Resumen La nanotecnología es considerada como la revolución industrial del siglo XXI, por esto la obtención y aplicación de nanopartículas (NPs) es de vital interés para muchos rubros de la ciencia e industria. El uso de las NPs-Fe3O4 obtenidas por síntesis verde se extiende desde la cosmética, medicina, remediación ambiental, eléctrica y electrónica, debido a sus características térmicas, ópticas y magnéticas, sin mencionar el bajo costo de producción. En esta revisión se analizan los factores con mayor efecto durante la síntesis de NPs-Fe3O4 como lo son el pH, la temperatura, el tiempo, la cantidad de precursores metálicos y cantidad de metabolitos secundarios; variables que afectan de manera directa el tamaño, forma y morfología de las NPs-Fe3O4.

Abstract Nanotechnology is considered the industrial revolution of the 21st century, for this reason obtaining and applying nanoparticles (NPs) is of vital interest to many areas of science and industry. The use of NPs-Fe3O4 obtained by green synthesis extends from cosmetics, medicine, environmental remediation, electrical and electronics, due to their thermal, optical and magnetic characteristics, not to mention low production cost. In this review, the factors with the greatest effect during the synthesis of NPs-Fe3O4 were analyzed, such as pH, temperature, time, the amount of metal precursors and the concentration of secondary metabolites; variables that arise directly from the size, shape and morphology of NPs- NPs- Fe3O4.

Abstract Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) are considered the main pests of Brazilian fruit production. Understanding the behavior of species is of great importance for the success of management strategies. This study was to determine the period and search time by attractive food for A. fraterculus and C. capitata adults by using three commercial food attractants: BioAnastrepha™ 5%; Isca Samaritá Tradicional™ 5% and Ceratrap™ 1.5%. The largest catches of A. fraterculus and C. capitata adults in McPhail traps occurred during the day between 6:30 am and 6:30 pm for both species. The BioAnastrepha™ food attractant provided the largest catches compared to Isca Samaritá Tradicional™ and Ceratrap™. In addition, there was a higher prevalence of capturing females than males, for both flies’ species. The period of largest search activity for food attractant was observed from 12h:31 pm to 04:30 pm for A. fraterculus and C. capitata, time of greatest temperature on the day. The definition of the period of largest activity of A. fraterculus and C. capitata adults in the field helps in the elaboration of management strategies to be adopted. Wiedemann, Wiedemann (Wiedemann 1830 1824 production A C attractants BioAnastrepha 5 Tradicional Ceratrap 15 1 1.5% 630 6 30 6:3 addition males flies 12h31 h 12h 31 12h:3 0430 04 04:3 adopted 183 182 1.5 63 3 6: 12h3 12h: 043 0 04: 18 1.

Resumen Se establecieron bioensayos de laboratorio, con el objetivo de evaluar la suscep-tibilidad de adultos del chinche marrón, Euchistus herus, a dos insecticidas orga-nofosforados: Clorpirifos y Acefato. Inicialmente, se determinó la LD50 de los productos y luego se evaluó el porcentaje de mortalidad causado por cada uno de ellos. El efecto de ambos químicos sobre la mortalidad se determinó a las 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas después de la aplicación mediante un diseño experimental con cua-tro (4) tratamientos y cuatro (4) repeticiones. No se detectó diferencias estadísti-camente significativas entre los diferentes tiempos evaluados. El porcentaje de mortalidad con el Acefato fue de 75% en contraste con el Clorpirifos cuyas morta-lidades fueron de 66,6%. Con el fin de alcanzar niveles de mortalidad superiores para lograr un control más efectivo de E. herus, se recomienda realizar ensayos con otros productos que presenten diferentes mecanismos de acción.

Abstract Laboratory test were stablished, with the objective of evaluate the susceptibility of adults of the brown bug, Euchistus herus, to two organophosphorus insecticides: Chlorpyrifos and Acephate. The LC50 of each chemical was initially determined. Later it was evaluated the effect of every product on the mortality of the insect at four different time periods after application. Four experimental treatments (24, 48, 72, 96 hours after the application) were distributed in a random design with 4 replicates each. Within each insecticide there were no significant differences between the mortality and the period of time after application. However, it was observed that Acephate killed 75% of the bugs, while the Chlorpyrifos had a mortality of 66.6%. In order to reach higher levels of mortality and control of E. herus it is recommended to evaluate other chemicals that present different modes of action.