ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the economic viability of the implementation of a mechanized harvesting of broilers where the activity is carried out entirely manually. The viability indicators used were net present value (NPV), net future value (NFV), net uniform value (NUV), discounted payback (DP), and internal rate of return (IRR). Scenario analysis, sensitivity, and Monte Carlo simulation were performed in the present study. The results showed that the initial investment was US$ 1,868,302.76. The average price paid by the slaughterhouse to third-party manual harvesting companies was US$ 18.17 per thousand broilers, which was converted into revenue in the cash flow of the project. The cash flow result was positive at US$ 22,256.14 over the entire study period considering a daily catch of 144 thousand broilers. The results of the economic viability analysis were NPV of US$ 64,786.23, NFV of US$ 333,382.11, NUV of US$ 735.19, DP of 13.82 years, IRR of 0.965 monthly, and modified IRR of 0.933 monthly. These values prove the economic viability of implementing the project considering the market conditions at the time of the study. The analysis of scenarios showed great sensitivity to the exchange rate and the price of fuels. The Monte Carlo simulation highlighted a moderate risk of negative NPV, emphasizing the importance of considering this variable when making decisions. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of mechanized harvesting, such as increased efficiency and reduced labor costs, make it a promising alternative to manual harvesting, even for small to medium-sized poultry industries. manually , (NPV) NFV, (NFV) NUV, (NUV) DP, (DP) IRR. . (IRR) US 186830276 1 868 302 76 1,868,302.76 thirdparty third party 1817 18 17 18.1 2225614 22 256 14 22,256.1 6478623 64 786 23 64,786.23 33338211 333 382 11 333,382.11 73519 735 19 735.19 1382 13 82 13.8 years 0965 0 965 0.96 monthly 0933 933 0.93 fuels decisions challenges costs mediumsized medium sized industries (NPV (NFV (NUV (DP (IRR 18683027 86 30 7 1,868,302.7 181 18. 222561 2 25 22,256. 647862 6 78 64,786.2 3333821 33 38 333,382.1 7351 73 735.1 138 8 13. 096 96 0.9 093 93 1868302 3 1,868,302. 22256 22,256 64786 64,786. 333382 333,382. 735. 09 9 0. 186830 1,868,302 2225 22,25 6478 64,786 33338 333,382 18683 1,868,30 222 22,2 647 64,78 3333 333,38 1868 1,868,3 22, 64,7 333,3 186 1,868, 64, 333, 1,868 1,86 1,8 1,

ABSTRACT We investigated the influence of poultry rearing factors, including strain, type of ventilation, and sex on the slaughter characteristics of broiler chickens. Factorial analysis of mixed data was employed to analyze the data from broiler flocks slaughtered between 2018 and 2020 in Mato Grosso do Sul, comprising 2,684 flocks and 82,486,500 birds. The characterization information considered included age at slaughter, average weight, date of slaughter, percentage of pododermatitis, percentage of scratches, percentage of pre-slaughter condemnations, percentage of slaughter condemnations, percentage of total condemnation, percentage of field mortality, type of ventilation, strain, and sex. The factorial analysis of mixed data aimed to identify the relationships between pre-slaughter factors and slaughter characteristics. Five main components, explaining 85.5% of the total data variance, were derived from the analysis. Age, generated value per kilo of product, and percentage of pre-slaughter condemnations exhibited positive correlations. Negative pressure ventilation was found to be more closely associated with the percentage of pododermatitis, while the dark house system showed a stronger association with the percentage of total condemnation and percentage of pre-slaughter condemnation. The Cobb strain and female sex were found to be more strongly related to the generated value of the product. Strain, sex, and type of ventilation were identified as decisive factors influencing the characteristics of meat yields and the economic results of poultry activity in slaughterhouses. Moreover, it was observed that percentages of scratches and pododermatitis were negatively correlated with the value generated ($/kg) by broiler flocks, and they were more closely associated with positive pressure ventilation systems, Ross strain, mixtures of strains within the same flock, and male chickens. It was possible to prove the strong interdependence between the rearing stage of broiler chickens and the slaughterhouse, which needs to be considered in decision making by agroindustry to achieve an ideal rearing model. 201 202 Sul 2684 2 684 2,68 82486500 82 486 500 82,486,50 birds weight preslaughter pre mortality components 855 85 5 85.5 variance Age product correlations Strain slaughterhouses Moreover $/kg kg ($/kg systems flock slaughterhouse model 20 268 68 2,6 8248650 8 48 50 82,486,5 85. 26 6 2, 824865 4 82,486, 82486 82,486 8248 82,48 824 82,4 82,

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the energy values and metabolizability of different lipid sources in the diet of Japanese quail at the laying phase. The quail were distributed in a completely randomized design with ten replications of seven poultry per treatment, totaling six treatments: basal feed (control) and basal feed containing 10% soybean oil, corn oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, and poultry fat. The values of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and the metabolizability coefficient (MC%) were evaluated. No significant difference was found between the different lipid sources for AMEn (kcal/kg) and MC (%). The value of metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen for soybean oil was 8,790 kcal/kg; 8,773 kcal/kg for corn oil; 8,784 kcal/kg for canola oil; 8,788 kcal/kg for sunflower oil; and 8,681 kcal/kg for poultry fat in laying Japanese quail. The digestibility coefficients were 93.88% for soybean oil, 93.53% for corn oil, 93.32% for canola oil, 93.74% for sunflower oil, and 93.06% for poultry fat. phase treatment treatments control (control 10 nitrogencorrected (AMEn MC% (MC% evaluated kcalkg kcal kg (kcal/kg %. % . (%) 8790 8 790 8,79 8773 773 8,77 8784 784 8,78 8788 788 8681 681 8,68 9388 93 88 93.88 9353 53 93.53 9332 32 93.32 9374 74 93.74 9306 06 93.06 1 (MC (% 879 79 8,7 877 77 878 78 868 68 8,6 938 9 93.8 935 5 93.5 933 3 93.3 937 7 93.7 930 0 93.0 ( 87 8, 86 6 93.

ABSTRACT The large majority of broiler houses use two types of systems: dark-house system - DHP, and tunnel with curtain system - ATC. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association and the prevalence of locomotion issues in the broiler commercial farming systems (DHP and ATC). For assessing the thermal environment and the litter quality, a completely random design was adopted using two factors (broiler houses, DHP and ATC) with 12 repetitions. To study the surface temperature of the broiler breast, and the locomotion ability (gait score) a completely randomized design was adopted in a double factorial scheme 2 × 2 (two houses typology vs. sex) with 24 repetitions. To verify whether the type of house and the sex were associated to broiler locomotion problems due to the lack in walking ability, and the presence of medular compression (spondylolisthesis) the logistic regression was applied to the analysis: odds ratio and relative risk. The chance of the poultry to present inability of walking was 3.80 times higher in the male population. The risk factor associated with the lack of walking ability of the poultry was correlated to the tunnel house with curtains, presenting a relative risk 1.58 times higher when compared to the dark-house with walls. There was not the relative risk of medular compression (spondylolisthesis) neither was found an association between the poultry’ sex and the type of house. The reduction in the male broiler locomotion ability might be associated with the rearing in the housing tunnel with curtains.

ABSTRACT The global animal production is increasing as expected to meet world demand for food, especially for meat products. This research aimed to investigate the effect of two types of roofs (clay and fiber-cement tiles) in a tropical area on the thermal comfort of farrowing sows and piglets. Twelve sows and forty-eight piglets were observed during summer in the Southeast region of Brazil. Climate variables, thermal comfort and surface temperature (sows and piglets) were assessed. The type of roofs clearly affected the piglets' surface temperature during all studied periods, but the results were not similar in the sows' surface temperature. Temperature and humidity index found was high in the building with fiber-cement tiles. The pen location in the housing also influenced the piglet surface temperature. Controlling temperature fluctuation in piglet housing is crucial; therefore, providing adequate rearing environment in tropical condition might help pig productivity as well as farmer profitability.

RESUMOA luz é importante fator ambiental para aves permitindo não só a visão, mas também influenciando as respostas fisiológicas, como a atividade comportamental e reprodutiva. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes cores de luz monocromática (LED) na produção de galinhas durante o segundo ciclo de postura. O estudo foi realizado em um galpão de postura experimental, durante 70 dias. Um total de 300 galinhas poedeiras da genética Isa Brown®, com idades de 95 semanas, no segundo ciclo de postura foi utilizado no estudo. As fontes de luz artificial utilizadas foram azul, amarelo, verde, vermelho e branco. O regime de luz era iluminação contínua de 17 h por dia (12 h natural: 5 h artificial), em regime de luz de 17L:7E (luz: escuridão). O delineamento estatístico adotado foi de quadrado latino, com cinco tratamentos (cinco cores), dividido em cinco períodos e cinco parcelas com seis repetições de dez aves em cada parcela. A produção e a qualidade dos ovos foram avaliadas. As diferentes cores de fonte de luz não afetaram os parâmetros de produção nem a qualidade dos ovos (p > 0,05). A fonte monocromática de luz LED pode ser considerada uma alternativa para a iluminação artificial em galinhas poedeiras durante o segundo ciclo de produção.

ABSTRACTLight is an important environmental factor for birds, allowing not only their vision, but also influencing their physiological responses, such as behavioral and reproductive activity. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of different colors of monochromatic light (LED) sources in laying hens production during the second laying cycle. The study was conducted in an experimental laying house during 70 days. A total of 300 laying hens Isa Brown® genetic strain, aged 95 weeks, in the second laying cycle were used in the study. The artificial light sources used were blue, yellow, green, red and white. The light regimen was continuous illumination of 17 h per day (12 h natural and 5 h artificial) in a daily light regimen of 17L:5D (light: dark). The Latin Square design was adopted with five treatments (five colors) divided into five periods, and five boxes, with six replicates of ten birds in each box. The production and egg quality were evaluated. The different colors of light source did not affect production parameters or egg quality (p > 0.05). The monochromatic light source may be considered as an alternative to artificial lighting in laying hens during the second production cycle.

Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de investigar a incidência de carne PSE (pale, soft and exudative) em suínos abatidos em um abatedouro comercial, localizado em Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de maio de 2009 a julho de 2010. A partir do banco de dados (n = 854 carcaças), aplicou-se a regressão logística múltipla com a finalidade de desenvolver um modelo para constatar a influência das variáveis selecionadas na probabilidade de risco de incidência de carne PSE. Desta forma, a variável dependente foi construída pela identificação de carne PSE em carcaças de suínos com valores de pH45 inferior ou igual a 5,8. Para obtenção do modelo com maior capacidade de predição foram aplicados o método de máxima verossimilhança para estimação de parâmetros e a técnica stepwise para seleção de variáveis explicativas. As variáveis selecionadas com maior poder de predição foram: temperatura de carcaça, tempo de embarque, velocidade média durante o transporte e o tempo de descanso médio dos animais nas baias. O modelo obtido apresentou capacidade de predição de 91,8%.

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of PSE (Pale, Soft and Exudative) meat in pigs slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse located in the Mato Grosso do Sul, from May 2009 to July 2010. Based on a database (n = 854 carcasses), multiple logistic regression was applied for the purpose of developing a model to verify the effect of the selected variables on the probable risk of occurrence of PSE meat. Thus, the dependent variable was constructed through the identification of PSE meat in pig carcasses with pH45 values less than or equal to 5.8. In addition, the maximum likelihood method for estimation of parameters and the stepwise technique for selection of covariates were applied to obtain the model with the highest predictive ability. The variables selected with the greatest predictive capability were: carcass temperature, time of shipping, average speed during transport and the average resting time of the animals in the stalls. The obtained model presented predictive capability of 91.8%.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar diferenças no padrão de vocalização em função do sexo dos animais e diferentes situações de estresse. Foram utilizados 150 animais machos castrados e 150 fêmeas (linhagem Dalland®), com 100 dias de idade. Os suínos foram submetidos a diferentes situações de estresse: sede (animais sem acesso à água), fome (suínos sem acesso ao alimento), estresse térmico (ITU superior a 74) e BEA (animais com alimento e água, com ITU abaixo de 70). Foram registrados os sinais acústicos a cada 30 minutos, totalizando seis coletas para cada situação de estresse. Posteriormente, os áudios foram analisados pelo software Praat® 5.1.19, gerando um espectro sonoro. Para a determinação das condições de estresse, os dados foram processados no programa computacional WEKA® 3.5, utilizando o algoritmo de árvore de decisão C4.5, conhecido como J48 no ambiente do programa computacional WEKA®, considerando validação cruzada com amostras de 10% (10-fold cross-validation). De acordo com a Árvore de Decisão, o atributo acústico mais importante para a classificação das condições de estresse foi a Intensidade do som (nó raiz). Não foi possível identificar o sexo dos animais pelo registro vocal, utilizando os atributos testados. Foi gerada uma árvore de decisão para reconhecimento de situação de fome, sede e estresse térmico em suínos, a partir de registros da intensidade do som, da frequência de Pitch e da Formante 1.

This study aimed to identify differences in swine vocalization pattern according to animal gender and different stress conditions. A total of 150 barrow males and 150 females (Dalland® genetic strain), aged 100 days, were used in the experiment. Pigs were exposed to different stressful situations: thirst (no access to water), hunger (no access to food), and thermal stress (THI exceeding 74). For the control treatment, animals were kept under a comfort situation (animals with full access to food and water, with environmental THI lower than 70). Acoustic signals were recorded every 30 minutes, totaling six samples for each stress situation. Afterwards, the audios were analyzed by Praat® 5.1.19 software, generating a sound spectrum. For determination of stress conditions, data were processed by WEKA® 3.5 software, using the decision tree algorithm C4.5, known as J48 in the software environment, considering cross-validation with samples of 10% (10-fold cross-validation). According to the Decision Tree, the acoustic most important attribute for the classification of stress conditions was sound Intensity (root node). It was not possible to identify, using the tested attributes, the animal gender by vocal register. A decision tree was generated for recognition of situations of swine hunger, thirst, and heat stress from records of sound intensity, Pitch frequency, and Formant 1.

Este trabalho objetivou investigar a influência do manejo pré-abate na incidência de carne PSE (Pale, Soft and Exudative), em suínos abatidos em um abatedouro comercial, localizado na região metropolitana de Dourados-MS. A partir do banco de dados (n=1.832 carcaças), aplicou-se análise multivariada integrada, com a finalidade de identificar, dentre as variáveis selecionadas, quais representavam maior relevância para o estudo. Os resultados da Análise de Componentes Principais indicaram que os cinco primeiros componentes explicaram 89,28% da variância total. Na Análise de Fatores, o primeiro fator representou as condições fatigantes e de estresse térmico para os suínos, durante o manejo pré-abate. De modo geral, o estudo indicou a importância das etapas do manejo pré-abate, evidenciando aquelas que representam maior estresse e ameaça ao bem-estar animal e à qualidade da carne suína, quais sejam: o tempo de transporte, de descanso médio nas baias, de espera no pátio, de descarregamento e ambiência.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-slaughter handling on the occurrence of PSE (Pale, Soft, and Exudative) meat in swine slaughtered at a commercial slaughterhouse located in the metropolitan region of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Based on the database (n=1,832 carcasses), it was possible to apply the integrated multivariate analysis for the purpose of identifying, among the selected variables, those of greatest relevance to this study. Results of the Principal Component Analysis showed that the first five components explained 89.28% of total variance. In the Factor Analysis, the first factor represented the thermal stress and fatiguing conditions for swine during pre-slaughter handling. In general, this study indicated the importance of the pre-slaughter handling stages, evidencing those of greatest stress and threat to animal welfare and pork quality, which are transport time, resting period, lairage time before unloading, unloading time, and ambience.

A utilização de lâmpadas de diodo emissor de luz (LED) tem-se destacado na avicultura por apresentar economia de energia e proporcionar viabilidade do processo de criação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte expostos a diferentes cores de LED, em comparação às lâmpadas fluorescentes. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos (E1 e E2) utilizando 2.646 aves da linhagem Cobb®, em que, no experimento E1, as aves (machos) foram expostas à iluminação artificial (20 lux) com LED vermelho, amarelo, azul, branco e lâmpada fluorescente, e no experimento E2, as aves (machos e fêmeas) foram expostas à iluminação artificial (15 lux) com LED vermelho e azul, e lâmpada fluorescente. Como variáveis respostas, foram medidos o ganho de peso acumulado (kg), o consumo de ração (kg), a conversão alimentar, o peso de carcaça quente (kg), o rendimento de carcaça (%) e de peito, e a coxa-sobrecoxa (%). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença (p > 0,05) entre os tratamentos para desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e cortes, no experimento E1. No experimento E2, houve diferença apenas entre os sexos (p < 0,05), com machos apresentando maior ganho de peso acumulado, maior consumo de ração, maior peso de carcaça quente e maior rendimento de coxa-sobrecoxa. Pode-se concluir que a utilização de LED, nas diferentes cores, apresentou o mesmo efeito das lâmpadas fluorescentes sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte.

Light emitting diode (LED) has been used in commercial poultry industry by presenting superior energy savings and providing feasibility on production process. The objective of this research was to evaluate performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens exposed to different LED colors compared with fluorescent lamps. For that, two experiments (E1 and E2) were performed and 2,646 Cobb® chickens were used. In experiment E1, male birds were exposed to 20 lux artificial lighting with red, yellow, blue, and white LED bulbs; and fluorescent bulb. In experiment E2, male and female birds were exposed to 15 lux artificial lighting with red and blue LED bulbs; and fluorescent bulb. Cumulative weight gain (kg), feed intake (kg), feed conversion, hot carcass weight (kg), carcass yield (%), and breast and thigh + drumstick yield (%) were used as response variables. Results showed no difference (p > 0.05) among treatments for performance, carcass yield, and cut yield in experiment E1. In experiment E2 there was only difference between genders (p < 0.05) and males showed higher total weight gain, feed intake, hot carcass weight and thigh + drumstick yield. Different LED color use had same effect as fluorescent lights on broiler performance and carcass yield.

A produção de frangos de corte é altamente dependente do uso de luz artificial. A fonte de luz pode influenciar a eficiência do ambiente de alojamento, devido ao aumento da temperatura ambiente e da concentração de gases nocivos. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso de diferentes tipos de lâmpadas em aviários de frangos de corte, sobre o ambiente térmico, aéreo e acústico. O experimento foi realizado em uma fazenda comercial no Município de Dourados, MS, Brasil. Três aviários foram utilizados e dois lotes de frangos machos da linhagem Cobb® foram criados a partir do primeiro dia até o abate. Os aviários foram equipados com uma fonte de luz diferente, sendo cada um deles um tratamento adotado (A1 - lâmpada incandescente, controle; A2 - lâmpada de vapor de sódio misturado; A3 - lâmpada fluorescente). Os aviários foram divididos em nove quadrantes e os dados ambientais (temperatura ambiente de bulbo seco e umidade relativa), a temperatura da superfície da cama, as concentrações de CO2 e NH3 e o comportamento da pressão sonora de aves foram registrados dentro dos quadrantes. O aviário usando lâmpada incandescente apresentou maior temperatura do ar e da cama, bem como o aumento da concentração de gases, do que as alternativas testadas. Este também apresentou maior nível de pressão sonora na segunda semana do período de crescimento dos frangos, no entanto, desta idade até o peso de abate, não foi encontrada nenhuma influência da fonte de luz sobre os resultados do nível de pressão sonora das aves.

Broiler production is highly dependent on the use of artificial light. The light source may affect the effectiveness of housing conditions due to increasing ambient temperature and concentration of noxious gases. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different bulb types on the thermal, aerial, and acoustic environment of broiler aviaries. The experiment was carried out at a commercial broiler farm in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Three aviaries were used, and two flocks of male broilers from Cobb® genetic strain were reared from the first day to slaughter. Each aviary was equipped with a different light source, comprising the adopted treatments (A1 - incandescent light bulb, control; A2 - sodium vapor light bulb; A3 - fluorescent light bulb). The aviaries were divided into nine quadrants, and the environmental data (ambient dry bulb temperature and relative humidity), litter surface temperature, CO2 and NH3 concentrations, and bird sound pressure behavior were recorded in each quadrant. The aviary with incandescent light presented higher air and litter temperatures, and concentration of gases than the other tested alternatives. It also presented higher level of sound pressure in the second week of the growing period; however, from this period up to slaughter, there was no effect of the light source on the results of broiler sound pressure level.

Foi conduzido um experimento para avaliar o comportamento, desempenho e parâmetros fisiológicos de suínos, em diferentes sistemas de produção. Foram utilizados 24 suínos em crescimento, distribuídos em delineamento casualizado, nos tratamentos: T1 - piso de concreto; T2 - cama sobreposta com maravalha; T3 - cama sobreposta com casca de café. Realizou-se observação do comportamento animal, por oito horas ininterruptas, ao longo de sete semanas. Foram caracterizadas as proporções de tempo dedicadas a cada comportamento, utilizando a composição de histograma de frequência. Foram mensurados parâmetros ambientais (ITGU), fisiológicos (temperatura retal e de superfície e frequência respiratória) e de desempenho dos animais (ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar) durante o período. Os sistemas de produção sobre cama proporcionaram maiores valores de ITGU. Não houve efeito dos sistemas avaliados sobre os parâmetros de desempenho. A temperatura retal foi superior nos animais criados sobre cama de casca de café, em relação ao piso de concreto. O uso de camas sobrepostas beneficiou o comportamento de leitões em fase de crescimento e reduziu o comportamento agonístico entre indivíduos.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavior, performance and physiological parameters of pigs in different production systems. Twenty four animals in the growth phase were distributed in a randomized block design in three treatments: T1 - concrete floor, T2 - deep bedding with wood shaving, and T3 - deep bedding with coffee husks. The behavioral study was carried out by observing the animal behavior for an uninterrupted period of eight hours throughout seven weeks. The proportions of time spent in each behavior were characterized using the frequency histogram composition. Environmental (IBGTH), physiological (rectal and skin temperature and respiratory rate) and performance (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion) parameters were measured in animals during the period. The production systems of deep bedding showed higher values of IBGTH. There was no effect of production systems evaluated on the performance parameters. Rectal temperature was higher in animals reared on deep bedding with coffee husks in relation to the concrete floor. The use of deep bedding benefited the behavior of piglets in the growth phase and it reduced the agonistic behavior among individuals.