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Conservation of minimally processed pinhão using chitosan and gelatin coatings
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Carrasco, Pérsia Barcellos

; de Oliveira, Viviane Souza

; Paz Gonçalvez, Glória Caroline

; Gandra, Eliezer Avila

; Mendonça, Carla Rosane Barboza

; Borges, Caroline Dellinghausen

Brazilian Journal of Food Technology

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e2021095

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O processamento mínimo do pinhão ocasiona aumento na perda de massa, deterioração fisiológica e crescimento de microrganismos. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a conservação de pinhão minimamente processado usando revestimentos de quitosana e gelatina. Os pinhões foram minimamente processados e revestidos com quitosana, gelatina e quitosana/gelatina, pela técnica camada sobre camada. Em seguida, foram secos sob ventilação forçada, acondicionados em embalagem de polietileno tereftalato e estocados a 4 °C por 10 dias. Foram realizadas análises de perda de massa, pH, açúcares redutores, vitamina C e cor, além de análises microbiológicas e análise sensorial. Benefícios foram observados com o uso dos revestimentos de quitosana e gelatina, especialmente quando aplicados pela técnica camada sobre camada. A melhor combinação de resultados foi obtida com a aplicação do revestimento quitosana/gelatina, que possibilitou a redução da perda de massa e do crescimento de fungos e bactérias psicrotróficas aeróbias. O revestimento não retardou o processo de maturação e, consequentemente, maiores teores de vitamina C foram obtidos. Os revestimentos não influenciaram o sabor e o aroma dos pinhões minimamente processados. O processamento mínimo pode incentivar o consumo da semente e, além disso, a conservação, utilizando revestimento comestível à base de quitosana/gelatina pela técnica layer-by-layer, associado à refrigeração, ampliou a vida útil das sementes.

Abstract The minimal processing of pinhão causes an increase in mass loss, physiological deterioration and the growth of microorganisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the conservation of minimally processed pinhão using edible chitosan and gelatin coatings. The pinhões were minimally processed and coated with chitosan, gelatin and chitosan/gelatin using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. They were then dried under forced ventilation, packaged in a polyethylene terephthalate package and stored at 4 °C for 10 days. The analyses performed were weight loss, pH, reducing sugars, vitamin C, color, microbiological analysis and sensory analysis. Benefits were observed with the use of chitosan and gelatin coatings, especially when applied using the LbL technique. The best combination of results was obtained with the application of the chitosan/gelatin coating, mainly reduction of weight loss and inhibition of growth of fungi and aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria. The coating did not retard the maturation process, thus, higher vitamin C contents were obtained. The coatings did not influence the taste and aroma of minimally processed pinhão. Minimal processing can encourage the consumption of seeds, besides this, the conservation using edible coating based on chitosan/gelatin, applied with the LbL technique associated with refrigeration, extended their shelf life.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.09521

Construcción de subjetividad trans a partir de la ocupación entendida como hacer, ser y llegar a ser
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Gómez-Antilef, Bárbara Francisca

; Heise-Barrera, Camila Alejandra

; Muñoz-Vidal, Gloria Andrea

; Velásquez-Bórquez, Genesis Estefanía

; Verdugo-Álvarez, Valeria Nicol

; Carrasco-Madariaga, Jimena Soledad

Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional

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jun 2020, Volume 28 N. 2 Pages 419 - 435

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Introdução Esta pesquisa investiga a influência do sistema binário de gênero na construção do sujeito trans desde a perspectiva do fazer e as potencialidades do tornar-se a ser, no contexto sociocultural e político chileno, enfocando as experiências dos participantes através do resgate de História Ocupacional. Objetivos Analisar a construção do sujeito trans através do fazer, ser e tornar-se, com base em suas narrativas e em relação à estrutura social chilena em que atuam, visualizando a influência em seus estados de saúde. Método Em uma perspectiva qualitativa, com foco no conhecimento situado, foi utilizada a metodologia de produção de narrativa e técnicas descontínuas com múltiplas vozes. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas individuais e um grupo focal. Resultados O processo de trânsito é apresentado como um continuum ocupacional, identificando a performatividade de gênero através da ocupação, bem como transformações corporais na construção da subjetividade. Além disso, é identificado um contexto sociocultural e político que viola os direitos, com impacto na saúde e no envolvimento em ocupações coletivas. Conclusões A ocupação é apresentada como um elemento reprodutor do sistema binário sexo-gênero, no entanto, também pode ser entendida como uma ferramenta de emancipação, na medida em que permite transgredi-la. Nesse sentido, interpela-se a Terapia Ocupacional a promover ocupações coletivas que aumentem a capacidade de agência de sujeitos abjetos, determinando estados de saúde favoráveis.

Abstract Introduction This research inquires the influence of the binary gender system on the construction of the trans subject from the perspective of Doing and the potential of becoming, in the Chilean socio-cultural and political context, focusing on the experiences of the participants through the rescue of history occupational. Objectives Analyze the construction of the trans subject through doing, being and becoming based on their narratives, the Chilean social structure in which they develop, visualizing the influence on their health states. Method From a qualitative perspective with focus on situated knowledge, the methodology of narrative productions and discontinuous techniques is used to multiple voices. The information was collected through individual interviews and a focus group. Results The transit process is presented as an occupational continuum, identifying the performativization of gender through occupation, such as bodily transformations, in the construction of subjectivity. In addition, a sociocultural and political context that violates rights is identified, which impacts on health and participation in collective occupations. Conclusions Occupation is presented as a reproductive element of the binary sex-gender system, however, it can also be understood as a tool of emancipation insofar as it transgresses it. In this sense, Occupational Therapy is called upon to promote collective occupations that enhance the capacity of agency of abject subjects, determining favorable health states.

Resumen Introducción Esta investigación indaga la influencia del sistema binario de género en la construcción del sujeto trans desde la perspectiva del Hacer y las potencialidades de Llegar a Ser, en el contexto sociocultural y político chileno, centrándose en las experiencias de los participantes mediante el rescate de la historia ocupacional. Objetivos Analizar la construcción del sujeto trans a través del hacer, ser y llegar a ser en base a sus narrativas y en relación a la estructura social chilena en la cual se desenvuelven, visualizando la influencia en sus estados de salud. Metodo Desde una perspectiva cualitativa con enfoque de conocimientos situados, se utiliza la metodología de producciones narrativas y técnicas discontinuas a múltiples voces. La información fue recolectada mediante entrevistas individuales y un grupo focal. Resultados El proceso de tránsito se presenta como un continuo ocupacional, identificando la performatividad del género mediante la ocupación, así como las transformaciones corporales en la construcción de subjetividad. Además se identifica un contexto sociocultural y político que vulnera derechos, lo cual impacta en la salud y el involucramiento en ocupaciones colectivas. Conclusiones La ocupación se presenta como un elemento reproductor del sistema binario de sexo-género, no obstante, también puede ser entendida como una herramienta de emancipación en la medida que permite transgredirla. En este sentido, se interpela a la Terapia Ocupacional a promover ocupaciones colectivas que potencien la capacidad de agencia de sujetos abyectos, determinando estados de salud favorables.

https://doi.org/10.4322/2526-8910.ctoao1960 1106 downloads

Orientaciones éticas para la toma de decisiones médicas en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Chile
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Valera, Luca

; Carrasco, María Alejandra

; López, Rodrigo

; Ramos, Paulina

; von Bernhardi, Rommy

; Bedregal, Paula

; Florenzano, Alejandra

; Pérez, Iván

; Olivares, Patricia

; Vargas, Ivonne

; González, Ximena

; López, Paulo

; Durán, Gloria

; Richards, Constanza

; Castro, Ricardo

Revista médica de Chile

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mar 2020, Volume 148 N. 3 Pages 393 - 398

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The catastrophic emergency experienced by many countries with the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of bioethics for decision-making, both at the public health (equitable and effective policies) and at the clinical level. At the clinical level, the issues are the fulfillment of medical care demand with adequate health care teams, infrastructure, and supplies, and to cover critical care demands that surpass the available resources. Therefore, ethically correct approaches are required for the allocation of life sustaining resources. There are recommendations for the allocating life support during disasters based on multiple considerations, including ethical ones. However, the ethical criteria of existing guidelines are variable. Ethical principles usually considered are saving the greatest number of lives, saving the greatest number of years of life and the principle of the life cycle or the goal to give each individual equal opportunity to live through the various phases of life. However, the centrality of the human being and the search for the common good should be considered. Knowledge of public perspectives and moral benchmarks on these issues is essential. A successful assignment effort will require everyone's trust and cooperation. Decision making should be planned and discussed in advance, since in-depth deliberation will be extremely complex during the disaster. Our goal is to help the health care teams to wisely allocate resources in shortage periods.

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Significados Atribuidos a la Convivencia Escolar por Equipos Directivos, Docentes y Otros Profesionales de Escuelas Chilenas
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Ascorra, Paula

; López, Verónica

; Carrasco-Aguilar, Claudia

; Pizarro, Ignacio

; Cuadros, Olga

; Núñez, Carmen Gloria

Psykhe (Santiago)

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may 2018, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 1 - 12

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT: designed upon the basis of different logical perspectives. The aim of this study was to understand the meanings that schools ascribe to the construct of SC, based on the assumption that their views will guide their actions and make intelligible their SC interventions. A qualitative methodology was employed. Active group and individual interviews were conducted with management teams, teachers, and other school professionals from 6 purposively selected municipal schools with high SC scores and good academic achievement as assessed by the national SIMCE test. Results reveal that 4 meanings are ascribed to SC: medical, accountability, socio-affective, and disciplinary, which are grouped into 2 approaches. One is standardizing, individualizing, and results-oriented, while the other is focused on differences, community-driven, and process-oriented. The discussion section refers to the need to advance towards understandings that integrate the meanings identified, in order to increase consistency and propose meanings associated with participation, democratization, and curricular integration.

RESUMEN: La convivencia escolar (CE) ha formado parte de recientes políticas educativas a nivel internacional. Sin embargo, el constructo de CE es polisémico y las políticas son diseñadas desde lógicas distintas. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo las escuelas significan el constructo de CE, en el entendido que las comprensiones guiarán las acciones y harán inteligibles las intervenciones en CE. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa. Se realizaron entrevistas grupales e individuales activas a equipos directivos, docentes y otros profesionales de 6 escuelas municipales seleccionadas intencionalmente con buenos resultados en CE y rendimiento académico, medidos según la prueba nacional SIMCE. Los resultados indican 4 significados de CE: médico, de rendición de cuentas, socio-afectivo y disciplinario, que se organizan en 2 lógicas comprensivas. La primera, estandarizadora, individualizadora y orientada a resultados y, la segunda, centrada en la diferencia, comunitaria y orientada al proceso. Se discute la necesidad de avanzar hacia comprensiones que integren los significados encontrados, con el fin de ganar mayor congruencia y de proponer significados asociados a participación, democratización e integración curricular.

https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.27.1.1214 3059 downloads

Psychometric properties of the Brief-COPE for the evaluation of coping strategies in the Chilean population
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García, Felipe E.

; Barraza-Peña, Carmen Gloria

; Wlodarczyk, Anna

; Alvear-Carrasco, Marcela

; Reyes-Reyes, Alejandro

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

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2018, Volume 31 elocation 22

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Brief-COPE is an abbreviated version of the COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) Inventory, a self-report questionnaire developed to assess a broad range of coping responses. Currently, it is one of the best validated and most frequently used measures of coping strategies. The aim of this study was to validate a culturally appropriate Chilean version of the Brief-COPE, assess its psychometric properties and construct and congruent validity. The Spanish version of the Brief-COPE was administrated in a community sample of 1847 Chilean adult (60.4% women) exposed to a variety of stressful experiences. The factorial structure of the inventory was examined by comparing four different models found in previous studies in Latin American population. The results of confirmatory factor analyses revealed, as in the original studies, a 14-factor structure of the Brief-COPE. These dimensions showed adequate internal structure and consistency. The factorial invariance comparing women and men confirmed strict invariance. Additionally, the results showed significant correlation between some Brief-COPE scales, such as denial and substance use, with perceived stress and emotional support and active coping with subjective well-being. Overall, the present work offers a valid and reliable tool for assessing coping strategies in the Chilean population.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-018-0102-3 2458 downloads

El rol de los casos clínicos publicados en la evaluación del desarrollo de procesos eficaces de razonamiento médico
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Ojeda Carpio, Adrian Alexander

; Sangucho Villamarin, Elizabeth Georgina

; Espinosa Echeverría, Cristian Guillermo

; Carrasco Guevara, Alfonso Javier

; Barbón Pérez, Olga Gloria

Revista Cubana de Reumatología

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dec 2016, Volume 18 N. 3 Pages 281 - 286

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

HISTORIA DE VIDA DE MUJERES EN PROCESO DE REHABILITACIÓN DE DROGAS, CHILE
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Jarpa Arriagada, Carmen Gloria

; Parra Carrasco, Yohanna

; Escamilla Rojas, Daniela

Comuni@cción

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jun 2016, Volume 7 N. 1 Pages 27 - 37

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

This article analyzes the life history of female inmates in a therapeutic community in the region of Biobio, Chile. In particular, it deepens on individual and family women life cycle, corresponding to one of the specific objectives of the research. The study is qualitative and takes the Social constructionism of Gergen as an epistemological approach. The strategy was the story of life, built from oral history. The main findings suggest that drug use began in adolescence as a result of a male model consumption; the drug-taking behavior emerges as a mechanism for coping with traumatic situations of individual or family life cycle. Women also reveal externalizing speeches and strongly influenced by gender opposed in explaining of their consumption

El artículo examina la historia de vida de mujeres internas en una comunidad terapéutica de la Región del Biobío, Chile. Específicamente, se profundiza sobre el ciclo vital individual y familiar de las mujeres, correspondiendo a uno de los objetivos específicos de la investigación. El estudio es Cualitativo y adopta el Construccionismo Social de Gergen como enfoque epistemológico. La estrategia utilizada fue la historia de vida, construida a partir de los relatos o historia oral. Los principales hallazgos apuntan a que el consumo de drogas se inició en la adolescencia como resultado de un modelo de consumo masculino; la conducta drogodependiente emerge como un mecanismo de afrontamiento ante situaciones traumatizantes del ciclo vital individual o familiar. Asimismo, las mujeres develan discursos externalizantes y fuertemente influidos por el género opuesto en la explicación de su consumo

Efectos de una intervención de consejo anticonceptivo en adolescentes de barrios desfavorecidos con alta proporción de inmigrantes
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Nebot, Laia

; Díez, Elia

; Martín, Sílvia

; Estruga, Lluïsa

; Villalbí, Joan R.

; Pérez, Glòria

; Carrasco, Mireia G.

; López, María José

Gaceta Sanitaria

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feb 2016, Volume 30 N. 1 Pages 43 - 46

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a contraceptive counselling intervention among adolescents by sex and origin. Methods: A pre-post study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted in adolescents from three disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Participants received a counselling session at a community centre. Contraception use at last intercourse and knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy before and after the intervention were compared with χ² and McNemar tests, stratified by sex and origin (autochthonous or immigrant). Results: A total of 138 (76%) participants completed the follow-up. Fifty-five percent of the participants were girls, 85% were aged 16-19 years and 71% were immigrants. Knowledge and several self-efficacies increased after the intervention. Condom use increased by 5.4% and the proportion not using any method declined by 7.7%. Conclusions: Contraceptive counselling in the community setting increased the use of contraception and improved psychosocial determinants, especially in immigrant adolescents.

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención de consejo contraceptivo en adolescentes según sexo y origen. Métodos: Diseño pre-post con entrevista a los 3 meses. Participaron adolescentes de tres barrios desfavorecidos de Barcelona que recibieron una intervención de consejo contraceptivo. Se compararon el uso de contracepción en la última relación sexual, y diversos conocimientos, creencias y autoeficacias, estratificando por sexo y origen (autóctono o inmigrante), con pruebas de McNemar y χ². Resultados: 138 adolescentes completaron el seguimiento (76%). El 55% eran chicas, el 85% tenían 16-19 años y el 71% eran inmigrantes. Tras la intervención mejoraron los conocimientos y diversas autoeficacias. El uso de contracepción efectiva aumentó en todos los grupos. En la muestra total, el uso de preservativo aumentó un 5,4% y la ausencia de método se redujo un 7,7%. Conclusiones: Tras la intervención mejoró el uso de contracepción y sus determinantes en los adolescentes, particularmente en los inmigrantes.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.07.015 468 downloads

Efectos de una intervención de consejo anticonceptivo en adolescentes de barrios desfavorecidos con alta proporción de inmigrantes
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Nebot, Laia

; Díez, Elia

; Martín, Sílvia

; Estruga, Lluïsa

; Villalbí, Joan R.

; Pérez, Glòria

; Carrasco, Mireia G.

; López, María José

Gaceta Sanitaria

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feb 2016, Volume 30 N. 1 Pages 43 - 46

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.07.015 230 downloads

10.

II Consenso de la Sociedad Chilena de Endocrinología y Diabetes sobre resistencia a la insulina
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Pollak, Felipe

; Araya, Verónica

; Lanas, Alejandra

; Sapunar, Jorge

; Arrese, Marco

; Aylwin, Carmen Gloria

; Bezanilla, Carmen Gloria

; Carrasco, Elena

; Carrasco, Fernando

; Codner, Ethel

; Díaz, Erik

; Durruty, Pilar

; Galgani, José

; García, Hernán

; Lahsen, Rodolfo

; Liberman, Claudio

; López, Gloria

; Maíz, Alberto

; Mujica, Verónica

; Poniachik, Jaime

; Sir, Teresa

; Soto, Néstor

; Valderas, Juan

; Villaseca, Paulina

; Zavala, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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may 2015, Volume 143 N. 5 Pages 627 - 636

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Insulin resistance is a prevalent condition commonly associated with unhealthy lifestyles. It affects several metabolic pathways, increasing risk of abnormalities at different organ levels. Thus, diverse medical specialties should be involved in its diagnosis and treatment. With the purpose of unifying criteria about this condition, a scientific-based consensus was elaborated. A questionnaire including the most important topics such as cardio-metabolic risk, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome, was designed and sent to national experts. When no agreement among them was achieved, the Delphi methodology was applied. The main conclusions reached are that clinical findings are critical for the diagnosis of insulin resistance, not being necessary blood testing. Acquisition of a healthy lifestyle is the most important therapeutic tool. Insulin-sensitizing drugs should be prescribed to individuals at high risk of disease according to clinically validated outcomes. There are specific recommendations for pregnant women, children, adolescents and older people.

40781 downloads

11.

The impact of glucocorticoids and anti-cd20 therapy on cervical human papillomavirus infection risk in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
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Mendoza-Pinto, Claudia

; Garcia-Carrasco, Mario

; Vallejo-Ruiz, Veronica

; Taboada-Cole, Alejandro

; Munoz-Guarneros, Margarita

; Solis-Poblano, Juan Carlos

; Pezzat-Said, Elias

; Aguilar-Lemarroy, Adriana

; Jave-Suarez, Luis Felipe

; de Lara, Luis Vazquez

; Ramos-Alvarez, Gloria

; Reyes-Leyva, Julio

; Lopez-Colombo, Aurelio

Clinics

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dec 2013, Volume 68 N. 12 Pages 1475 - 1480

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with cervical human papillomavirus infection in women with systemic lupus erythematosus METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected traditional and systemic lupus erythematosus-related disease risk factors, including conventional and biologic therapies. A gynecological evaluation and cervical cytology screen were performed. Human papillomavirus detection and genotyping were undertaken by PCR and linear array assay. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients were included, with a mean age and disease duration of 42.5±11.8 years and 9.7±5.3 years, respectively. The prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesions was 6.8%. The prevalence of human papillomavirus infection was 29%, with human papillomavirus subtype 59 being the most frequent. Patients with human papillomavirus were younger than those without the infection (38.2±11.2 vs. 44.2±11.5 years, respectively; p = 0.05), and patients with the virus had higher daily prednisone doses (12.8±6.8 vs. 9.7±6.7 mg, respectively; p = 0.01) and cumulative glucocorticoid doses (14.2±9.8 vs. 9.7±7.3 g, respectively; p = 0.005) compared with patients without. Patients with human papillomavirus infection more frequently received rituximab than those without (20.9% vs. 8.5%, respectively; p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, only the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was associated with human papillomavirus infection. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative glucocorticoid dose may increase the risk of human papillomavirus infection. Although rituximab administration was more frequent in patients with human papillomavirus infection, no association was found. Screening for human papillomavirus infection is recommended in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(12)01 4635 downloads

12.

Efecto de Chicles con Xilitol sobre Placa Bacteriana, Flujo Salival y Capacidad Buffer de la Saliva en Adolescentes Chilenos
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Velásquez Castilla, Manuel Felipe

; Narváez Carrasco, Carmen Gloria

International journal of odontostomatology

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2013, Volume 7 N. 1 Pages 133 - 137

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Prevention is the area of dentistry that should be given more emphasis to reduce further consequences on the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the use of xylitol chewing gum on dental plaque, saliva flow and saliva buffer capacity in youngster. Fifteen dental students were randomly assigned to a study and control group, the first received a xylitol chewing gum while the second a placebo chewing gum, provided 4 times per day for 21 days. Dental plaque, saliva flow and saliva ph were measures at day 0, 7, 14 and 21st. Dental plaque concentration decreased in both groups (p >0,05), saliva flow increased (p>0,05) and saliva ph was incremented but no significant differences were found among groups (p>0,05). The use of xylitol chewing gum helps to reduce dental plaque, increase saliva flow and ph, like the placebo chewing gum, but a larger study is needed to properly assess if xylitol has an additional benefit on the studied variables.

La prevención es el área de la odontología a la que se le debe dar más énfasis para disminuir posteriores consecuencias sobre la cavidad oral. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del uso de chicles con xilitol sobre placa bacteriana, flujo salival y capacidad buffer de la saliva en jóvenes. Participaron 15 alumnos de quinto año, se asignaron al azar en un grupo de estudio y un grupo control, consumiendo chicles con xilitol y un placebo respectivamente, 4 veces al día por 21 días. Se midió placa bacteriana, flujo salival y capacidad buffer de la saliva al día 0, 7, 14 y 21. La placa bacteriana se redujo en ambos grupos tras 21 días de tratamiento sin obtener valores significativos (p>0,05). Asimismo el flujo salival aumentó tanto en el grupo de estudio como en el grupo de control, pero sin encontrar resultados significativos (p>0,05). El pH salival aumentó en ambos grupos, sin obtener valores significativos (p>0,05). Los resultados sugieren quemasticar chicles con xilitol disminuye la placa bacteriana, aumenta el flujo salival y la capacidad buffer de la saliva, pero estudios con un mayor número de pacientes deberían realizarse para obtener valores significativos.

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13.

Efficient protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the rhizosphere of hydrophilic forests in Chile
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Cáceres, Pablo

; Cordero, Cecilia

; González, Gloria

; Quiroz, Karla

; Bobadilla, Juan C

; Bravo, Carmen

; Caligari, Peter D.S

; Carrasco, Basilio

; García-Gonzales, Rolando

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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dec 2012, Volume 39 N. 3 Pages 585 - 592

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

A lysis buffer-based protocol (Protocol BA), a modified lysis buffer-based protocol (Protocol BA Mod) and a commercial extraction kit (Protocol PS Kit) (Power Soil, Mo bio Laboratories, CA USA) were each evaluated for their ability to produce high-quality DNA with yields sufficient to allow its use in biodiversity studies. Similarly, the effect of liquid nitrogen on the process of cell disruption in all of the protocols that were studied. DNA yields ranged from 12.4 ng g-1 of processed soil to 9620 ng g-1 using the modified lysis buffer and commercial extraction kit, respectively. The quality of the DNA was determined by the ability of the DNA to produce efficient and reproducible polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, using primers for universal 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA regions from bacteria and fungi, respectively. High-quality DNA was obtained to run PCRs in all protocols, but the efficiency of the method depended on the dilution of the DNA prior to performing the PCR. The three extraction methods generated PCR products with 90% efficiency. The DNA produced with the commercial kit was able to produce the highest PCR efficiency (95%) when the 10-1 dilution was used. The method based on the use of lysis buffer produced the highest efficiency (90%) using a 10-2 dilution. Meanwhile, the modified lysis buffer-based protocol generated the highest efficiency of PCR products using the 10-3 dilution factor with 95% of efficiency. For the first time, reliable and efficient DNA isolation from the rhizosphere of hydrolic forest is documented, enabling a wide range of applications for this technique.

Se evaluó el uso de Buffer de lisis (Protocolo BA), Buffer de lisis modificado (Protocolo BA Mod) y el uso de kit comercial de extracción (Protocolo PS Kit) (Power Soil, Mo bio Laboratories, CA USA) y su efectividad para producir ADN de calidad biológica con rendimientos que permitan su uso en estudios de biodiversidad. De igual forma, se evaluó el efecto del nitrógeno líquido en el proceso de ruptura celular en todos los protocolos estudiados. Se obtuvieron rendimientos de ADN desde 12,4 hasta 9620 ng g-1 de suelo procesado utilizando los métodos basados en el buffer de lisis modificado y kit de extracción comercial. La calidad biológica del ADN se determinó mediante la habilidad del ADN para producir eficientes y reproducibles Reacciones en Cadena de la Polimerasa utilizando partidores del ADN ribosomal 16 S y 18 S de bacterias y hongos, respectivamente. Se obtuvo ADN de calidad biológica para PCR en todos los protocolos, pero la eficiencia del método dependió de la dilución del ADN previo al desarrollo de las PCRs. Los tres métodos de extracción generaron productos de PCR por encima del 90% de las muestras analizadas. Se observó que el factor de dilución del ADN afecta la eficiencia de la técnica de PCR en los tres protocolos evaluados pues para la extracción con Kit comercial, la mayor eficiencia en el PCR se obtuvo cuando la dilución 10-1 fue utilizada. El método basado en el buffer de lisis produjo la mayor eficiencia (90%) utilizando la dilución 10-2. Por otro lado, el protocolo buffer de lisis modificado generó la más alta eficiencia utilizando la dilución 10-3 con un 95% de eficiencia. Los métodos evaluados permiten, por primera vez, la obtención eficiente y confiable de ADN de alta calidad a partir la rizósfera del bosque hidrófilo chileno.

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14.

Rol del psicólogo en establecimientos particulares pagados del Gran Concepción, Chile: Un proceso de co-construcción
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García Costa, Constanza

; Carrasco Sanhueza, Gloria

; Mendoza Barra, Mónica

; Pérez Villalobos, Cristhian

Estudios pedagógicos (Valdivia)

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dec 2012, Volume 38 N. 2 Pages 169 - 185

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

There are several perspectives concerning the role of the educational psychologist which reveal deep differences between universities and schools expectancies about it. The aim of the present research is to analyze the role of psychologists in private schools in Concepción, Chile, according to participants’ experiences. In this study, following qualitative and Grounded Theory principles, 14 individuals were interviewed including psychologists, teachers, directives, students and parents. Outcomes from axial and selective coding are showed. Results highlight relevance of each educative center particularities for role assumed by psychologists, which is co-constructed between different actors, depending on their needs and the resources available.

Existen múltiples visiones sobre las funciones del psicólogo educacional e importantes discrepancias entre la propuesta teórica y las expectativas reales del sistema. Ante esto, la presente investigación analiza el rol del psicólogo en establecimientos particulares pagados del Gran Concepción según la perspectiva de sus actores. Este estudio, cualitativo y desde la teoría fundamentada, realizó entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 14 participantes incluyendo psicólogos, profesores, directivos, alumnos y apoderados de estos establecimientos. Se exhiben los resultados relacionales de las codificaciones axial y selectiva. A nivel de resultados, destaca la importancia del contexto y particularidad de cada centro educativo en el rol del psicólogo, el cual se va co-construyendo entre los actores que se desenvuelven en él, y según las necesidades y recursos con que cuentan.

Existem várias perspectivas sobre o papel do psicólogo educacional que revelam profundas diferenças entre as expectativas do sistema escolar e da universidade sobre o assunto. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar o papel do psicólogo na escolas privadas, em Concepción, Chile, de acordo com seus atores principais. Neste estudo, seguindo os princípios da pesquisa qualitativa e Grounded Theory, foram entrevistados 14 agentes, incluindo psicólogos, professores, directivas, alunos e pais. O artigo presenta os resultados da codificação axial e seletiva. Os resultados reforçam a importância das particularidades de cada centro educativo para o papel assumido pelo psicólogo, que é co-construído entre as diferentes partes interessadas, dependendo de suas necessidades e recursos disponíveis.

43974 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

15.

Actualidad y perspectiva del currículum de Odontología
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Narváez Carrasco, Carmen Gloria

; Vicentela Gutiérrez, Luis Alberto

Educación Médica Superior

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dec 2011, Volume 25 N. 4 Pages 515 - 524

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The present curricular structuring of dentistry studies in Chile shows the need of a new approach that combines the real social needs and the requirements of the working world with the academic proposals nowadays. This paper analyzes the general characteristics of the dental training in Chile and presents some perspective of the future demands, beyond the institutional and programs accreditation processes. Some inconsistencies were observed in the curricular projects related to the contextualization and adaptation to the current health needs. It was concluded that great effort should be made in restructuring the curricula of dental training, in order to adapt it to the advancing knowledge according to the changes in the epidemiological profile. Although efforts are being made to update the curricula, the necessary input for curricular suitability should come from graduates, therefore this paper encourages deepening such research line.

Las actuales construcciones curriculares de la carrera de Odontología en Chile, evidencian la necesidad de un nuevo enfoque que articule las reales necesidades sociales y del mundo del trabajo con las propuestas académicas en ejecución. El trabajo que se presenta a continuación analiza las características generales de la formación del odontólogo en Chile y presenta una perspectiva de las demandas futuras, más allá de los procesos de acreditación institucional. Se evidencian algunas incongruencias en los proyectos curriculares relacionados con la contextualización y adecuación a las necesidades actuales de salud. Se concluye que debe hacerse un mejor esfuerzo en la estructuración curricular de la carrera de Odontología para adaptarlo al rápido avance del conocimiento curricular según el cambiante perfil epidemiológico. Si bien se hacen esfuerzos por modernizar los currículos, el insumo necesario para la adecuación curricular debe provenir desde los egresados y se insta a profundizar en esta línea de investigación.

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