ABSTRACT Foundation: atherosclerosis is a disease of multifactorial origin that is aggravated as a result of an adverse environment and unhealthy lifestyles. Evidence confirms its onset from the earliest stages of life. Objective: to describe the presence of early atherosclerotic lesions in the aortas of deceased fetuses and neonates born to hypertensive mothers. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out that included fetuses older than 22 weeks and deceased neonates born to hypertensive mothers, who underwent autopsy in the pathological anatomy department of the Eusebio Hernández Pérez Gynecobstetric University Hospital, in the period between January 2021 and December 2022, with a total of 18. The following data were collected in the medical records: sex of the deceased, gestational age at the time of delivery, postpartum weight, maternal age, and history of arterial hypertension (chronic or gestational). The 18 aortas (thoracic and abdominal) of the selected deceased were analyzed. Results: of the total number of deceased studied, 70.6 % presented early atherosclerotic lesions, characterized by thickening of the intima as a cushion, presence of lymphocytes in the intima or in the arterial wall close to it and/or macrophages. In some cases, one of these histological variants was observed and in others a combination of two or three. Conclusions: early atherosclerotic lesions are present in the aortas of the majority of the fetuses and neonates studied, with a predominance in those with gestational hypertension.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la aterosclerosis es una enfermedad de origen multifactorial que se agrava a consecuencia de un medio ambiente adverso y de estilos de vida no saludables. Las evidencias confirman su inicio desde las etapas más tempranas de la vida. Objetivo: describir la presencia de lesiones ateroscleróticas tempranas en las aortas de fetos y neonatos fallecidos hijos de madres hipertensas. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal que incluyó a los fetos mayores de 22 semanas y neonatos fallecidos hijos de madres hipertensas, a quienes se les realizó autopsia en el departamento de anatomía patológica, del Hospital Universitario Ginecobstétrico Eusebio Hernández Pérez, en el período comprendido entre enero del 2021 hasta diciembre 2022, con un total de 18. Se recogieron los siguientes datos en las historias clínicas: sexo del fallecido, edad gestacional en el momento del parto, peso postparto, edad materna y antecedentes de hipertensión arterial (crónica o gestacional). Se analizaron las 18 aortas (torácicas y abdominales) de los fallecidos seleccionados. Resultados: del total de fallecidos estudiados el 70,6 % presentó lesiones ateroscleróticas tempranas, caracterizadas por engrosamiento de la íntima a modo de cojinete, presencia de linfocitos en la íntima o en la pared arterial cercana a ella y/o macrófagos. En algunos casos se observó una de estas variantes histológicas y en otros la combinación de dos o tres. Conclusiones: las lesiones ateroscleróticas tempranas están presentes en las aortas de la mayoría de los fetos y neonatos estudiados, con predominio en las que presentaban hipertensión gestacional.

Resumen: El nitrógeno en el suelo es crucial para la agricultura, pero a menudo es limitante, afectando el rendimiento de los cultivos. La deficiencia requiere fertilizantes sintéticos, pero su uso inadecuado causa daños ambientales y costos elevados. Las bacterias del género Rhizobium, simbiontes de leguminosas, ofrecen una solución al fijar nitrógeno de manera sostenible, reduciendo la dependencia de fertilizantes. Esta investigación determinó el número más probable (NMP) de células de Rhizobium spp. procedente de dos biofertilizantes comerciales de origen ecuatoriano y mexicano en condiciones de invernadero. Para esto, se realizó la inoculación directa con disoluciones seriadas (10-1 a 10-10) en macetas con pomina esterilizada al vapor, donde se germinaron plantas de frijol ejotero (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) de la variedad Blue Lake. A los 45 días después de siembra (DDS) se evaluaron los siguientes indicadores morfológicos: área foliar, peso de la planta en húmedo, altura de planta y número de flores, determinándose diferencias estadísticas entre el tipo de biofertilizante y la concentración de cada dilución. El experimento se adecuó a un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo de parcela dividida con tres repeticiones por dilución, en consideración de las fluctuaciones de temperatura presentes en la zona de estudio. El NMP, al 95% de confianza, fue de 4,45x107 rizobios g-1 de pomina en una dilución 10-5 para el biofertilizante mexicano, y 1,48x105 rizobios g-1 de pomina en una dilución 10-4 para el biofertilizante ecuatoriano. La dilución óptima estimada para ambos productos fue de 10-8.

Abstract: Soil nitrogen is crucial for agriculture, but it is often limited, affecting crop yields. Deficiency requires synthetic fertilizers, but their improper use results in environmental damage and high costs. Bacteria of the genus Rhizobium, symbionts of legumes, offer a sustainable solution by fixing nitrogen, thus reducing dependence on fertilizers. This research determined the most probable number (MPN) of cells of Rhizobium spp. from two commercial biofertilizers of Ecuadorian and Mexican origin under greenhouse conditions. For this, direct inoculation with serial dilutions (10-1 to 10-10) was performed in pots with steam-sterilized pumice where Blue Lake variety snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were germinated. The following morphological indicators were evaluated at 45 days after sowing (DAS): leaf area, plant wet weight, plant height, and number of flowers, determining statistical differences between the type of biofertilizer and the concentration of each dilution. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates per dilution, considering temperature fluctuations in the study area. The MPN at 95% confidence was 4.45x107 rhizobia g-1 of pumice at a 10-5 dilution for the Mexican biofertilizer, and 1.48x105 rhizobia g-1 of pumice at a 10-4 dilution for the Ecuadorian biofertilizer. The estimated optimal dilution for both products was 10-8.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as alterações longitudinais entre dois exames realizados com intervalo de um ano de ressonância magnética (RM) cerebral em bebês sintomáticos com síndrome congênita pelo ZIKA vírus (SCZ) e normocefálicos com exposição prenatal ao Zika vírus (ZIKV). Materiais e Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional prospectivo. Os bebês expostos ao ZIKV durante a gestação foram classificados em dois grupos: crianças sintomáticas com SCZ e crianças sem SCZ com PCR-RT materno positivo. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a exames de RM cerebral na apresentação e após um ano de acompanhamento, com avaliação independente por um radiologista pediátrico e um neurorradiologista pediátrico, além do acompanhmento clínico por neurologista pediátrico. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 36 bebês com exposição perinatal ao ZIKV e a análise de 72 exames de RM. Desses 36 bebês, 25 (69,4%) apresentavam SCZ e 18 desses 25 com combinação de achados clássicos (volume cerebral reduzido, calcificações subcorticais, hipoplasia do tronco cerebral, malformações do corpo caloso e do desenvolvimento cortical, ventriculomegalia e outros) e achados atípicos como focos hiperintensos no T2 na substância branca, sendo 7/25 com lesões discretas. Dos 11 pacientes normocefálicos, 5/36 (13,9%) apresentavam achados atípicos como focos hiperintensos no T2 na substância branca e sem outras manifestações da SCZ, porém afetados leve neurologicamente, e um 6/36 (16,6%) casos com RM completamente normal, sem alteração neurológica. Nenhuma progressão da doença foi observada durante o acompanhamento. Conclusão: A frequência de achados clássicos e atípicos na RM na infecção congênita por ZIKV está associada ao estado neurológico. A RM é uma ferramenta diagnóstica importante na avaliação e no acompanhamento de pacientes com infecção congênita, pois outros achados intracranianos podem ocorrer além da microcefalia. Objetivo (RM (SCZ ZIKV. . (ZIKV) Métodos prospectivo grupos PCRRT PCR RT positivo Resultados 3 7 2 69,4% 694 69 4 (69,4% 1 volume reduzido subcorticais cortical T 725 7/2 discretas 536 5 5/3 13,9% 139 13 9 (13,9% neurologicamente 636 6 6/3 16,6% 166 16 (16,6% normal neurológica Conclusão neurológico microcefalia (ZIKV 69,4 (69,4 7/ 53 5/ 13,9 (13,9 63 6/ 16,6 (16,6 69, (69, 13, (13, 16, (16, (69 (13 (16 (6 (1 (

Abstract Objective: To analyze longitudinal changes between two brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams performed one year apart in symptomatic infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and normocephalic infants exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) prenatally. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Infants born to women who tested positive for ZIKV on reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction during pregnancy were classified into two groups: symptomatic infants with CZS and asymptomatic infants. All of the infants underwent brain MRI at presentation and after one year of follow-up. All MRI scans were evaluated independently by a pediatric radiologist and a pediatric neuroradiologist, and the infants underwent clinical monitoring by a pediatric neurologist. Results: The sample included 36 infants exposed to ZIKV perinatally. Therefore, a total of 72 MRI scans were evaluated. Among the 36 infants included a diagnosis of CZS was made in 25 (69.4%), of whom 18 presented with a combination of classic findings (including reduced brain volume, subcortical calcifications, brainstem hypoplasia, malformations of the corpus callosum, malformations of cortical development, and ventriculomegaly), as well as atypical findings such as hyperintense foci in the white matter on T2-weighted sequences. Of those same 25 infants, seven presented with mild lesions. Of the 11 normocephalic patients, five (13.9%) had atypical findings such as hyperintense foci in the white matter on T2-weighted sequences and no other manifestations of CZS, although there was mild neurological involvement. Six (16.6%) of the 36 patients had completely normal MRI scans with no neurological changes. No disease progression was observed during follow-up. Conclusion: In infants exposed to ZIKV perinatally, the frequency of classic and atypical findings on brain MRI seems to be associated with the neurological status. Brain MRI is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with congenital infection, because intracranial changes other than microcephaly can occur. Objective (MRI (CZS (ZIKV prenatally Methods study transcriptionquantitative transcription quantitative groups followup. followup follow up. up follow-up neuroradiologist neurologist Results 3 perinatally Therefore 7 2 69.4%, 694 69.4% , 69 4 (69.4%) 1 including volume calcifications hypoplasia callosum development ventriculomegaly, ventriculomegaly ventriculomegaly) T2weighted Tweighted T2 weighted T lesions 13.9% 139 13 9 (13.9% involvement 16.6% 166 16 6 (16.6% Conclusion status infection occur 69.4 (69.4% 13.9 (13.9 16.6 (16.6 69. (69.4 13. (13. 16. (16. (69. (13 (16 (69 (1 (6 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da aromaterapia (via inalatória e cutânea) com os óleos essenciais de lavanda, laranja doce e bergamota na sobrecarga e na fadiga dos cuidadores. Método: Estudo piloto, quase experimental, aleatorizado, não cego e paralelo com dois grupos. Utilizaram-se as escalas de Zarit Burden Interview reduzida e Piper Revisada, comparando o efeito de duas vias de administração. Foram respeitadas as recomendações do Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. Amostra final com 23 cuidadores de idosos atendidos pelo Programa de Atenção Domiciliária de um Hospital Universitário, na cidade de São Paulo, entre maio e setembro de 2021. Para a análise do desfecho pós-21 dias utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon, para comparação dos efeitos, o modelo linear e para a variável tempo de fadiga percebida, o Cumulative Link Mixed Model. Nível de significância adotado foi 5%. Resultados: As percepções temporais de fadiga reduziram ao longo do estudo para os grupos, no entanto, não houve diminuição de sobrecarga ou fadiga, independentemente do momento e grupos. Conclusão: Observaram-se atenuações de sobrecarga e fadiga no grupo inalatório, sem significância estatística. Objetivo via cutânea lavanda Método piloto experimental aleatorizado grupos Utilizaramse Utilizaram se Revisada administração Trials 2 Universitário Paulo 2021 pós21 pós 21 pós-2 utilizouse utilizou Wilcoxon efeitos percebida Model 5 5% Resultados entanto Conclusão Observaramse Observaram inalatório estatística 202 pós2 pós- 20

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the effect of aromatherapy (inhaled or via the skin) with lavender, sweet orange and bergamot essential oils on caregivers’ overload and fatigue. Method: Pilot, quasi-experimental, randomized, non-blind and parallel study with two groups. The reduced Zarit Burden Interview and Revised Piper scales were used, comparing the effect of two routes of administration. The recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials were respected. Final sample with 23 caregivers of elderly people cared for by the Home Care Program of a University Hospital, in the city of São Paulo, between May and September 2021. To analyze the outcome after 21 days, the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the effects. For the linear model, and for the variable perceived duration of fatigue, the Cumulative Link Mixed Model was used. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Temporal perceptions of fatigue were reduced throughout the study for the groups. However, there was no decrease in overload or fatigue, regardless of the moment and groups. Conclusion: Overload and fatigue were reduced in the group that received the treatment through inhalation, showing no statistical significance. Objective inhaled skin lavender Method Pilot quasiexperimental, quasiexperimental quasi experimental, experimental quasi-experimental randomized nonblind non blind groups administration respected 2 Hospital Paulo 2021 days effects model 5 5% Results However Conclusion inhalation 202 20

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar el efecto de la aromaterapia (inhalativa y dérmica) con aceites essenciales de lavanda, naranja dulce y bergamota sobre la fatiga y la sobrecarga de los cuidadores. Método: Estudio piloto, cuasi experimental, aleatorizado, no ciego y paralelo con dos grupos. Se utilizaron la escala reducida de la Zarit Burden Interview y el Revised Piper, comparando el efecto de dos vías de administración. Se respetaron las recomendaciones de las Normas Consolidadas de Informes de Ensayos. Muestra final con 23 cuidadores de personas mayores atendidas en el Programa de Atención Domiciliaria de un Hospital Universitario, en la ciudad de São Paulo, entre mayo y septiembre de 2021. Para analizar el resultado, a los 21 días se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Para comparar los efectos del modelo lineal y para la variable tiempo de fatiga percibida se utilizó al Modelo Mixto de Enlace Acumulativo. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue del 5%. Resultados: Las percepciones temporales de fatiga se redujeron a lo largo del estudio para los grupos. Sin embargo, no hubo disminución en la sobrecarga o la fatiga, independientemente del momento y de los grupos. Conclusión: Se observaron atenuaciones de sobrecarga y fatiga en el grupo de inhalación, sin significancia estadística. Objetivo inhalativa dérmica lavanda Método piloto experimental aleatorizado grupos Piper administración Ensayos 2 Universitario Paulo 2021 resultado Wilcoxon Acumulativo 5 5% Resultados embargo Conclusión inhalación estadística 202 20

Resumen Introducción: los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) suponen un reto terapéutico. Objetivo: describir la asistencia a los TCA desde la perspectiva de las unidades de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética (UNCyD) en relación con los recursos humanos y asistenciales, las actividades realizadas y la satisfacción con la atención en España; recoger demandas de los profesionales para mejorar la asistencia. Métodos: estudio transversal y observacional a partir de un cuestionario remitido online a socios de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo (SENPE) y al Área de Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN). Los datos se analizaron según las camas de los hospitales encuestados (< 500/≥ 500). Resultados: 23 respuestas de 8 comunidades autónomas. En el 87 % de las UNCyD se prestaba atención a los TCA; el 65,2 % contaban con un proceso específico; el 91,3 % colaboraban con Psiquiatría; el 34,8 % tenían área propia de hospitalización; el 56,5 % disponían de hospital de día pero participaban en él el 21,7 %; el 39,1 % tenían consulta monográfica; se realizaba educación nutricional en el 87 %, sobre todo por enfermería; se prescribían frecuentemente dietas individualizadas y suplementos orales en el 39,1 y el 56,5 %, respectivamente; solo los hospitales más grandes participaban en investigación sobre TCA (62,5 %); y el 21,7 % colaboraban con asociaciones de pacientes. Los hospitales con ≥ 500 camas disponían de más recursos y estaban más satisfechos. Los profesionales demandaban recursos y procesos consensuados con Psiquiatría. Conclusiones: los recursos y las prácticas asistenciales son dispares en las UNCyD encuestadas, así como la colaboración multidisciplinar. La evidencia recogida permite diseñar estrategias de mejora en este ámbito.

Abstract Introduction: eating disorders (EDs) entail a therapeutic challenge. Objective: to describe ED care from the perspective of Nutrition Units (NU) in relation to human and care resources, the activities carried out, and satisfaction with care in Spain; to collect demands from professionals to improve assistance. Methods: a cross-sectional, observational study based on a questionnaire sent online to members of the Spanish Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (SENPE) and to the Nutrition Area of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN). The data were analyzed according to number of beds of the hospitals surveyed (< 500/≥ 500). Results: 23 responses from 8 autonomous communities. In 87 % of NUs care was given to eating disorders; 65.2 % had a specific process; 91.3 % collaborated with Psychiatry; 34.8 % had their own hospitalization area; 56.5 % had a day hospital, but 21.7 % participated in it; 39.1 % had a monographic consultation office; nutritional education was carried out in 87 %, especially by nursing; individualized diets and oral supplements were frequently prescribed in 39.1 % and 56.5 %, respectively; only the largest hospitals participated in research on EDs (62.5 %), and 21.7 % collaborated with patient associations. Hospitals with ≥ 500 beds had more resources and were more satisfied. Professionals demanded resources and processes agreed with Psychiatry. Conclusions: resources and care practices are uneven in the NUs surveyed, as well as multidisciplinary collaboration. The collected evidence allows us to design improvement strategies in this area.

Abstract We evaluated the genetic diversity, coancestry and heritability of an E. benthamii trial. The 115 individuals were genotyped (13 SSR) and had their height and diameter at breast height (dbh) measured. Heritability was estimated using the RR-BLUP and the pairwise kinship coefficient method. An average of nine alleles per locus was observed. The expected heterozygosity (0.655) was similar to the observed heterozygosity, with the estimated inbreeding (0.02) being low. The group coancestry (0.051) demonstrates that the trees are related to some degree. The trees were clustered in five groups using the Evanno’s method. The average kinship within each group ranges from 0.042 to 0.082. The heritability estimated by RR-BLUP was low. The heritability estimated using the kinship coefficients is moderate, reaching estimated genetic gains of 14% for dbh. After knowing how genetic groups are distributed within the population, strategies for collecting, conserving, and using these germplasm resources can be performed. diversity E trial 11 13 (1 SSR dbh (dbh measured RRBLUP RR BLUP method 0.655 0655 0 655 (0.655 0.02 002 02 (0.02 low 0.051 0051 051 (0.051 degree Evannos Evanno s 0042 042 0.04 0082 082 0.082 moderate 14 population collecting conserving performed 1 ( 0.65 065 65 (0.65 0.0 00 (0.0 0.05 005 05 (0.05 004 04 008 08 0.08 0.6 06 6 (0.6 0. (0. (0

Resumo Introdução O câncer de mama (CM) é um problema de saúde pública em razão da incidência e mortalidade elevadas, com possibilidade de prevenção e detecção precoce e consequente melhoria do prognóstico mediante ações da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Objetivo Investigar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas (CAP) dos profissionais da ESF sobre o controle do CM preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e sua associação com características sociodemográficas e de formação. Método Estudo transversal com médicos e enfermeiros da ESF de Juiz de Fora (MG), utilizando questionário estruturado autoaplicável, em 2019. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nível de significância 5%. Resultados Foram pesquisados 170 profissionais (93,0%), com predomínio do sexo feminino (74,1%), faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos (47,9%) e tempo de graduação maior que 20 anos (45,8%). Os CAP adequados foram respectivamente de 75,6%, 61,8% e 78,4%. Profissionais mais jovens tiveram conhecimento mais adequado, e os com maior tempo de graduação, melhores práticas. Conclusão O estudo averiguou importantes lacunas no processo de educação permanente dos profissionais da ESF, resultando em limites para o controle do CM. Tal avaliação possibilita ações de saúde mais direcionadas e melhor planejamento para o enfrentamento do CM. (CM elevadas ESF. . (ESF) conhecimentos (CAP formação MG, MG , (MG) autoaplicável 2019 descritiva quiquadrado qui quadrado Fisher 5 5% 17 93,0%, 930 93,0% 93 0 (93,0%) 74,1%, 741 74,1% 74 1 (74,1%) 3 4 47,9% 479 47 9 (47,9% 2 45,8%. 458 45,8% 45 8 (45,8%) 756 75 6 75,6% 618 61 61,8 784 78 78,4% adequado (ESF (MG 201 93,0 (93,0% 74,1 7 (74,1% 47,9 (47,9 45,8 (45,8% 75,6 61, 78,4 93, (93,0 74, (74,1 47, (47, 45, (45,8 75, 78, (93, (74, (47 (45, (93 (74 (4 (45 (9 (7 (

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is a public health problem due to its incidence and mortality, with the possibility of prevention and early detection and consequent improvement of the prognosis through the actions of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Objective Investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (CAP) of FHS professionals on actions to control BC recommended by the Ministry of Health and their association with sociodemographic and training characteristics. Method Cross-sectional study with doctors and nurses from the FHS of Juiz de for a (MG, Brazil), using a self-administered structured questionnaire, in 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 170 professionals (93.0%) were surveyed, with a predominance of females (74.1%), aged 30 to 49 years (47.9%), and undergraduates older than 20 years (45.8%). Adequate CAP was 75.6%, 61.8%, and 78.4%, respectively. They had more adequate knowledge, younger professionals with better practices, and professionals with more time since graduation. Conclusion The study found important gaps in the process of continuing education for FHS professionals, resulting in a possible obstacle to better control of CM. The evaluation enables targeted health actions and better planning to face the CM. (BC mortality FHS. . (FHS) knowledge attitudes (CAP characteristics Crosssectional Cross sectional MG, MG (MG Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) selfadministered self administered questionnaire 2019 statistics chisquare chi square test Fishers Fisher s 5 5% 17 93.0% 930 93 0 (93.0% surveyed 74.1%, 741 74.1% 74 1 (74.1%) 3 4 47.9%, 479 47.9% 47 9 (47.9%) 2 45.8%. 458 45.8% 45 8 (45.8%) 756 75 6 75.6% 618 61 61.8% 784 78 78.4% respectively graduation CM (FHS 201 93.0 (93.0 74.1 7 (74.1% 47.9 (47.9% 45.8 (45.8% 75.6 61.8 78.4 93. (93. 74. (74.1 47. (47.9 45. (45.8 75. 61. 78. (93 (74. (47. (45. (9 (74 (47 (45 ( (7 (4

Abstract Broccoli is one of the most economically important vegetables in Mexico, and one of the diseases that reduces its yield and quality is head rot, which has been associated with different phytopathogens. The objective of this study was to morphologically and molecularly identify the causal agents of head rot in broccoli cultivation in Mexico. Florets with rot symptoms were collected in different municipalities of the state of Guanajuato (León, San Francisco del Rincón, Valle de Santiago, Abasolo, Juventino Rosas and Dolores Hidalgo). The isolates obtained were identified based on their cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics (by PCR-ITS) as Alternaria alternata (AA), Fusarium oxysporum (FO) and Fusarium verticillioides (FV). The pathogenicity of these fungal species was corroborated by Koch's postulates. The fungal isolation frequency was 55, 26 and 19 % for AA, FV and FO, respectively, of the total samples analyzed. The sequence obtained from a representative isolate of each fungus was compared with those reported in the NCBI gene bank, where the highest similarity percentages were 99.6, 98.9 and 98.2 % for FO, FV and AA, respectively, thus confirming the morphological identification results. This is the second report of the presence of AA and FO associated with broccoli head rot in Mexico, and the first report of FV as part of the complex of causal agents of this disease.

Resumen El brócoli es una de las hortalizas de mayor importancia económica en México, y una de las enfermedades que reduce su rendimiento y calidad es la pudrición del florete, la cual se ha asociado a diferentes fitopatógenos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar morfológica y molecularmente a los agentes causales de la pudrición del florete en el cultivo de brócoli en México. Se colectaron floretes con síntomas de pudrición en diferentes municipios del estado de Guanajuato (León, San Francisco del Rincón, Valle de Santiago, Abasolo, Juventino Rosas y Dolores Hidalgo). Los aislados obtenidos se identificaron con base en sus características culturales, morfológicas y moleculares (mediante PCR-ITS) como Alternaria alternata (AA), Fusarium oxysporum (FO) y Fusarium verticillioides (FV). La patogenicidad de estas especies fúngicas se corroboró mediante los postulados de Koch. La frecuencia de aislamiento de los hongos fue de 55, 26 y 19 % para AA, FV y FO, respectivamente, del total de muestras analizadas. La secuencia obtenida de un aislado representativo de cada hongo se comparó con las reportadas en el banco de genes del NCBI, donde los mayores porcentajes de similitud fueron 99.6, 98.9 y 98.2 % para FO, FV y AA, respectivamente, con lo cual se confirmaron los resultados de la identificación morfológica. Este es el segundo reporte de la presencia de AA y FO asociados a la pudrición del florete de brócoli en México, y el primer reporte de FV como parte del complejo de agentes causales de esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Different environmental hazards associated with water converge in Santiago de Cuba, which constitutes a permanent threat to human life and to the socioeconomic development of the province (heavy rains, floods, tropical cyclones, among others). Its study in terms of disaster reduction is a priority for the Cuban State. Objective: Doing a group of research and development actions in order to assess the hazard, vulnerability and risk caused by water in nature, and in water supply systems of Santiago de Cuba province, in the face of the impact of environmental phenomena. Methods. Investigations of a multidisciplinary group structured in three parts are integrated: Studies of hazard, vulnerability and risks (HVR) in water systems of Santiago de Cuba; studies of HVR in watersheds and vulnerability behavior due to the impact of capillarity humidity in buildings from the historical center of Santiago de Cuba city. Results. Tools and solutions to strengthen forecasting and early warning systems for the population and institutions involved. Design of a new procedure for risk management based on the theory of processes, vulnerability studies in water supply systems, and water as a phenomenon of capillarity humidity in buildings. Watersheds diagnostics and flood modeling; the monthly rainfall series for the province was updated, as well as the design of professional software for early warning of extreme hydrometeorological events and community actions to improve risk culture.

RESUMEN Introducción. En Santiago de Cuba convergen distintos peligros ambientales asociados al agua que constituyen una amenaza permanente a la vida humana y al desarrollo socioeconómico de la provincia (intensas lluvias, inundaciones, ciclones tropicales, entre otros.). Su estudio en función de la reducción de desastres constituye una prioridad para el Estado cubano. Con el objetivo de realizar un conjunto de acciones de investigación y desarrollo encaminadas a determinar el peligro, la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo que causa el agua tanto en la naturaleza, como en las obras de infraestructura de la provincia Santiago de Cuba, ante el posible impacto de distintos fenómenos ambientales. Métodos. Se integran investigaciones de un grupo multidisciplinario estructurado en 3 partes: Estudios de peligro, vulnerabilidad y riesgos (PVR) en obras hidráulicas de Santiago de Cuba; estudios de PVR en cuencas hidrográficas de Santiago de Cuba y comportamiento espacial de la vulnerabilidad por el impacto de la humedad por capilaridad en edificaciones del centro histórico de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba. Resultados. Herramientas y soluciones para fortalecer los sistemas de pronóstico y alerta temprana a la población e instituciones involucradas. Diseño de un nuevo procedimiento para la gestión de riesgos basado en la teoría de procesos, estudios de vulnerabilidad en obras hidráulicas y el agua como fenómeno de humedad capilar en las construcciones. Diagnósticos en cuencas hidrográficas y modelaciones de inundaciones; se actualizó la serie de precipitaciones mensuales de la provincia, así como diseño de software profesionales para la alerta temprana ante el impacto de eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos y acciones comunitarias para mejorar la cultura de riesgos.

Resumo O estudo objetivou investigar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre o controle do câncer do colo do útero (CCU) recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Trata-se de estudo transversal, que utilizou questionário autoaplicável junto aos médicos e enfermeiros da ESF de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, em 2019. Para a análise, empregou-se os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nível de significância 5%. Entre os 170 pesquisados, o que correspondeu a 93% dos profissionais da ESF no município, a prevalência de conhecimento adequado foi de 39,4% e teve associação com idade mais jovem e sexo feminino. A prevalência de atitude adequada foi de 59.5%, e de práticas adequadas 77,6%, ambos associados a maior tempo de graduação. A presença das diretrizes do MS nas unidades associou-se aos desfechos conhecimento e prática adequada, ratificando a importância de material de apoio para consulta dos profissionais. Apenas 28,2% dos profissionais relataram ter recebido capacitação nos últimos três anos e 50,3% realizaram ações educativas para as usuárias. Destaca-se necessidade de ações de educação permanente junto aos profissionais, visando uma atuação mais efetiva para o enfrentamento e erradicação do CCU.

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of professionals of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) on the control of uterine cervical cancer (CCU) recommended by the Ministry of Health (MS). This is a cross-sectional study, which used a self-administered questionnaire with the doctors and nurses of the FHS of Juiz de Fora, MG, in 2019. For analysis, the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used, 5% level of significance. Among the 170 surveyed, which corresponded to 93% of FHS professionals in the city, the prevalence of adequate knowledge was 39.4% and had association with younger age and female gender. The prevalence of an adequate attitude was 59.5% and of appropriate practices 77.6%, both associated with a longer time since graduation. The presence of the Ministry of Health guidelines in the units was associated with the outcomes, knowledge and adequate practice, confirming the importance of support material for consultation by professionals. Only 28.2% of professionals reported having received training in the last 3 years and 50.3% carried out educational actions for users. The need for permanent education actions with professionals is highlighted, aiming at a more effective action to confront and eradicate CCU.

Resumo O estudo objetivou investigar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre o controle do câncer do colo do útero (CCU) recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Trata-se de estudo transversal, que utilizou questionário autoaplicável junto aos médicos e enfermeiros da ESF de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, em 2019. Para a análise, empregou-se os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nível de significância 5%. Entre os 170 pesquisados, o que correspondeu a 93% dos profissionais da ESF no município, a prevalência de conhecimento adequado foi de 39,4% e teve associação com idade mais jovem e sexo feminino. A prevalência de atitude adequada foi de 59.5%, e de práticas adequadas 77,6%, ambos associados a maior tempo de graduação. A presença das diretrizes do MS nas unidades associou-se aos desfechos conhecimento e prática adequada, ratificando a importância de material de apoio para consulta dos profissionais. Apenas 28,2% dos profissionais relataram ter recebido capacitação nos últimos três anos e 50,3% realizaram ações educativas para as usuárias. Destaca-se necessidade de ações de educação permanente junto aos profissionais, visando uma atuação mais efetiva para o enfrentamento e erradicação do CCU.

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of professionals of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) on the control of uterine cervical cancer (CCU) recommended by the Ministry of Health (MS). This is a cross-sectional study, which used a self-administered questionnaire with the doctors and nurses of the FHS of Juiz de Fora, MG, in 2019. For analysis, the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used, 5% level of significance. Among the 170 surveyed, which corresponded to 93% of FHS professionals in the city, the prevalence of adequate knowledge was 39.4% and had association with younger age and female gender. The prevalence of an adequate attitude was 59.5% and of appropriate practices 77.6%, both associated with a longer time since graduation. The presence of the Ministry of Health guidelines in the units was associated with the outcomes, knowledge and adequate practice, confirming the importance of support material for consultation by professionals. Only 28.2% of professionals reported having received training in the last 3 years and 50.3% carried out educational actions for users. The need for permanent education actions with professionals is highlighted, aiming at a more effective action to confront and eradicate CCU.

Resumen Introducción. La infección por el HIV-1 induce un estado de inflamación crónico en el que participan los inflamasomas. El incremento de los parámetros inflamatorios es mayor en individuos con replicación viral activa que en aquellos con control de la replicación viral. Este proceso desencadena alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas con cambios en el perfil lipídico, lo cual podría incrementar el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares, incluso en pacientes con terapia antirretroviral. Objetivo. Establecer si existe correlación entre la expresión de los componentes de los inflamasomas y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en individuos con control de la replicación viral y en aquellos con replicación viral activa con terapia antirretroviral o sin ella. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 13 individuos con control de la replicación viral y 40 con replicación viral activa (19 sin terapia antirretroviral y 31 con terapia). Se evaluaron los marcadores clásicos de riesgo cardiovascular y se cuantificó mediante RT-PCR la expresión de los componentes de los inflamasomas (NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18 y caspasa-1), TLR2, TLR4, TGF-β e IL-10. Resultados. Se observó que los pacientes con replicación viral activa y con terapia antirretroviral presentaron un incremento en la expresión de TLR2, TLR4 e IL-18, comparados con los controladores del HIV-1. Además, mostraron grandes valores de triglicéridos y lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (Very Low Density Lipopretein, VLDL), lo que se correlaciona positivamente con la expresión de los componentes de los inflamasomas NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, ASC y caspasa-1. Conclusión. El aumento en la expresión de los componentes de los inflamasomas en los individuos con replicación viral activa y con terapia antirretroviral se correlacionó con las concentraciones de triglicéridos y VLDL, lo que sugiere el papel de la activación inmunitaria y la terapia antirretroviral en el riesgo cardiovascular.

Abstract Introduction: HIV-1 infection induces a chronic inflammatory state in which inflammasomes participate. The increase in inflammatory parameters is higher in individuals with active viral replication (progressors) than in those with viral control (HIV-1 controllers). This process triggers metabolic alterations related to changes in the lipid profile, which could increase the risk of cardiovascular events, even in patients with antiretroviral therapy. Objective: To establish whether there was a correlation between the expression of inflammasome components and cardiovascular risk markers in HIV-1 controllers and progressors with or without antiretroviral therapy. Materials and methods: We studied 13 HIV-1 controllers and 40 progressors (19 without antiretroviral therapy and 31 with therapy) and evaluated in them classic markers of cardiovascular risk. Using RT-PCR we quantified the expression of inflammasome components (NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1), TLR2, TLR4, TGF-β, and IL-10. Results: Progressors with antiretroviral therapy had an increased expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IL-18 compared to HIV-1 controllers. They also showed high levels of triglycerides and VLDL, which positively correlated with the expression of the inflammasome components NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1. Conclusion: Progressors receiving antiretroviral therapy exhibited an increased expression of the inflammasome components, which correlated with the levels of triglycerides and VLDL. This supports the role of inflammation in cardiovascular risk during HIV-1 infection.