). At 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm, the highest force was observed in G3, followed by G4 and G2 (p < 0.05). The lowest force was observed in G1 (p < 0.05). In general, tandem archwires (same or different calibers) in a specific passive self-ligating bracket exerted lower force when compared with rectangular archwires. selfligating self ligating Fortyeight Forty eight thermoactivated thermo activated nickeltitanium nickel titanium n 12 12) G .014 014 .016 016 .025 025 archwire .022 022 15 1 5 1. 25 2 2. 60 6 0 6. 11 20 mmmin min mm/min 05 0. 10 model α 0.5%. 0.5% . 0.5%) p 0.05. 005 0.05 0.05) general calibers .01 01 .02 02 00 0.0 .0

Resumo Foi desenvolvido um novo dispositivo para permitir a visualização e medição da angulação canina ao mesmo tempo que se visualiza e mede a força transmitida aos dentes adjacentes. Este estudo avaliou o ângulo de inclinação mesiodistal dos braquetes caninos superiores, a deflexão do fio, e os seus efeitos nos dentes adjacentes com cinco diferentes desenhos de ranhuras dos caninos superiores. Os fios (0,020" e 0,019" x 0,025") foram testados em cinco diferentes tipos de braquetes e ângulos distais. A força aplicada aos dentes adjacentes foi medida a medida que o ângulo era aumentado, e as suas consequências foram observadas também nas regiões posterior e anterior. A tensão da força (gf) foi medida em uma máquina de ensaio universal (Instron). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA 3 fatores e Tukey (α=0,05). Para ambos os arcos, independentemente do tipo de dente e tipo de braquete, os valores médios de tensão mais elevados foram mostrados pelo ângulo de 20°, seguido pelos ângulos de 15°, 10°, e 5°, que diferiram estatisticamente entre si. Em geral, para ângulos de 5°, 10° e 15°, os braquetes convencionais e versáteis apresentaram valores de força significativamente mais elevados em todos os dentes, braquetes tip-edge e controle apresentaram os mais baixos. Os maiores valores de força foram observados nos incisivos centrais e laterais com braquetes convencionais e versáteis e no primeiro e segundo pré-molares com braquetes auto-ligantes passivo e controle. Os braquetes convencionais apresentaram as forças mais elevadas, os braquetes controle e tip-edge apresentaram os valores mais baixos. Os dentes que sofreram as maiores forças foram os incisivos laterais, e os que sofreram menos foram os segundos pré-molares.

Abstract A new device was developed to enable the visualization and measurement of canine angulation while at the same time visualizing and measuring the force transmitted to adjacent teeth. This study aimed to evaluate the mesiodistal tilt angle of the upper canine brackets, the wire deflection, and its effects on adjacent teeth with five different slot designs of upper canines. Wires (0.020” and 0.019” x 0.025”) were tested on different five bracket types at five different distal angles. The force applied to adjacent teeth was measured as the angle was increased, and its consequences were observed in the posterior and anterior regions as well. The force tension (gf) was measured in a universal testing machine. Data were submitted to a 3-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). For both arches, regardless of the type of tooth and bracket type, the highest means tension mean values were shown by the 20° angle, followed by the 15°,10°, and 5° angles, which differed statistically among themselves. Overall, for 5°, 10°, and 15° angles, conventional and versatile brackets showed significantly higher force values in all teeth, tip-edge and control brackets showed the lowest. The highest force values were observed in central and lateral incisors with conventional and versatile brackets and on first and second premolar teeth with self-ligating passive and control brackets. Conventional brackets presented the highest forces, tip-edge and control brackets showed the lowest. The teeth that suffered the greatest forces were lateral incisors, and those that suffered the least were second premolars.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of light attenuation through ceramic veneers and resin cement on degree of conversion (DC), cohesive strength (CS), and microshear bond strength (μSBS) of experimental adhesive systems. Experimental etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives were combined with different ratios of camphorquinone (CQ) and diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) photoinitiators: CQ-only; 3CQ:1TPO; 1CQ:1TPO; 1CQ:3TPO and TPO-only. Square-shaped ceramic veneer (IPS Empress Esthetic, Ivoclar Vivadent) (n = 10; 10mm long x 10mm wide x 0.5mm thick) and resin cement specimens (Variolink Esthetic LC, Ivoclar Vivadent) (n = 10; 10 mm long x 10 mm wide and 0.3 mm thick) were prepared. Light transmittance of a multiple-peak LED (Bluephase G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) was measured through restorative materials using a spectrometer (n = 5). Adhesive specimens were analyzed for DC, CS, and μSBS by light-curing the adhesive with or without (control) ceramic veneer, and with resin cement fixed to output region of the light-curing tip (n = 10). Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Total light transmittance through the restorative materials was attenuated, and this attenuation was more evident for the violet spectrum. The DC for the TPO groups in ratios up to 1CQ:1TPO was similar to the control. 1CQ:3TPO showed lower values for CS. μSBS was reduced for all groups with light attenuation, but lower values were observed for 1CQ:3TPO and TPO-only. In conclusion, light transmission was reduced with interposed restorative materials. Adhesives combined with CQ and TPO up to 1CQ:1TPO showed greater cure efficiency and mechanical properties compared with a higher amount of TPO.

Resumo O objetivo neste estudo in vitro foi mensurar as fendas e a profundidade de polimerização de compósitos resinosos bulk-fill duais inseridos em preparos em forma de caixa. Os preparos em forma de caixa (4 mm de profundidade) foram realizados em quinze terceiros molares e separados em 3 grupos, de acordo com o compósito resinoso (n = 5): Bulk-fill dual BulkEZ (BEZ); Bulk-fill dual HyperFIL (HF); Tetric Evoceram Bulk-fill (TETRIC). O comprimento das fendas (%) foi avaliado na interface dente-restauração por meio de micro-tomografia computadorizada (µCT). As restaurações foram seccionadas e o grau de conversão (GC) e microdureza Knoop foram avaliados em cinco profundidades (0,3, 1, 2, 3 e 4 mm). Os dados de microdureza foram avaliados estatisticamente por meio de valores absolutos e relativos (porcentagens de microdureza em relação ao topo). O comprimento das fendas (%) aumentou na seguinte ordem: BEZ = TETRIC <HF. O percentual de microdureza em relação ao topo diminuiu significativamente a partir de 2 mm para TETRIC e 3 mm para HF. BEZ apresentou percentuais de microdureza e de GC constantes em todas as profundidades, enquanto HF e TETRIC apresentaram decréscimo significativo no GC em 4 mm. Os compósitos resinosos bulk-fill duais não reduziram as fendas formadas quando comparados a um compósito bulk-fill fotopolimerizável; entretanto, os mesmos podem melhorar a profundidade de polimerização em restaurações de incremento único.

Abstract This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the gaps length and depth of cure of dual-cure bulk-fill resin composites inserted in box-shaped preparations. Box-shaped preparations (4 mm deep) were made in fifteen human third-molars and divided into three groups according to the resin composites (n=5): Dual-cure bulk-fill BulkEZ (BEZ); Dual-cure bulk-fill HyperFIL (HF); and Tetric Evoceram Bulk-fill (TETRIC), as control. Gaps length (%) was evaluated in tooth-restoration interface with micro-computed tomography (µCT). The restorations were sectioned, and the degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness were evaluated at five depths (0.3, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm). Microhardness data were statistically evaluated using absolute values (KHN) and relative values (microhardness percentages in relation to top). Gaps length (%) increased in the following order: BEZ=TETRIC<HF. The microhardness percentages in relation to top significantly decreased from 2 mm for TETRIC and 3 mm for HF. BEZ had constant microhardness and DC at all depths, while HF and TETRIC presented a significant decrease on DC at 4 mm. Dual-cure bulk-fill composites did not reduce gaps compared to light-cure bulk-fill, but they can improve depth of cure of bulk-filled restorations.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do digluconato de clorexidina 2% (CHX) na resistência de união à microtração (µTBS) entre um sistema adesivo e sob 3 condições de dentina. Para tanto, este estudo avaliou a interface adesiva no início, após 6 meses e 1 ano de armazenamento. Quarenta e oito terceiros molares humanos foram preparados e divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos, de acordo com os substratos dentinários: dentina hígida (Dh), dentina infectada por cárie (Di) e dentina afetada por cárie (Da). Os grupos foram subdivididos em dois de acordo com o pré-tratamento: aplicação de CHX 2% ou sem pré-tratamento (controle). As superfícies da dentina foram condicionadas com gel de ácido fosfórico a 35%, em seguida, utilizou-se o sistema adesivo Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Posteriormente, os corpos-de-prova foram armazenados em água deionizada a 37°C por 24h, 6 meses e 1 ano. Dois dentes adicionais foram usados para analisar as interfaces de união no MEV. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA três fatores em esquema de parcela subdividida e ao teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Os resultados mostram que a Di diminuiu os valores de µTBS quando comparado as Da e Dh, independente do tempo de armazenamento ou tratamento. Amostras armazenadas por 6 meses e 1 ano diminuíram a µTBS para o grupo de controle, mas nenhuma diferença foi encontrada entre o tempo de armazenamento para o grupo CHX. A aplicação de CHX 2% após o condicionamento apresentou melhora na resistência de união à dentina no tempo de armazenamento, independente dos substratos avaliados.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between an adhesive system and under 3 dentin conditions. For that, this study evaluated the adhesive interface at initial, after 6 months and 1 year of storage. Forty-eight human third molars were prepared and randomly divided into 3 groups, according to dentin substrates: sound dentin (Sd), caries-infected dentin (Ci) and caries-affected dentin (Ca). The groups were subdivided into two according to the dentin pre-treatment: application of 2% CHX or without pre-treatment (control). The dentin surfaces were etched with 35% phosphoric acid gel and bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) adhesive system according to manufacturer’s instructions. Subsequently, the specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 24h, 6 months and 1 year. Two additional teeth were used to analyze the bonding interfaces by SEM. Data was submitted to three-way ANOVA in a split plot design and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The results showed that Ci decreased µTBS values when compared to Ca and Sd, regardless storages time or treatment. Stored samples for 6 months and 1 year decreased the µTBS for the control group, but no difference was found between storages time for the CHX group. As a conclusion, the 2% CHX application after etching showed improved dentin bond strength in the storage time, regardless of the substrates evaluated.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar a redução da força de diferentes cadeias elastoméricas após diferentes tempos: inicial, 10 minutos, 1 dia, 28 dias e após escovação mecânica. Vinte segmentos de cadeias elastoméricas ortodônticas foram utilizadas para cada marca comercial. Inicialmente, a cadeia elastomérica de 15 mm de comprimento foi esticada imediatamente até 20 mm na Instron e a força foi medida em (gf). Após, todas as amostras foram adaptadas esticadas em placas retangulares de acrílico na distância de 20 mm, imersas em água deionizada a 37o C por 10 minutos e a força (gf) foi medida novamente. Cinco medidas de força foram feitas nos seguintes intervalos de tempo: inicial, 10 minutos, 1 dia, 28 dias e após a escovação mecânica. Após 28 dias, as placas de acrílico com as amostras foram adaptadas na máquina de escovação (MSCT 3) e as cadeias elastoméricas foram submetidas a escovação mecânica e a medida de força (gf) novamente. Os dados da força (gf) foram submetidos a ANOVA modelo misto e teste post-hoc de Sidak (α = 0,05). Uma redução estatisticamente significativa na força foi encontrada para todos os tipos de cadeia elastomérica ortodôntica após 1 dia, 28 dias e escovação mecânica (p<0,05). As cadeias elastoméricas Morelli e 3M Unitek apresentaram força significativamente superior em relação a Abzil e GAC (p<0,05) após 1 dia, 28 dias e escovação mecânica. Em conclusão, a força distribuída por todas as cadeias elastoméricas decaiu rapidamente com o tempo. As cadeias elastoméricas Morelli e 3M Unitek consistentemente tiveram uma força significativamente maior após a escovação mecânica, enquanto GAC a mais baixa.

Abstract The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the force decrease of different elastomeric chains after different times: initial, 10 minutes, 1 day, 28 days and after mechanical brushing. Twenty orthodontic elastomeric chains segments were utilized for each commercial brand. Initially, the elastomeric chain of 15mm long were immediate stretched up to 20 mm in an Instron and the force was measured in gf. After all specimens were placed stretched on rectangular acrylic jigs with distance of 20 mm, immersed in deionized water at 37oC for 10 minutes and the force (gf) was measured again. Five test measurements of remaining force were made at the following time intervals: initial, 10 minutes, 1 day, 28 days and mechanical brushing. After 28 days, the acrylic plates with the specimens were adapted in the mechanical brushing machines (MSCT 3) and the elastomeric chains were submitted to mechanical brushing and the force (gf) measure again. The force (gf) was submitted to mixed-model ANOVA and Sidak post-hoc test (α=0.05). A statistically significant reduction in the force was found for all orthodontic elastomeric chain types after 1 day, 28 days and mechanical brushing (p<0.05). Morelli and 3M Unitek elastomeric chains showed significantly higher force than Abzil and GAC (p<0.05) after 1 day, 28 days and mechanical brushing. In conclusion, the force delivered by all elastomeric chains decayed rapidly over time. Morelli and 3M Unitek elastomeric chains consistently had a significantly greater force after mechanic brushing, while GAC the lowest.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a resistência de união à microtração (RUμT) à dentina e o estresse interfacial em cavidades classe II restauradas com resina composta de incremento único ou convencional e as interfaces marginais. Cavidades classe II na face mesial, com margem gengival em dentina, foram confeccionadas em 72 terceiros molares, sendo divididos em grupos (n=24): Grupo 1-Tetric N-Ceram; Grupo 2- Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill; Grupo 3- SonicFill. O Sistema adesivo Clearfil SE Bond foi usado em todos os grupos. Metade dos dentes de cada grupo (n=12) foram submetidos à ciclagem termo-mecânica (CTM). Os dentes restaurados (n=9) foram cortados perpendicularmente para obter palitos que foram submetidos ao teste de RµT na máquina-EMIC. As margens cervicais em dentina dos dentes restaurados (n=3) foram observados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) por meio de réplicas em resina epoxy, assim como os cortes das restaurações. O estresse interfacial após a aplicação da carga foram calculadas por análise de elementos finitos 2D. As médias de RUμT-MPa seguidas de letras distintas apresentam diferença estatística de acordo com ANOVA e teste de Games-Howell (p<0,05): Antes da CTM: G1-15.68±6.10a; G2-10.08±5.21ab; G3-7.98±3.76b. Após CTM: G1-9.70±5.52a; G2-5.79±1.42a; G3-4.37±1.87a. O estresse interfacial (MPa) foi 4,4 para SonicFill, 3,9 para Tetric N-Ceram e 3,5 para Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill. Imagens em MEV mostraram margens contínuas para todas as restaurações em resina composta. Foi possível concluir que o SonicFill obteve um estresse interfacial ligeiramente mais alto e menor resistência de união à dentina em comparação com o Tetric N-Ceram e o Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill. Interfaces de margem contínua foram obtidas para Tetric N-Ceram, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill e SonicFill. Entretanto, espaços vazios foram observados nas restaurações do SonicFill.

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (mTBS) to dentin and interfacial stress in a class II cavity restored with bulk-fill or conventional composite resins and the margin interfaces. Vertical slot class II cavities in the mesial face, with the gingival end in dentin, were prepared in 72 third molars, being divided into groups (n=24): G1-Tetric N-Ceram; G2-Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill; G3-SonicFill. Clearfil SE Bond adhesive system was used in all groups. Half of the teeth in each group (n=12) were submitted to thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC). Restored teeth (n=9) were cut perpendicular to obtain beams, which were submitted to a mTBS test in an EMIC machine. The cervical margins in dentin of the restored teeth (n=3) were assessed using SEM through epoxy resin replicas as well as the section of the restoration. Interfacial stresses after load application were calculated by 2D finite element analysis. The mTBS means-MPa followed by different letters represent statistical difference by ANOVA and Games-Howell’s test (p<0.05): Without TMC: G1-15.68±6.10a; G2-10.08±5.21ab; G3-7.98±3.76b. With TMC: G1-9.70±5.52a; G2-5.79±1.42a; G3-4.37±1.87a. Interfacial stress (MPa) was 4.4 for SonicFill, 3.9 for Tetric N-Ceram, and 3.5 for Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill. SEM images showed continuous margins for all composite resin restorations. It was possible to conclude that SonicFill obtained a slightly higher interfacial stress and lower bond strength to dentin in comparison with Tetric N-Ceram and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill. Continuous margin interfaces were obtained for Tetric N-Ceram, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, and SonicFill. However, voids were observed in the SonicFill restorations.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do biofilme de S. mutans na rugosidade (Ra), brilho (GU), dureza superficial (KHN) e resistência à flexão (FS) de compósitos de Bulk Fill de alta viscosidade. Foram utilizados Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), X-tra fil Bulk Fill (XF) e Filtek Z350 (FZ). Dez discos de cada compósito foram preparados para Ra, KHN e GU e 20 barras para o FS. Após 24 h, os espécimes foram polidos e as análises iniciais realizadas. As amostras foram esterilizadas e submetidas a biodegradação por 7 dias e as análises finais foram realizadas. Amostras representativas de cada grupo foram avaliadas no Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey. XF apresentou os maiores valores (p<0,05) de Ra antes e após a biodegradação (0,1251; o00,3100) e FZ (0,1443) os menores após a biodegradação (p<0,05). Os maiores valores de GU (p<0,05) foram observados para FZ (71,7; 62) e FBF (69,0; 64,6), e os mais baixos (p<0,05) para TNC (61,4; 53,3) e XF (58,5; 53,5), ambos antes e depois da biodegradação. Para KHN, os valores mais altos foram obtidos por XF (151,7; 106), e os (p<0,05) valores mais baixos para TNC (62,2; 51,8), antes e depois da biodegradação. Os maiores valores (p <0,05) de FS foram observados para a FZ (127,6) e os menores (p<0,05) para a TNC (86,9); após biodegradação, o XF (117,7) apresentou os maiores valores (p<0,05) em comparação ao TNC e FZ. Em conclusão, a biodegradação aumentou o Ra e diminuiu a GU e a KHN para todos. Em relação à FS, a degradação promoveu uma diminuição significativa apenas para a FZ.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the Streptococcus mutans biofilm influence on the roughness (Ra), gloss (GU), surface hardness (KHN) and flexural strength (FS) of high viscosity bulk fill composites. Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), X-tra fil Bulk Fill (XF) and Filtek Z350 (FZ) were used. Ten discs of each composite were prepared for Ra, KHN and GU and 20 bars for the FS. After 24 h, specimens were polished and initial analyzes performed. Samples were sterilized and subjected to biodegradation for 7 days and final analyzes performed. Representative samples of each group were evaluated in Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were submitted to ANOVA two factors and Tukey test. XF presented the highest values (p<0.05) of Ra before and after biodegradation (0.1251; 0.3100), and FZ (0.1443) the lowest after biodegradation (p<0.05). The highest GU values (p<0.05) were observed for FZ (71.7; 62) and FBF (69.0; 64.6), and the lowest (p<0.05) for TNC (61.4; 53.3) and XF (58.5; 53.5), both before and after biodegradation. For KHN the highest values were obtained by XF (151.7; 106), and the (p< 0.05) lowest values for TNC (62.2; 51.8), both before and after biodegradation. The highest values (p<0.05) of FS were observed for FZ (127.6) and the lowest (p<0.05) for TNC (86.9); after biodegradation, XF (117.7) presented the highest (p<0.05) values compared to TNC and FZ.” In conclusion, biodegradation increased Ra and decreased GU and KHN for all. Concerning FS, degradation provided a significant decreased value only for FZ.

Resumo No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes métodos de fotoativação e ciclagem térmica na resistência da união ao cisalhamento (RUC) e no índice de remanescente adesivo (IRA) de braquetes metálicos colados à cerâmica feldspática. Cem braquetes metálicos foram colados em 20 cilindros de porcelana, divididos em 4 grupos (n=25) de acordo com o processo de fotoativação e ciclagem térmica. Os cilindros foram condicionados com ácido fluorídrico 10% por 60s e receberam 2 camadas de silano. Os braquetes foram colados com a resina composta Transbond XT. A fotoativação nos Grupos 1 e 3 foi realizada por 3 segundos usando o aparelho VALO Ortho Cordless com irradiância de 3200 mW/cm2 e nos Grupos 2 e 4 por 40 segundos utilizando o aparelho Optilight Max com irradiância de 1200 mW/cm². As amostras foram armazenadas em água deionizada a 37°C por 24 h, após as amostras dos grupos 1 e 2 foram submetidos ao teste de RUC, velocidade de 1 mm/min, e as amostras dos grupos 3 e 4 foram submetidas a 7.000 ciclos térmicos (5°/ 55°C) antes da RUC. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância dois fatores e ao teste de Tukey (a=0,05). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as médias da RUC nos diferentes aparelhos de fotoativação. Quando submetidos à ciclagem térmica apresentaram menores valores de RUC (p≤0,05). O IRA mostrou predominância de escore 0 para todos os grupos. Conclui-se que os diferentes métodos de fotoativação não interferiram na RUC, porém a ciclagem térmica reduziu a RUC.

Abstract The present study was evaluated the effect of different light activation and thermocycling methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) and on the adhesive remnant index (ARI) of metal brackets bonded to feldspathic ceramic. Hundred metal brackets were bonded to 20 porcelain cylinders, divided into four groups (n=25) based on light activation and thermocycling processes. The cylinders were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s and coated with two layers of silane. The brackets were bonded with Transbond XT composite resin. Light activation in Groups 1 and 3 was performed during 3 s using the VALO Ortho Cordless appliance with irradiance 3,200 mW/cm2 and in Groups 2 and 4 for 40 s using Optilight Max appliance with irradiance 1,200 mW/cm². The samples were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 24 h and the samples from Groups 1 and 2 were submitted to the SBS test at a rate of 1 mm/min, whereas the samples from Groups 3 and 4 were submitted to 7,000 thermal cycles (5°/55°C) before to the SBS test. The data were assessed by two-way analysis of variance and by Tukey’s test (a=0.05). No significant difference was observed between SBS means in the different light activation devices used. The samples subjected to thermocycling revealed lower SBS values (p≤0.05). There was predominance of score 0 for ARI in all groups. Therefore, the different light activation methods did not interfere in SBS, but thermocycling reduced SBS.