Resumen Introducción : Los pacientes críticamente enfermos a menudo desarrollan el Síndrome Post-Cuidados Inten sivos (PICS). Las pautas actuales de sedación se basan principalmente en agentes intravenosos. Los sedantes inhalados son una alternativa prometedora con farma cocinética favorable y beneficios potenciales en entor nos de cuidados críticos. Sin embargo, su aplicación en América Latina sigue sin explorarse. Métodos : Estudio de serie de casos que incluyó a pa cientes adultos de UCI que recibieron sedación profunda con sevoflurano utilizando el dispositivo conservador anestésico SEDANA. Se recopilaron datos demográficos, protocolos de sedación, eventos adversos y resultados. El análisis estadístico evaluó los cambios en el tiempo en los parámetros de laboratorio. Resultados : Se incluyeron once pacientes, a quienes se les administró sevoflurano a través de vías respi ratorias artificiales. Se incluyeron once pacientes, a quienes se les administró sevoflurano a través de vías respiratorias artificiales. La sedación inhalada llevó a la cesación exitosa de sedantes intravenosos en 10 de los 11 pacientes, con una reducción de al menos 30% la dosis de opioides. No se observaron efectos adversos significativos. Las barreras para la adherencia incluyeron problemas relacionados con el dispositivo y desafíos en la capacitación del personal de salud. Conclusión : El sevoflurano logró de manera efectiva los objetivos de sedación en pacientes de UCI, redu ciendo la necesidad de sedantes y opioides adicionales. Nuestros hallazgos respaldan la seguridad y eficacia de los sedantes inhalados en entornos de UCI y resaltan la importancia de una mayor investigación en esta área. Se necesitan estudios a más largo plazo para determinar completamente el impacto de los sedantes inhalados en pacientes de UCI.

Abstract Introduction : Critically ill patients often develop the Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Current se dation guidelines mainly rely on intravenous agents. Inhaled sedatives are a promising alternative with favorable pharmacokinetics and potential benefits in critical care settings. However, their application in Latin America remains unexplored. Methods : Case-series study that included adult ICU patients who underwent deep sedation with se voflurane using the SEDANA anesthetic conserving device. Data on demographics, sedation protocols, adverse events, and outcomes were collected. Statisti cal analysis assessed changes over time in laboratory parameters. Results : Eleven patients were included, with sevoflu rane administered via artificial airways. Inhaled sedation led to the successful cease of intravenous sedatives in 10 of 11 patients, and reduction of at least 30% in opioid dose. No significant adverse effects were observed. Ba rriers to adherence included device-related issues and challenges in healthcare staff training. Conclusion : Sevoflurane effectively achieved sedation goals in ICU patients, reducing the need for additional sedatives and opioids. Our findings support the safety and efficacy of inhaled sedatives in ICU settings and highlight the importance of further research in this area. Longer-term studies are needed to fully determine the impact of inhaled sedatives in ICU patients.

Resumo A resistência ao cisalhamento de elementos reforçados com fibras é geralmente prevista por meio de modelos analíticos, calibrados a partir de ensaios experimentais. Poucos resultados obtidos através desses ensaios levam em consideração a caracterização mecânica do material, permitindo avaliar os diferentes desempenhos do concreto reforçado com fibras. Este trabalho avalia a possibilidade de substituição da armadura mínima de cisalhamento de vigas de concreto armado por fibras de aço. Para isso, foram feitas comparações avaliando a resistência ao cisalhamento de 240 ensaios experimentais de vigas de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço (CRFA), utilizando formulações da literatura e normas internacionais para definir quais equações apresentam uma maior concordância com os dados experimentais. Assim, identificada essa expressão, foram desenvolvidos ábacos de dimensionamento de vigas em CRFA que determinam a quantidade de fibras de aço necessárias para substituir as armaduras mínimas de cisalhamento, conforme a NBR 6118 [1]. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo de Kwak et al. [2] apresentou resultados semelhantes aos obtidos em ensaios experimentais de vigas. Por fim, conclui-se que os ábacos desenvolvidos facilitarão a tomada de decisão no dimensionamento de vigas CRFA. analíticos material isso 24 CRFA, , (CRFA) Assim expressão 611 1. 1 . [1] al 2 [2 fim concluise conclui se (CRFA 61 [1 [ 6

Abstract The shear strength of fiber reinforced elements is usually predicted through analytical models calibrated from experimental tests. Few results obtained from these tests consider the mechanical characterization of the material, allowing to evaluate the different performances of fiber reinforced concrete. This work evaluates the possibility of replacing the minimum shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams with steel fibers. For this, comparations were made evaluating the shear strength of 240 experimental tests of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams using formulations from the literature and international standards, to define which equations are in better agreement with the experimental data. Thus, once this expression was identified, SFRC beam design abacuses were developed to determine the amount of steel fibers needed to replace the minimum shear reinforcement, according to NBR 6118 [1]. The results showed that the model by Kwak et al. [2] presented results similar to those obtained in experimental tests of beams. Finally, it is concluded that the developed abacuses will facilitate decision-making in the design of SFRC beams. material 24 (SFRC standards data Thus identified 611 1. 1 . [1] al 2 [2 Finally decisionmaking decision making 61 [1 [ 6

Resumo A ventilação natural é a principal estratégia passiva para a obtenção do conforto térmico no interior das edificações, além de promover a renovação do ar ambiente, tornando-o mais saudável. Nas últimas décadas, a Dinâmica dos Fluidos Computacional mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficiente para estimar a ventilação natural. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar, através do software livre de código aberto OpenFOAM, a ventilação promovida pela ação do vento no interior de modelos de edificações de pequena altura, observando como as condições geométricas influenciam a topologia do escoamento e as taxas de fluxo volumétrico. Para a verificação e validação do software emprega-se um modelo 3D de edificação com aberturas em faces opostas. Posteriormente, são estudados arranjos de três edificações, contudo, considerando o problema como bidimensional. Nos arranjos, testam-se três diferentes inclinações de terreno e quatro valores de afastamento entre as edificações. Os resultados mostram que a ventilação na segunda e terceira edificação é gradativamente recuperada com o aumento dos afastamentos e da inclinação do terreno, embora, não se atinge os valores obtidos na primeira edificação.

Abstract Natural ventilation is the main passive strategy for thermal comfort inside buildings and renewal of the air, making it healthier. In recent decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics has proven to be an efficient tool for estimating natural ventilation. The objective of this work was to study the ventilation from the action of the wind inside models of low-rise buildings to observe how geometric conditions influence the topology of the flow and volume flow ratesusing the open source software OpenFOAM. In order to verify and validate the software, a 3D building model with openings on opposite faces was used. Subsequently, arrays of three buildings were studied albeit considering the problem as two-dimensional. In the arrangements, three different terrain slopes and four distance values between buildings were tested. The results show that ventilation in the second and third buildings was gradually recovered with an increase in separation and terrain slope, although the values obtained in the first building were not reached.

An adaptive mesh strategy based on nodal re-allocation is presented in this work. This technique is applied to problems involving compressible flows with strong shocks waves, improving the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical solution. The initial mesh is continuously adapted during the solution process keeping, as much as possible, mesh smoothness and local orthogonality using an unconstrained nonlinear optimization method. The adaptive procedure, which is coupled to an edge-based error estimate aiming to equidistribute the error over the cell edges is the main contribution of this work. The flow is simulated using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with an explicit one-step Taylor-Galerkin scheme, in which an Arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian (ALE) description is employed to take into account mesh movement. Finally, to demonstrate the capabilities of the adaptive process, several examples of compressible inviscid flows are presented.

O conhecimento dos efeitos de substratos, do estádio de maturação dos frutos e da presença do arilo sobre a germinação das sementes do maracujá é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento desta cultura. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a germinação e o vigor de plantas de maracujazeiro 'amarelo' (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener) em diferentes estádios de maturação do fruto, arilo e substrato. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições de 25 sementes, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, com 2 estádios de maturação do fruto (maduro e murcho), presença e ausência do arilo e 3 substratos (vermiculita, areia e areia + terra + esterco (bovino). As características avaliadas foram: germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, plântulas normais e anormais, sementes duras e deterioradas e massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz (mg). As sementes de frutos murchos apresentaram maior porcentagem de germinação, acontecendo o mesmo quando se fez a remoção do arilo. A velocidade de emergência das plântulas foi favorecida pelo plantio de sementes de frutos murchos com arilo no substrato areia + terra + esterco.

The knowledge of substrate effects, stages of fruits maturation and presence of the aril on the passion fruit seeds germination is importante for development of this culture. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the germination and vigor of passion fruit seed on different stages of fruits maturation, substrate and presence of the aril. An experiment was set up on an entirely randomized design following a factorial arrangement of 2 x 2 x 3, with four replications of 25 seeds, in order to determine the effects of two stages of fruit maturation (ripe and withered), presence and absence of aril and three substrate (vermiculite, sand and soil+sand+dung (bovine). Evaluation were performed for the germination (%); index of emergency speed; normal and abnormal seedlings (%); hard seeds and deteriorated (%) and mass dries of aerial part and of root (mg). The seeds of (vermiculite, sand and soil+sand+dung (bovine). Evaluation were performed for the germination (%); index of emergency speed; normal and abnormal seedlings (%); hard seeds and deteriorated (%) and mass dries of aerial part and of root (mg). The withered fruits presented larger germination percentage, happening the same when it was made the removal of the arilo. The speed of emergency of the seedlings was favored by the planting of seeds of withered fruits with aril in the soil + sand + dung substrate.