RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou o efeito do extrato de tanino de Acacia mearnsii na temperatura intravaginal, na produção e na composição do leite de vacas Holandesas mantidas em ambiente subtropical. O período de estudo foi de 29 dias e foram selecionadas 20 vacas multíparas Holandesas com produção média de leite de 50 ± 6 kg/dia e 147 ± 83 dias em leite. As vacas foram separadas em dois tratamentos: Controle (n = 10) não recebeu suplementação alimentar. Tanino (n = 10) recebeu Tanino Condensado (Tanac S.A., Montenegro, RS, Brasil) na dose de 0,19% de matéria seca (40 g/vaca/dia). Os animais foram monitorados quanto à produção e composição do leite, bem como à temperatura intravaginal. O índice de temperatura e umidade ambiental (ITU) foi monitorado. O ITU médio foi de 72,39 ± 0,69. A temperatura intravaginal média foi de 39,17 ± 0,14 °C no tratamento Tanino e 39,03 ± 0,14 °C no tratamento Controle (P > 0,05). Os animais do tratamento Tanino exibiram temperatura intravaginal de 39,2°C no ITU 69,38, e o tratamento Controle exibiu a mesma temperatura no ITU 70,16 (característica operacional do receptor (ROC); P < 0,01). A produção de leite foi maior no tratamento Tanino do que no tratamento Controle (51,38 ± 0,90kg/dia e 49,94 ± 1,05kg/dia, respectivamente; P < 0,01). O teor de proteína no leite foi maior no tratamento Tanino do que no tratamento Controle (3,20 ± 0,01% e 3,04 ± 0,01%; respectivamente; P < 0,01). Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o extrato de tanino de Acacia mearnsii pode atenuar o estresse térmico e seus efeitos negativos na produtividade animal. RESUMO subtropical 2 5 kgdia kg dia 14 8 tratamentos n 10 alimentar Tanac SA S S.A. Montenegro RS Brasil 019 0 19 0,19 40 (4 g/vaca/dia. gvacadia g/vaca/dia . g vaca g/vaca/dia) (ITU monitorado 7239 72 39 72,3 069 69 0,69 3917 17 39,1 014 0,1 C 3903 03 39,0 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) 392C 6938 38 69,38 7016 70 16 70,1 característica ROC (ROC) 0,01. 001 0,01 01 0,01) 51,38 5138 51 (51,3 090kgdia 90kg 4994 49 94 49,9 105kgdia 1 05kg 1,05kg/dia respectivamente 3,20 320 3 (3,2 304 04 3,0 animal S.A 4 ( 723 7 72, 06 0,6 391 39, 0, 390 00 0,0 693 69,3 701 70, (ROC 51,3 513 (51, 499 9 49, 3,2 32 (3, 30 3, 69, 51, (51 (3 (5

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of tannin extract from Acacia mearnsii on intravaginal temperature, production and milk composition of Holstein cows in a subtropical environment. The study period was 29 days and 20 multiparous Holstein cows were selected with an average milk production of 50 ± 6 kg/day and 147 ± 83 days in milk. The cows were separated into two treatments: Control (n = 10) did not receive dietary supplementation. Tannin (n = 10) received Condensed Tannin (Tanac S.A., Montenegro, RS, Brazil) at a dose of 0.19% dry matter (40 g/cow/day). Animals were monitored for milk production and composition as well as intravaginal temperature. The environmental temperature and humidity index (THI) were monitored. The mean THI was 72.39 ± 0.69. The mean intravaginal temperature was 39.17 ± 0.14 °C in the Tannin treatment and 39.03 ± 0.14°C in the Control treatment (P > 0.05). The animals in the Tannin treatment exhibited an intravaginal temperature of 39.2 °C at THI 69.38, and the Control treatment exhibited the same temperature at THI 70.16 (receiver operating characteristic (ROC); P < 0.01). Milk production was higher in the Tannin treatment than in the Control treatment (51.38 ± 0.90 kg/day and 49.94 ± 1.05 kg/day, respectively; P < 0.01). The protein content in milk was higher in the Tannin treatment than in the Control treatment (3.20 ± 0.01% and 3.04 ± 0.01%; respectively; P < 0.01). The results of this study suggested that tannin extract from Acacia mearnsii can attenuate heat stress and its negative effects on animal production. ABSTRACT environment 2 5 kgday kg day 14 8 treatments n 10 supplementation Tanac SA S A S.A. Montenegro RS Brazil 019 0 19 0.19 40 (4 g/cow/day. gcowday g/cow/day . g cow g/cow/day) (THI 7239 72 39 72.3 069 69 0.69 3917 17 39.1 014 0.1 C 3903 03 39.0 014C 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) 392 39. 6938 38 69.38 7016 70 16 70.1 receiver ROC (ROC) 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) 51.38 5138 51 (51.3 090 90 0.9 4994 49 94 49.9 105 1 1.0 respectively 3.20 320 3 (3.2 304 04 3.0 S.A 4 ( 723 7 72. 06 0.6 391 0. 390 00 0.0 693 69.3 701 70. (ROC 51.3 513 (51. 09 9 499 49. 1. 3.2 32 (3. 30 3. 69. 51. (51 (3 (5

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e comparar a composição florística e estrutura horizontal da floresta manejada (FM) e da floresta não manejada (FNM). Utilizou-se amostragem casual estratificada com 12 parcelas na FM e 12 na FNM. Em parcelas de 28 x 350 m mensuraram-se todos os indivíduos com circunferência a altura do peito (CAP) maior ou igual a 31,4 cm e menor do que 94,2 cm (nível I de inclusão), subparcelas de 28 x 100 m, os indivíduos com 94,2 cm ≤ CAP <157,1 cm (nível de inclusão II), subparcelas de 28 x 250 m e indivíduos com CAP ≥ 157,1 m (nível de inclusão III). Em ambas as florestas foram encontradas 216 espécies, distribuídas em 44 famílias botânicas. A FNM apresentou maior índice de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H')(H'= 4,47). A composição florística, na FM, não sofreu alterações significativas durante o manejo empresarial realizado. Entretanto, houve alterações significativas de riqueza e área basal entre FM e FNM devido à colheita realizada que implicou na retirada de indivíduos em classes comerciais e também ao dano causado às árvores remanescentes. As espécies de maior importância ecológica em FNM foram Rinorea guianensis Aubl (Violaceae), Pouteria bilocularis (H. Winkler) Baehni (Sapotaceae) e Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (Fabaceae). Em FM foram Rinorea guianensis Aubl (Violaceae), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier (Sapotaceae) e Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A. Mori (Lecythidaceae). Para o período considerado, a área basal parece estar se recuperando adequadamente.

The aim of this study was to analyze and to compare the floristic composition and horizontal structure of managed forest (FM) and unmanaged forest (FNM). A stratified random sampling was used with 12 plots in the FM and 12 plots in the FNM. In plots of 28 x 350 m, all individuals with circumference at breast height (CAP) greater than or equal to 31.4 cm and smaller than 94.2 cm (inclusion level I) were measured, plots of 28 x 100 m, individuals with ≤ 94.2 cm CAP <157.1 cm (inclusion level II), plots of 28 x 250 m individuals with CAP ≥ 157.1 m (inclusion level III). In both forests 216 species were found, distributed in 44 botanical families. The FNM had a higher diversity index of Shannon-Weaver (H ') (H' = 4.47). The floristic composition, in the FM did not change significantly during the forest management. However, there were significant changes in richness and basal area between FM and FNM because of the harvesting done which resulted in the removal of individuals in commercial classes and also to the damage caused to the remaining trees. The most important species in ecological FNM were RinoreaguianensisAubl (Violaceae), Pouteriabilocularis (H. Winkler) Baehni (Sapotaceae) and Sclerolobiumpaniculatum Vogel (Fabaceae). In FM, were RinoreaguianensisAubl (Violaceae), Manilkarahuberi (Ducke) Chevalier (Sapotaceae) and Eschweileracoriacea (DC.) S.A.Mori (Lecythidaceae). For the period considered, the basal area seems to be recovering properly.

Este trabalho foi realizado na UHE Mogi-Guaçu, pertencente à AES Tietê S.A. Levantamento de plantas aquáticas e amostragem de água e sedimento foram realizados em julho de 2001 (estação seca), novembro de 2001 (início da estação chuvosa) e março de 2002 (final da estação chuvosa). Foram feitas 846 análises de água e 516 de sedimento, avaliando-se 47 características da água e 41 do sedimento. Espécies marginais e flutuantes foram as principais infestantes do reservatório, merecendo destaque as espécies Brachiaria subquadripara, Eichornia crassipes, Polygonum lapathifolium, Panicum rivulare, Salvinia auriculata e Pistia stratiotes. A turbidez e conseqüente baixa transmissão de luz pela coluna d'água impossibilitaram o desenvolvimento de plantas submersas. Teores de fósforo e nitrogênio encontrados tanto na água quanto no sedimento mostraram-se suficientes para suportar o crescimento de plantas aquáticas. A ocorrência de plantas marginais e flutuantes estava associada ao intenso processo de sedimentação observado no reservatório.

This research was carried out at the Mogi Guaçu reservoir owned by AES Tiete. Assessment of aquatic plants and water and sediment sampling were carried out in July 2001 (dry season), November 2001 (start of rainy season) and March 2002 (end of rainy season). A total of 846 water and 516 sediment analyses were performed, with 47 water and 41 sediment characteristics being evaluated. Marginal and floating species were the main weeds in the reservoir, the most outstanding being Brachiaria subquadripara, Eichornia crassipes, Polygonum lapathifolium, Panicum rivulare, Salvinia auriculata and Pistia stratiotes. Turbidity and low light transmission by water column made the growth of the submerged plants impossible. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentration both in the water and sediment was adequate to support aquatic plant growth. The occurrence of marginal and floating plants was associated with the intense process of sedimentation in the reservoir.

O cupim subterrâneo Heterotermes tenuis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) é uma importante praga na economia brasileira, causando danos em reflorestamentos de eucalipto e plantações de cana-de-açúcar. O (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodecatrien-1-ol tem sido descrito como feromônio de trilha em várias espécies da família Rhinotermitidae. Este trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar este trieno e determinar, através da eletroantenografia, a seletividade e sensibilidade dos receptores antenais de H. tenuis ao (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodecatrien-1-ol e ao seu respectivo extrato de glândula esternal.

The subterranean termite Heterotermes tenuis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is a pest of great importance for the Brazilian economy as it causes serious damages in commercial reforestations of Eucalyptus spp. and sugarcane cultures. (3Z,6Z,8E)-Dodecatrien-1-ol has been identified as a pheromone of some species of subterranean termites. The objective of this research was to synthesize (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodecatrien-1-ol and determine by electroantennographic (EAG) bioassays the selectivity and sensitivity of H. tenius antennae to its whole worker extract and to the synthetic triene alcohol.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the establishment of dominance relationships and social stress on plasma cortisol and metabolite levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 30-day experiment, the fish weighing 236 ± 29 g were kept in individual aquaria, except for two pairings lasting 6 h each. Blood samples were taken from the animals before and after pairing. Display, approach, attack, rebuff, chase flight, and coloration were carried out on days 16 and 30. Activities and behaviors characteristic of the establishment of dominance relationships were described. It was possible to classify all experimental fish (N = 30) as dominant or subordinate. No differences were detected between dominant (N = 15) and subordinate (N = 15) fish during isolation or after pairing in cortisol (isolated: 5.76 ± 0.98 vs 5.42 ± 0.63; paired: 10.94 ± 1.62 vs 11.21 ± 2.45 µg/dl), glucose (isolated: 60.02 ± 4.9 vs 67.85 ± 16.16; paired: 110.44 ± 15.72 vs 136.26 ± 22.46 mg/dl), triglyceride (isolated: 167.87 ± 5.06 vs 185.68 ± 7.24; paired: 210.85 ± 13.40 vs 221.82 ± 12.70 mg/dl) or total protein levels (isolated: 7.01 ± 0.42 vs 6.69 ± 0.59; paired: 9.21 ± 0.62 vs 9.51 ± 0.66 g/dl). However, when isolated (N = 30) and paired (N = 30) tilapia were compared, there were significant differences in cortisol and metabolite levels. The similar response presented by dominant and subordinate tilapia indicates that establishment of dominance relationships was a stressor for both groups.

This paper evaluates the effect of the addition of silane agents on the mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness and flexibility) of the composite polyamide-6/talc. For this purpose, 30% and 40% of a talc with and without the addition of silane agents were incorporated into polyamide-6. Three kinds of silane agents were used, resulting in nine formulations. Comparing the experimental results, it is concluded that the silane agents improve the mechanical properties of the composite material.