ABSTRACT The work was intended to evaluate the effect of different organic compounds originating from the mixture of agroindustrial and urban wastes, as well as their doses in the physiology and production of cowpea. The experiment was conducted under a randomized block design, in a 4 x 5 + 2 factorial arrangement, with four organic fertilizers (3 composed obtained from of sewage sludge, green coconut shell, carnauba butt; and sewage sludge biochar), five doses (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 t ha-1) and two additional treatments (without fertilization and mineral fertilization). We evaluated the leaf gas exchange in three phenological stages and the productive aspects. Regarding the physiological variables, the compounds with carnauba butt and green coconut shell promoted the best results and throughout the crop cycle, the gas exchange decreased. The productive aspects were increased by about 60%, especially due to the treatments with organic compounds. The PCA can confirm the univariate results, with emphasis on compounds with green coconut shell and carnauba butt. The high percentage of explanation found in axis 1 (60.49%) may be associated with the fact that the gas exchange and production variables are highly responsive to fertilization. The treatment with biochar caused a reduction in both in the physiological and in the productive aspects. The compounds with carnauba tip and green coconut shell promote satisfactory results, being viable alternatives to complement chemical fertilization with an indicated dose of 300g pot-1 or 60 t ha-1.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes dosis (0,10, 20, 30, 40 y 50 t ha-1) de fibra de coco verde en sustrato de crecimiento sobre el desarrollo temprano y la fisiología de dos cultivares de soya (Pampeana 40RR y Pampeana 60RR). El experimento se llevó a cabo en un invernadero utilizando un diseño experimental completamente al azar en un arreglo factorial de 2x6 (dos genotipos y seis dosis) con cinco repeticiones. Cada repetición estuvo formada por una planta, totalizando 60 unidades experimentales. Se evaluaron variables biométricas (altura, número de hojas, diámetro del tallo, área foliar y masa seca) y fisiológicas (fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática, transpiración, carbono interno, eficiencia en el uso del agua y pigmentos fotosintéticos). Después de obtener los datos, a los 30 d después de la siembra, las medias fueron sometidas a análisis de varianza y, cuando fueron significativas según la prueba F, fueron sometidas a análisis de regresión y comparación de medias por la prueba de Tukey. A través del análisis de regresión, fue posible calcular la dosis mínima ideal para cada variable. Se observó un aumento en la altura de la planta, el diámetro del tallo, el número de hojas, el área foliar, la masa seca de hojas, masa seca de tallo y masa seca de raíces de alrededor de 51.10%, 31.60%, 52.83 %, 61.78%, 79.65%, 81.52%, y 6.06%, respectivamente, cuando comparamos los valores de las dosis mínimas con los puntos máximos encontrados en cada variable. En cuanto al intercambio de gases, el cultivar 60 RR fue superior al cultivar 40 RR. En conclusión, el compuesto de fibra de coco verde influyó positivamente en el crecimiento y fisiología de los cultivares, obteniendo la mejor respuesta con la dosis de 30 t ha-1.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 t ha-1) of green coconut fiber in growth substrate on the early development and physiology of two soybean cultivars (Pampeana 40RR and Pampeana 60RR). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a completely randomized experimental design in a 2x6 factorial arrangement (two genotypes and six doses) with five replicates. Each replicate was made up of one plant, totaling 60 experimental units. Biometric variables (height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry matter) and physiological variables (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon, water use efficiency, and photosynthetic pigments) were evaluated. After obtaining the data 30 d after sowing, the means were subjected to an analysis of variance and, when significant for the F test, they were subjected to regression analysis and comparison of means by the Tukey's test. Through the regression analysis, the ideal minimum dose for each variable could be calculated. We observed an increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, and root dry mass of around 51.10%, 31.60%, 52.83%, 61.78%, 79.65%, 81.52%, and 6.06%, respectively, when we compared the values of the minimum doses with the maximum points found in each variable. Regarding the gas exchange, cultivar 60 RR was superior to cultivar 40 RR. In conclusion, the green coconut fiber compound had a positive influence on the growth and physiology of the cultivars, with the best response being obtained at the dose of 30 t ha-1.