Resumen: En el presente trabajo se describen los hallazgos macroscópicos y microscópicos de un mesotelioma pleural en un canino, ovejero alemán, macho, de 6 años que presentaba disnea y pérdida de peso por 20 días. El animal fue ingresado al Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Udelar, se descompensó y falleció durante la consulta. El cadáver fue remitido a la Unidad de Patología para su estudio post-mortem. La necropsia reveló hemoperitoneo, hepatomegalia, hemotórax abundante; se evidenció una gran masa en el mediastino, de forma irregular, que se extendía por toda la cavidad, adherida a la pleura parietal y a la parrilla costal; dicha masa estaba formada por multinodulaciones de pocos milímetros de diámetro y coloración blanquecina, de consistencia friable. Además, se observó hemopericardio, se constató infiltración de diafragma, pericardio y epicardio. En el examen histopatológico de la masa y del tejido cardíaco se identificaron células mesoteliales de gran tamaño, con forma cuboidal o poliédrica, agrupadas conformando estructuras arborizantes con una discreta cantidad de estroma conectivo. Las células presentaban citoplasma claro con vacuolas, núcleo grande e intensamente basófilo y algunas binucleadas, con nucléolo prominente, mostraban pocas mitosis y marcada anisocariosis y anisocitosis, se diagnosticaron como un mesotelioma de tipo papilar. Este diagnóstico se confirmó mediante inmunohistoquímica, se observó inmunomarcación positiva a vimentina y pancitoqueratina en las células tumorales.

Summary: This work describes macroscopic and microscopic findings of pleural mesothelioma in a 6-y.o., male German shepherd dog with dyspnea and weight loss for 20 days. The animal was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of Facultad de Veterinaria Udelar, and collapsed and died during the consultation. The body was referred to the Pathology Unit for post-mortem examination. The necropsy revealed hemoperitoneum, hepatomegaly, abundant hemothorax, a large irregular mass in the mediastinum extending throughout the cavity, adhered to the parietal pleura and rib cage; was formed by multinodulations of few millimeters in diameter and whitish coloration, with friable consistency. In addition, hemopericardium, infiltration of the diaphragm, pericardium, and epicardium was observed. Histopathological examination of the mass and cardiac tissue identified large cuboidal to polyhedral mesothelial cells, grouped in arborizing structures with a discrete amount of connective stroma. The cells had clear cytoplasm with vacuoles, large and intensely basophilic nuclei and some of them binucleated, with prominent nucleolus, few mitoses, and marked anisokaryosis and anisocytosis, diagnosing as a papillary mesothelioma. The confirmatory diagnosis was carried out by immunohistochemistry, showing positive immunolabeling for vimentin and pan-cytokeratin in the tumor cells.

Resumo: Este trabalho descreve os achados macroscópicos e microscópicos de um mesotelioma pleural num canino pastor alemão macho de 6 anos de idade que apresentava dispneia e perda de peso há 20 dias. O animal foi internado no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Veterinária de Udelar, descompensou e morreu durante a consulta. A carcaça foi enviada para a Unidade de Patologia para exame post-mortem. A necropsia revelou hemoperitoneu, hepatomegalia, hemotórax abundante, uma grande massa irregular no mediastino que se estendia por toda a cavidade, aderida à pleura parietal e à grelha costal; esta massa era formada por multinodulações de alguns milímetros de diâmetro e de cor esbranquiçada, com uma consistência friável. Para além disso, observou-se hemopericárdio, infiltração do diafragma, do pericárdio e do epicárdio. O exame histopatológico da massa e do tecido cardíaco revelou células mesoteliais grandes, cuboidais ou poliédricas, agrupadas em estruturas arborizadas com uma quantidade discreta de estroma conjuntivo. As células apresentavam citoplasma claro com vacúolos, núcleos grandes e intensamente basófilos e alguns binucleados, com nucléolos proeminentes, poucas mitoses e marcada anisocariose e anisocitose, tendo sido diagnosticado como mesotelioma papilar. Este diagnóstico foi confirmado por imunohistoquímica, mostrando imunomarcação positiva para vimentina e pancitoqueratina nas células tumorais.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to characterize differences in the time to onset of puberty and reproductive variables between East Friesian and Corriedale ewe lambs in an extensive pastoral system. The study was carried out for two consecutive years, and 73 pure-breed ewe lambs were evaluated (35 East Friesian and 38 Corriedale). Plasma progesterone was determined weekly between 4.5±0.5 and 7.2±0.5 months old. The time to onset of puberty was assumed when the progesterone levels were ≥0.6 ng/mL for at least three consecutive blood collections. Body weight and body condition score were also determined. The reproductive variables calculated were fertility (ewe lambs’ pregnancy/ewe lambs mated), prolificacy (lambs born/ewe lambs’ pregnancy), and fecundity (lambs born/ewe lambs mated). We found that 97.1% of East Friesian lambs and 44.7% of Corriedale reached puberty during the blood-sampling period, and there was no significant age difference between breeds. Average body weight at puberty was significantly higher for East Friesian than for Corriedale ewe lambs (44.2±0.8 and 40.6±0.9 kg, respectively). Fertility significantly differed between breeds (85.7 vs 34.2% East Friesian and Corriedale, respectively) and was not affected by year. Of the pregnant ewe lambs, 88.4% carried a single lamb. Prolificacy did not differ with the breed, year, or dam parity but was significantly higher for those lambs born as twins. Fecundity was significantly higher for East Friesian than for Corriedale lambs. Breeding Corriedale and East Friesian ewe lambs in their first year results in different reproductive outcomes. system years 7 purebreed pure breed 35 (3 3 Corriedale. . Corriedale) 4505 4 5 0 4.5±0. 7205 2 7.2±0. old 06 6 ≥0. ngmL ng mL collections pregnancyewe pregnancy mated, mated , mated) bornewe pregnancy, pregnancy) mated. 971 97 1 97.1 447 44 44.7 bloodsampling sampling period 44.2±0.8 44208 8 (44.2±0. 40609 40 9 40.6±0. kg respectively. respectively 85.7 857 85 (85. 342 34 34.2 884 88 88.4 lamb twins outcomes ( 450 4.5±0 720 7.2±0 ≥0 97. 44. 44.2±0. 4420 (44.2±0 4060 40.6±0 85. (85 34. 88. 45 4.5± 72 7.2± ≥ 44.2±0 442 (44.2± 406 40.6± (8 4.5 7.2 44.2± (44.2 40.6 4. 7. 44.2 (44. 40. (44 (4

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the impact of metabolic changes occurring in induced subclinical gestation toxaemia in ewes on metabolic parameters and vigour in the first 72 h of their lambs’ life. Fifty-one adult Corriedale ewes of known gestation date and fed on a natural pasture were randomly divided into four groups at day 145 of gestation. Group A (ewes with single pregnancies) and group C (ewes with twin pregnancies) were fed on a natural pasture throughout the trial; group B (ewes with single pregnancies) and group D (ewes with twin pregnancies) were subjected to 75% feed restriction for three days until they reached glycaemia and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) values indicative of subclinical gestational toxaemia. The birth-to-first station and birth-to-first suckling times of the born lambs were studied. Within the first hour after parturition and at 24, 48, and 72 h, glycaemia and BHB concentrations were determined in the blood of lambs, and body temperature and body weight were assessed at the same time. Relative weight gain at 72 h of age was calculated for all lambs. The BHB concentration determined at all times studied showed no difference among the groups. Subclinical gestation toxaemia induced in ewes subjected to feed restriction causes a decrease in the glycaemia of their lambs in the first hour of life; however, it does not cause an increase in ketone bodies. The metabolic changes induced in the mothers do not have negative effects on the vigour of the lambs at birth, as the weight, temperature, and the time it took for lambs to stand and suckle are not affected. However, they have a negative effect on relative weight gain in the critical period of the first 72 h of life. 7 life Fiftyone Fifty one 14 pregnancies trial 75 βhydroxybutyrate β hydroxybutyrate (BHB birthtofirst birth 24 48 however bodies affected However 1 2 4

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the repercussion of the metabolic changes that occur in induced subclinical pregnancy toxemia in single- or twin-bearing ewes on the duration of gestation, type and length of lambing, and placental expulsion time. Fifty-one adult Corriedale ewes with a known gestation date and fed in the wild were randomly divided at day 145 of gestation into four groups. Group A included single-bearing ewes, and C twin-bearing ewes, all of which were fed ad libitum . Group B was composed of single-bearing ewes, and D of twin-bearing ewes, all subjected to a 75% feed restriction until glycemic values were compatible with subclinical pregnancy toxemia. Metabolic parameters were determined in all ewes from day 145 of gestation to 72 h postpartum. Likewise, the duration of gestation, type of lambing (eutocic/dystocic), labor length, and placental expulsion time were recorded. Glycemia and β-hydroxybutyrate values compatible with subclinical pregnancy toxemia were achieved after 48 h of feed restriction, being 30.67±2.37 mg/dL and 1.87±0.12 mmol/L in single-bearing ewes and 28.40±3.39 mg/dL and 2.21±0.42 mmol/L in twin-bearing ewes, respectively. It is concluded that subclinical pregnancy toxemia induced by feed restriction at the end of gestation, frequent situation that occurs in flock management, produces mild metabolic changes, which return to normal values after the delivery. These metabolic changes registered before lambing do not modify the gestation length, do not increase the percentage of dystocical deliveries, nor influence labor length or placental expulsion time.

Abstract Reticular groove closure in ruminants is a primary mechanism, almost exclusive of lactating animals, which makes the passage of food from the orifice of cardia to the abomasum possible, thus avoiding unwanted fermentations in rumen and reticulum. In this review It is described some anatomical and physiological aspects of the reticular groove, given its embryonic and postnatal development, its topographic location, structure, innervation, blood circulation and histology. Also describing the techniques used to study its functioning, both direct and indirect methods. Finally there is a concentrate on handling techniques to manipulate closing reflex of reticular groove and its veterinary applications, in both the stimulation and inhibition, since the possibility to control this reflex is of great interest in the oral administration of various drugs, the treatment of certain diseases, as well as a better utilization of some types of food.

Resumen El cierre del surco reticular en los rumiantes es un mecanismo primario, casi exclusivo de los animales lactantes, que hace posible el paso de los alimentos desde el orificio del cardias al abomaso, evitando las fermentaciones no deseadas en el rumen y el retículo. En esta revisión se describen algunos aspectos anatómicos y fisiológicos del surco reticular, teniendo en cuenta su desarrollo embrionario y postnatal, su localización topográfica, se estructura, su inervación, su circulación sanguínea y su histología. También se describen los métodos directos e indirectos utilizados para el estudio de su funcionamiento. Finalmente, la revisión se concentra en el manejo de las técnicas para manipular el reflejo de cierre del surco reticular y sus aplicaciones veterinarias tanto en la estimulación como en la inhibición, dado que la posibilidad de controlar este reflejo es de gran interés para la administración oral de diversos medicamentos en el tratamiento de ciertas enfermedades, así como para un mejor aprovechamiento de algunos tipos de alimentos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate a possible corrective measure against negative metabolic states, as occurs in the advanced stage of gestation in ewes, and that sometimes produces a disease called pregnancy toxaemia. In the present research, we found that the joint administration of i.v. lysine-vasopressin (0.08 IU/kg body weight, BW) and an oral glucose solution (50 g) produces an increase in blood glucose, which persists for some time (up to 6 h); therefore, it could be used in the treatment of pregnancy toxaemia. This therapy is based on the fact that lysine-vasopressin induces gastric groove closure in adult ruminants, enabling orally administered glucose to reach the abomasum directly, from where it rapidly passes into the intestine and is immediately absorbed. We can say that the tested treatment causes a significant increase in blood glucose in ewes affected by toxaemia caused by fasting, which, although less marked than conventional therapy with intravenous drip glucose, remains longer, regularizing other parameters indicative of energy metabolism in fasting ewes.

Resumo: A distribuição das células envolvidas na resposta imune em glândulas sexuais acessórias de carneiros experimentalmente infectados com Actinobacillus seminis foi estudada. Doze carneiros de um ano de idade foram experimentalmente infectados via intrauretral (IU) (n=4) e via intraepididimal (IE) (n=4) e quatro animais controles (CON) foram utilizados. Os animais foram abatidos 35 dias após a inoculação, amostras foram retiradas das glândulas sexuais acessórias e testes bacteriológicos e histopatológicos foram realizados. A presença de linfócitos CD4, CD8 e TCRγδ (WC1), células CD45RO, macrófagos (CD14), células dendríticas (CD1b) e células contendo IgA, IgG and IgM (IgCC) foi determinada. Os animais do grupo IE desenvolveram epididimite clínica. Não foram visualizadas lesões nos carneiros do grupo IU, dois dos CON inoculados intraepididimalmente desenvolveram pequenas lesões no epidídimo. Isolados de A. seminis foram obtidos de 6:16 (37,5%) nas glândulas sexuais acessórias no grupo IE mas não nos grupos IU e CON. No grupo CON células contendo IgA and IgM predominaram nas glândulas bulbouretrais e na próstata e foram escassas ou ausentes nas vesículas e na ampola. Um incremento significativo de células contendo IgA, IgG and IgM foi confirmado nas vesículas seminais, na ampola e nas glândulas bulbouretrais no grupo IE. Nos grupos IE e IU foi evidenciado um aumento em CD4, CD8, WC1, CD45RO e CD14 nas vesículas e ampola. As células dendríticas CD1b estavam presentes na ampola e nas vesículas com processo inflamatório. A. seminis induziu uma resposta imune local nos grupos IE e IU. Estes resultados indicam um padrão diferente de células imunes infiltrantes nas glândulas sexuais acessórias de carneiros infectados por A. seminis.

Abstract: The distribution of cells involved in the immune response in accessory sex glands of rams experimentally infected with Actinobacillus seminis was studied. Twelve one-year old rams were experimentally infected by intraurethral (IU) (n=4) and intraepididymal (IE) (n=4) route, and four control (CON) animals were used. The animals were slaughtered 35 days post-inoculation, samples were taken from accessory sex glands, and bacteriology and histopathology tests were performed. The presence of CD4, CD8 and TCRγδ (WC1) lymphocytes, CD45RO cells, macrophages (CD14), dendritic cells (CD1b), IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing cells (IgCC) was determined. Animals of the IE group developed clinical epididymitis. No lesions were seen in rams of the IU group; two of the intraepididymal inoculated CON developed small lesions in the epididymis. A. seminis isolates were achieved from 6:16 (37.5%) accessory sex glands in the IE group, but not in the IU and CON groups. In the CON group, IgA- and IgM- containing cells predominated in the bulbourethral glands and the disseminated prostate, and they were scarce or null in the vesicles and ampullae. A significant increase of IgA-, IgG- and IgM- containing cells was confirmed in the seminal vesicles, the ampullae and the bulbourethral glands in the IE group. In the IE and IU groups, an increase in CD4, CD8, WC1, CD45RO and CD14 was evidenced in the vesicles and ampullae. CD1b dendritic cells were present in the ampullae and vesicles with inflammatory processes. A. seminis triggered a local immune response in the IE and IU groups. These results indicate a different pattern of infiltrating immune cells in the accessory sex glands of infected A. seminis rams.

In this work a comprehensive review of ewe pregnancy toxemia is presented. Different thematic sections were considered, for a better understanding of the predisposing factors involved, their pathophysiology, clinical signs, post mortem findings, and the diagnosis. Finally, an analysis of current therapy of the disease is presented.

En este trabajo se presenta una exhaustiva revisión de la toxemia de la gestación en la oveja. La misma ha sido dividida en diferentes secciones para lograr una mejor comprensión de los factores que predisponen a esta enfermedad, su patogenia, signos clínicos, los hallazgos postmortem y el diagnóstico. Por último se presenta un análisis de los distintos tratamientos que se utilizan en esta enfermedad.