SUMMARY: This study aimed to explore the potential of Nasturtium officinale L. leaves extract (NOLE) in safeguarding hepatocytes against N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by investigating its effects on biochemical, molecular, and antioxidant pathways. The study also delved into NOLE's role in modulating the HOTAIR/miR-124/Notch1 axis pathway. In this study, 50 Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=10/group): normal, HCC-induced (100 mg/kg DEN), HCC rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg DEN + NOLE, and normal rats treated with 200 mg/kg NOLE. At the study's conclusion, serum levels of liver function markers (such as albumin, total protein, bilirubin, C-reactive protein, ALT, AST, and ALP), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL- 1b, IL-10, and TNF-a), and oxidative parameters [including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, and nitric oxide (NO) levels] were assessed. The levels of HOTAIR, miR-124, Notch1, and Jagged1 genes and proteins in liver tissue were measured. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate P53-positive cells in liver hepatocytes. DEN administration led to significant alterations in body and liver weight, serum liver enzymes, antioxidant levels, inflammatory markers, and expression of genes/proteins related to the HOTAIR/miR-124/Notch1 axis in liver pathways. NOLE exhibited dose-dependent effects in mitigating these changes, notably enhancing weight, liver health, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory responses, especially at the 200 mg/kg dosage. Histopathological assessments revealed structural improvements in liver tissue with NOLE treatment. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of NOLE in exerting anti-cancer effects against DEN-induced HCC.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar el potencial del extracto de hojas de Nasturtium officinale L. (NOLE) para proteger los hepatocitos contra el carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC) inducido por N-dietilnitrosamina (DEN) mediante la investigación de sus efectos sobre las vías bioquímicas, moleculares y antioxidantes. El estudio también profundizó en el papel de NOLE en la modulación de la vía del eje HOTAIR/miR-124/Notch1. En este estudio, 50 ratas Wistar se dividieron en cinco grupos (n=10/ grupo): ratas normales, inducidas por HCC (100 mg/kg de DEN), ratas con HCC tratadas con 100 y 200 mg/kg de DEN + NOLE y ratas normales tratadas con 200 mg/kg de NOLE. Al concluir el estudio, se midieron los niveles séricos de marcadores de función hepática (como albúmina, proteína total, bilirrubina, proteína C reactiva, ALT, AST y ALP), citoquinas inflamatorias (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 y TNF-α) y parámetros oxidativos [incluidos los niveles de glutatión peroxidasa (GPx), superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT) y óxido nítrico (NO)]. Se midieron los niveles de los genes y proteínas HOTAIR, miR-124, Notch1 y Jagged1 en el tejido hepático. Se utilizó análisis inmunohistoquímico para evaluar las células P53 positivas en los hepatocitos del hígado. La administración de DEN provocó alteraciones significativas en el peso corporal y hepático, las enzimas hepáticas séricas, los niveles de antioxidantes, los marcadores inflamatorios y la expresión de genes/proteínas relacionadas con el eje HOTAIR/miR-124/Notch1 en las vías hepáticas. NOLE exhibió efectos dependientes de la dosis para mitigar estos cambios, en particular mejorando el peso, la salud del hígado, la capacidad antioxidante y las respuestas inflamatorias, especialmente en la dosis de 200 mg/kg. Las evaluaciones histopatológicas revelaron mejoras estructurales en el tejido hepático con el tratamiento NOLE. En conclusión, nuestro estudio destaca el potencial de NOLE para ejercer efectos anticancerígenos contra el CHC inducido por DEN.

Resumo A seca é um estresse ecológico primário que limita o rendimento do trigo em regiões com deficiência hídrica. A realização de seleção genética direcionada de cultivares de trigo pode agilizar o processo de adaptação do trigo às condições climáticas da região, permitindo a identificação de variedades de alto rendimento com características genéticas estáveis. Este estudo investigou o impacto dos genes TaGW8 e TaGS3A, conhecidos por sua contribuição para a produtividade do trigo. Os genes de produtividade efetiva TaGW8-B1b/B1a e o genoma TaGS5-3A-T exercem uma influência de 32,8% na variabilidade da característica de peso de 1000 grãos (TGW). Essa influência decorre de genes individuais e de suas interações, com pelo menos 17,5% da variabilidade do TGW explicada pelas combinações de genes examinadas no estudo. O gene TaGS5-3A-T exibe uma correlação positiva significativa com o rendimento total, excedendo 63%. A integração desses genes de produtividade, com base em dados fenotípicos de campo, resultou em um aumento geral de rendimento de amostras selecionadas em 0,8 toneladas/ha em comparação com o indicador médio multianual do país. hídrica região estáveis TaGW TaGS3A TaGSA TaGS TaGW8B1b/B1a TaGW8B1bB1a TaGWBbBa B1b/B1a B1b B1a B b TaGS53AT TaGSAT TaGS5 3A T 328 32 8 32,8 100 TGW. . (TGW) interações 175 17 5 17,5 total 63 63% campo 08 0 0, toneladasha toneladas ha país TaGW8B1b bB B1bB1a BbBa Bb Ba AT 3 32, 10 (TGW 1 17, 6 TaGWBb

Abstract Drought is a primary ecological stress limiting wheat yield in water-deficient regions. Conducting targeted genetic selection of wheat cultivars can expedite the adaptation process of wheat to the climatic conditions of the region, allowing for the identification of high-yielding varieties with stable genetic traits. This study investigated the impact of the TaGW8 and TaGS3A genes, known for their contribution to wheat productivity. The effective productivity genes TaGW8-B1b/B1a and the TaGS5-3A-T genome exert a 32.8% influence on the variability of the 1000 grain weight (TGW) trait. This influence stems from both individual genes and their interactions, with at least 17.5% of TGW variability explained by the gene combinations examined in the study. Notably, the TaGS5-3A-T gene exhibits a significant positive correlation with total yield, exceeding 63%. The integration of these productivity genes, based on field phenotypic data, has resulted in an overall yield increase of selected samples by 0.8 tons/ha compared to the country's average multi-year indicator. waterdeficient water deficient regions region highyielding high yielding traits TaGW TaGSA TaGS A TaGW8B1b/B1a TaGW8B1bB1a TaGWBbBa B1b/B1a B1b B1a B b TaGS53AT TaGSAT TaGS5 3A T 328 32 8 32.8 100 (TGW trait interactions 175 17 5 17.5 Notably 63 63% data 08 0 0. tonsha tons ha countrys country s multiyear multi year indicator TaGW8B1b bB B1bB1a BbBa Bb Ba AT 3 32. 10 1 17. 6 TaGWBb

Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by death of dopaminergic neurons leading to dopamine deficiency, excessive α-synuclein facilitating Lewy body formation, etc. Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a proteinaceous neurotoxin discovered from the eggs of spider L. tredecimguttatus, was previously found to promote the synthesis and release of PC12 cells, showing a great potential as a drug candidate for PD. However, the relevant mechanisms have not been understood completely. The present study explored the mechanism underlying the effects of LETX-VI on dopamine and α-synuclein of PC12 cells and the implications for PD. Results After PC12 cells were treated with LETX-VI, the level of dopamine was significantly increased in a dose-dependent way within a certain range of concentrations. Further mechanism analysis showed that LETX-VI upregulated the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and L-dopa decarboxylase to enhance the biosynthesis of dopamine, and downregulated that of monoamine oxidase B to reduce the degradation of dopamine. At the same time, LETX-VI promoted the transport and release of dopamine through modulating the abundance and/or posttranslational modification of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT). While the level of dopamine was increased by LETX-VI treatment, α-synuclein content was reduced by the spider toxin. α-Synuclein overexpression significantly decreased the dopamine level and LETX-VI efficiently alleviated the inhibitory action of excessive α-synuclein on dopamine. In the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD, application of LETX-VI ameliorated parkinsonian behaviors of the mice, and reduced the magnitude of MPTP-induced α-synuclein upregulation and TH downregulation. In addition, LETX-VI displayed neuroprotective effects by inhibiting MPTP-induced decrease in the numbers of TH-positive and Nissl-stained neurons in mouse brain tissues. Conclusions All the results demonstrate that LETX-VI promotes the synthesis and release of dopamine in PC12 cells via multiple mechanisms including preventing abnormal α-synuclein accumulation, showing implications in the prevention and treatment of PD.

ABSTRACT Filter mud is an industrial waste produced by sugar crops during the sugar production process, which contains N, P, K, organic matter, and a variety of trace elements required for plant growth. Therefore, a soil cultivation experiment was devised to verify the effects of applying diverse proportions of filter mud on the growth and physiological variations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) seedlings. For this study, sugar mill filter mud equivalent to 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13% of the dry weight of neutral black soil was used. Sugar beet seeds were planted in soil with filter mud and their growth, nutrient, and physiological indexes are measured after they grew into sugar beet seedlings. After the application of filter mud, the growth status of sugar beet seedlings increased significantly compared to the non-application of filter mud. Soil application of filter mud increases the content of inorganic N, available P, available K, and organic matter in the soil. And the most pronounced growth of sugar beet seedlings was achieved at 7% of the applied filter mud. In addition, the content of chlorophyll, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity all increased significantly. As a result, it was determined that filter mud from sugar beet waste was an effective soil improver material, a certain percentage of filter mud can promote the growth of sugar beet seedlings. This has important implications for the improvement of sugar beet yields and the recycling of agricultural wastes.

Abstract Lycium barbarum L. leaves are rich in flavonoids, which have been proven to show poor stability and solubility in the external and gastrointestinal environment. To improve the stability and water-solubility of Lycium barbarum L. leaves flavonoids (LBLF), sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CS) were utilized as the wall materials to prepare the microcapsules of LBLF (M-LBLF) by polyelectrolyte cross-linking method. The spectrum of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed M-LBLF had an absorption peak at 1735 cm-1, which might be the electrostatic interaction between the positive and negative charges of SA and CS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum showed the diffraction peak at 2θ = 51.8° was due to the microencapsulation and transformation of the amorphous structural part into a crystalline state. As demonstrated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the M-LBLF displayed wider and higher endothermic peaks due to the electrostatic interaction between SA and CS. The release of main monomers from M-LBLF in different stages of the in vitro digestion were detected, and it was shown that M-LBLF could resist the digestion in simulated oral fluid (SOF) and gastric fluid (SGF), and enhance the slow-release ability of LBLF in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), indicating that microencapsulation can improve the stability of LBLF and play a slow-release role.

RESUMO: Embora as desmetilases de histonas contendo o domínio JmjC exibam um papel crucial na manutenção da homeostase das metilações de histonas, enquanto a identificação sistemática e a pesquisa funcional da família de genes contendo o domínio JmjC não foram conduzidas em feijão mungo (genes VrJMJ). De acordo com suas características de estrutura e relações filogenéticas com os ortólogos de Glycine max, Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana e Oryza sativa, se identificaram um total de 18 genes VrJMJ se divididos em quatro clados (KDM3, KDM5, PKDM8 e PKDM9). A análise de colinearidade exibiu eventos significativos de duplicação do gene JmjC ocorridos durante a evolução de Papilionoideae. A organização exon/intron e domínio de genes VrJMJ do mesmo clade (ou subclade) foram semelhantes. Todas as proteínas VrJMJ continham um domínio JmjC conservado, enquanto outros domínios essenciais foram encontrados em algumas proteínas VrJMJ específicas que são responsáveis por suas funções. Numerosos elementos cis relacionados ao estresse abiótico e à resposta à luz associados à regulação da transcrição foram encontrados nas regiões promotoras dos genes VrJMJ (Pro VrJMJs ). A análise do padrão de expressão dos genes VrJMJ em diferentes tecidos mostrou que a maioria dos genes exibe uma expressão preferencial em raízes ou folhas. Além disso, os resultados de acronym RT-qPCR mostraram que todos os genes VrJMJ apresentam diferentes graus de resposta ao estresse abiótico (seca, salinidade e frio) e tratamentos fotoperiódicos. Além disso, VrJMJ3 y VrJMJ9 foi notavelmente expresso na resposta a todos os estresses abióticos mencionados acima, e VrJMJ13 exibiu funções potenciais na regulação fotoperiódica da floração em feijão-mungo. Estes resultados proporcionam una compreensão clara dos genes VrJMJ e estabeleceu uma base teórica para uma maior verificação das possíveis funções biológicas dos genes VrJMJ. RESUMO . VrJMJ) max japonicus truncatula sativa 1 KDM3, KDM3 KDM (KDM3 KDM5 PKDM PKDM9. PKDM9 PKDM9) Papilionoideae exonintron exon intron subclade semelhantes conservado Pro ) folhas disso RTqPCR RT qPCR seca, seca (seca frio fotoperiódicos acima VrJMJ1 feijãomungo. feijãomungo mungo. feijão-mungo (KDM

ABSTRACT: Although the JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases displayed a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of histone methylation, while the systematic identification and functional researches of JmjC domain-containing gene family have not been conducted in Mung bean (VrJMJgenes). According to the structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationship with their orthologs from Glycine max, Lotus japonicus, Medicagotruncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa, a total of 18 VrJMJgenes were identified and divided into four clades (KDM3, KDM5. PKDM8, and PKDM9). Interspecies co-collinearity analysis showed the significant JmjC gene duplication events which have occurred during the Papilionoideae evolution. The exon/intron and domain organization of VrJMJgenes from the same clade (or subclade) were similar. All VrJMJ proteins contained a conserved JmjC domain, meanwhile other essential domains also have been found in some specific VrJMJ proteins which responsible for their functions. Numerous abiotic stress and light response related cis-elements associating with transcriptional regulation that were demonstrated in the promoter regions of VrJMJgenes(Pro VrJMJs ). Expression profiles of VrJMJgenes in different tissues showed that most genes displayed a tissue-specific expression in roots or leaves. The acronym RT-qPCR results showed that all VrJMJ genes displayed different degrees of abiotic stress (drought, salinity, and cold) and photoperiodic responses. Furthermore, VrJMJ3 and VrJMJ9 were significantly up-regulated after all three abiotic stress treatments, and VrJMJ13 exhibited a potential function in the photoperiodic regulation of Mung bean flowering. These results provided a clear understanding of VrJMJ genes, and laid a theoretical basis for further verification of their potential biological functions of VrJMJ genes. ABSTRACT domaincontaining containing methylation VrJMJgenes. . (VrJMJgenes) max japonicus Medicagotruncatula thaliana sativa 1 KDM3, KDM3 KDM (KDM3 KDM5 PKDM8 PKDM PKDM9. PKDM9 PKDM9) cocollinearity co collinearity evolution exonintron exon intron subclade similar ciselements cis elements VrJMJgenesPro Pro ) tissuespecific tissue leaves RTqPCR RT qPCR drought, drought (drought salinity cold responses Furthermore upregulated up regulated treatments VrJMJ1 flowering (VrJMJgenes (KDM

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to simplify the difficult excavation that is caused by the root-sand complex in the process of harvesting Cyperus esculentus in the desert of Xinjiang by performing mechanical tests and analysis of the interaction between the vibrating excavation shovel and the rotary blade on the root-sand complex. The rotary blade number, rotary blade speed and digging depth were used as the test parameters, and the Cyperus esculentus breakage rate, root-grass crushing rate, and soil carrying rate were used as the test indicators. The characteristics of the influence of various factors and their interaction on the crushing and separation of the root-sand complex were explored. A parameter combination optimization model is verified by experimental data. The test results showed that the optimal combination was as follows: the number of rotary blades was 20, the rotational speed of the rotary blade was 373 r/min, and the digging depth was 12 cm. At this time, the Cyperus esculentus breakage rate, root-grass crushing rate, and soil carrying rate were 2.62%, 63.68% and 55.40%, respectively. This study can support the development of a Cyperus esculentus harvester suitable for deserts in Xinjiang. rootsand root sand parameters rootgrass grass indicators explored data follows 20 37 rmin r min r/min 1 cm time 262 2 62 2.62% 6368 63 68 63.68 5540 55 40 55.40% respectively 3 26 6 2.62 636 63.6 554 5 4 55.40 2.6 63. 55.4 2. 55.

Resumo O cádmio (Cd) é um dos principais tóxicos, que afeta a saúde humana por meio da exposição ocupacional e ambiental. No presente estudo, avaliamos os efeitos protetores dos cogumelos morel contra os danos reprodutivos induzidos pelo Cd em ratos. Para tanto, 30 ratos machos foram divididos em 6 grupos (n = 5 / grupo); o primeiro grupo serviu de controle, o segundo grupo foi tratado com injeção intraperitoneal (i.p) de 1 mg / kg / dia de Cd. O terceiro e o quarto grupos foram cotratados com 1 mg / kg / dia de Cd (i.p) e 10 e 20 mg / kg / dia de extrato de cogumelo morel (por via oral), respectivamente. Os dois grupos finais receberam gavagem oral de 10 e 20 mg / kg / dia de extrato de cogumelo morel sozinho. Após o tratamento por 17 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e os testículos e o epidídimo foram dissecados. Um testículo e epidídimo de cada animal foram processados para histologia, enquanto o outro testículo e epidídimo foram usados para produção diária de esperma (DSP) e ensaio cometa. Nossos resultados mostraram que os cogumelos Cd e morel não têm efeito sobre o peso do animal, mas o Cd diminui significativamente a contagem de DSP e danifica o DNA hereditário, que é revertido em grupos de cotratamento. Da mesma forma, os resultados histopatológicos dos testículos e do epidídimo mostram que os cogumelos morel controlam os danos a esses tecidos. Considerando que o extrato de cogumelo morel sozinho pode aumentar a produção de testosterona. Esses resultados concluem que os cogumelos morel não apenas controlam os danos causados pelo Cd, mas também podem ser usados como um mecanismo de proteção para danos hereditários ao DNA.

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major toxicants, which affects human health through occupational and environmental exposure. In the current study, we evaluated the protective effects of morel mushrooms against Cd-induced reproductive damages in rats. For this purpose, 30 male rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5/group), the first group served as the control group, second group was treated with an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 1 mg/kg/day of Cd. Third and fourth groups were co-treated with 1 mg/kg/day of Cd (i.p) and 10 and 20 mg/kg/day of morel mushroom extract (orally) respectively. The final 2 groups received oral gavage of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day of morel mushroom extract alone. After treatment for 17 days, the animals were euthanized, and testes and epididymis were dissected out. One testis and epididymis of each animal were processed for histology, while the other testis and epididymis were used for daily sperm production (DSP) and comet assay. Our results showed that Cd and morel mushrooms have no effect on animal weight, but Cd significantly decreases the DSP count and damages the heritable DNA which is reversed in co-treatment groups. Similarly, the histopathological results of testes and epididymis show that morel mushrooms control the damage to these tissues. Whereas the morel mushroom extract alone could enhance the production of testosterone. These results conclude that morel mushrooms not only control the damage done by Cd, but it could also be used as a protection mechanism for heritable DNA damage.

Abstract Samples of fine structured Cu were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of compacts of Cu nanopowder/micron-sized powder blend with a ratio of 3:7 by weight, and one of the SPSed samples was further processed by hot extrusion. The microstructures of the as-SPSed and the as-extruded samples and the tensile properties and fracture behavior of the as-extruded sample were studied. It was found that the microstructures of the samples consist of a concoction of ultrafine and coarse grains with high dislocation densities ( ~1015 m-2) as a result of microstructural evolution during material processing. Some nanograins were oxidized to form Cu2O particles residing around the coarse grains. Extrusion of the SPSed sample increases its microhardness from 70 HV to 90 HV. The electrical conductivity of the as-extruded sample reaches 87% international annealed copper standard (IACS), and its tensile properties are 200 MPa for yield strength, 218 MPa for ultimate tensile strength and 9% for elongation to fracture. The tensile test specimens from the as-extruded sample exhibit nearly ideal plastic deformation and undergo ductile fracture, suggesting that the fine-grained copper is a highly desirable material for high strength electrical conductors.

Abstract Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a widespread mycotoxin found in food, poses a significant threat to the food industry and production. The primary target of AFB1 is the liver. Probiotic-mediated antitoxicity has been proposed to overcome aflatoxin toxicity. In the present study, to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum SCS2 (L. plantarum SCS2) against HepG2 cells oxidative stress induced by AFB1. HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of AFB1 (0-10 μmol/L) to induce oxidative stress and L. plantarum SCS2 (total protein, 0.4 mg/mL) was pretreated HepG2 for 2 h and then supplemented with AFB1 (10 μmol/L) for 22 h to observe cellular oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, activities and mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes and activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway were measured. The results showed that AFB1 exposure caused oxidative stress in HepG2. Supplementation of L. plantarum SCS2 prevented AFB1-induced HepG2 cells activity decreased and activated antioxidant enzymes activity by inhibiting Nrf2 over expression. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that L. plantarum SCS2 evidently protected against AFB1-induced oxidative stress.

Abstract Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. has important nutritional and medicinal value. Currently, a safe process extraction of reducing sugar from Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. calyx by biological complex enzyme system is seldom investigated. In this experiment, the pectinase and cellulase complex enzyme system was used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. and Box behnken was used to design the experiment. The results showed that there was significant difference in enzymolysis effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L under different conditions (p < 0.05). When the enzymolysis temperature was 45 °C, pH 4.5, and the mass volume ratio of material to liquid was 5g:100ml, the optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology: the addition amount of pectinase and cellulase complex enzyme was 0.011 g/kg, the ratio of mixed enzyme was 1.36:1, the enzymolysis time was 2.09 h, and the reducing sugar content of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L extract was 3.56 mg/ml. The experimental results of reducing sugar content of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L (3.54 ± 0.1mg / ml) were in good agreement with the predicted value of the equation fitted by response surface. The mixed enzyme system of pectinase and cellulase has the advantages of environmental protection and energy saving, which can provide guidance for industrial production.

Abstract LaoXiangHuang (LXH) is a medical pickled fruit made of fresh finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis) in Chaozhou, China. Aging is a process to strengthen the efficacy of Laoxianghuang (LXH), which is related to the activity of microorganisms. In this study, the changes of the microbial community of LXH within the three-years aging process were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). According to alpha diversity results, bacterial abundance and diversity were higher than those of fungi. A total of 3 phyla and 13 bacterial genera were identified whereas 2 phyla and 4 fungal genera were identified. Meta-taxonomic of the overall bacterial communities in samples revealed that Halomonas spp. was the most abundant genus in all samples, which showed the first decresed, and then increased and decreased finally. The followed by Nitriliuptor spp., Nesterenkonia spp., Weissella spp., Notinibacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Nocardiopsis spp., Acinetobacter spp., Ralstonia spp., Lactobacillus spp. and unassigned genus. The unassigned genera (through the whole three-years fermentation period), Ustilago spp., Malassezia spp., Aspergillus spp. and Schizophyllum spp. were the predominant fungal genera. The result of PCOA and T-test analysis exhibited that the samples with different aging times have significant differences and are mainly reflected in Halomonas, unassigned bacterial genera, Nitriliruptor, Nesterenkonia, Weissella, Intestinibacter, Streptococcus and Nocardiopsis, Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, Ralstonia, unassigned fungal genera, Ustilago spp. Malassezia spp. Aspergillus spp. and Schizophyllum spp., which may have important potential in promoting the aging process of LXH. This study helps us to understand the dynamic change of microorganisms of LXH during the aging process and provides a research basis for shortening the aging time of LXH in the future.

Abstract The process from high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection to cervical cancer is a continuous and long-term process, but the pathogenesis of the whole process is not completely clear. Here, 59 Chinese women were engaged in this study, and divided into five groups: normal healthy group, HR-HPV infections group, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL) group, high-SIL(HSIL) group, and cervical cancer group. With the occurrence of HR-HPV infection and the development of cervical lesions, the diversity of vaginal microbiota species was increased, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (L.), the dominant bacteria in maintaining vaginal microecological balance, was decreased gradually. In contrast, the abundance of Actinobacteria in the four disease groups was significantly higher than that in normal group. Furthermore L. iners may be related to the serious progression of cervical cancer. After analyzing the whole process, we found that Gardnerella(G.), Atopobium(A.) and Dialister(D.) have important effects on both persistent HR-HPV infection and the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. In addition, PICRUSt2 and KEGG results showed that the KEGG pathways enriched by the predicted genes of vaginal microbiota in cancer group included metabolic diseases, endocrine system and immune systems when compared with that in normal group. These findings may provide insights into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, and help to improve the early detection and prevention of cervical precancerous lesions.

Abstract It has been determined that Lycium barbarum L. leaves are a vital source of bioactive chemicals and have good potential for creating nutritious formulations. In this work, gavage injections of Lycium barbarum L. leaves flavonoids (LBLF) at various doses – 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg BW – were administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Four main LBLFs (rutin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin) were assessed for stability and antioxidant activity in vivo. The findings demonstrated that within 4 h of the LBLF intervention, the plasma levels of rutin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin were significantly dose-dependent. The rutin content peaked at 762.16 ± 36.63 μg/g at 1 h after the intervention, while the other three peaked at 383.07 ± 3.19 μg/g, 29.44 ± 1.95 μg/g and 18.511 ± 1.99 μg/g, at 3 h after the intervention respectively. Additionally, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly lower, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were all considerably higher than those of the control group. This will establish a basis for elucidating the LBLF metabolic pathway in vivo, additional research into techniques to increase its stability, and investigation into its therapeutic activity.