ABSTRACT. The study aimed to evaluate performance and growth curves of broilers fed different nutritional relations. A total of 1,440 Cobb-500 male day-old chicks were assigned to eight treatments in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with six replicates of 30 birds each. The main factors were nutritional density (control and high), lysine source (HCl and sulfate), and calcium pidolate (presence and absence). Analyses were made for body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion rate (FCR) at 21, and 42 days of age. The growth curves were adjusted by weighing a bird per plot every three days. Data for BWG were tested by ANOVA to evaluate the effects of treatments and their interactions at 5% significance, and the Gompertz model was adjusted by NLS. Birds fed a high nutritional density had higher BWG and lower FCR. Calcium pidolate and different sources of lysine did not influence the FCR of broilers, however a triple interaction was evidenced for BWG at 1 to 42 days of age. The day with maximum gain adjusted by Gompertz of all treatments was at the 32nd day of age and the maximum weight (A) was around 5.85 kg. ABSTRACT relations 1440 440 1,44 Cobb500 Cobb 500 Cobb-50 dayold old 3 each control high, , high) HCl sulfate, sulfate sulfate) presence absence. absence . absence) BWG, (BWG) (FCR 21 4 5 significance NLS nd (A 585 85 5.8 kg 144 44 1,4 Cobb50 50 Cobb-5 (BWG 58 8 5. 14 1, Cobb5 Cobb-

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros de desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes, qualidade de carne, atividade plasmática de glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px) e deposição tecidual de selênio em frangos de corte alimentados com Se de fontes orgânica (Se-levedura) e inorgânica (selenito de sódio). Um total de 1.200 pintos Cobb 500, machos com um dia de idade, foram distribuídos inteiramente ao acaso em quatro tratamentos, com dez repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de dois níveis de Se-levedura (3.000 e 2.000 ppm), de selenito de sódio (45,7%), e da combinação entre selenito de sódio e 3.000 ppm de Se-levedura. Todas as dietas, à base de milho e farelo de soja, foram suplementadas com 0,3 ppm de Se. Entre os tratamentos, não houve diferenças quanto a desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e de cortes, e qualidade de carne. Dietas apenas com Se-levedura proporcionaram carnes com menores valores de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico. Observaram-se maior atividade de GSH-Px com 3.000 ppm Se-levedura e maior deposição muscular de Se com Se-levedura. As fontes de Se não afetam os parâmetros de desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça; no entanto, a fonte orgânica 3.000 ppm de Se-levedura resulta em maior deposição do mineral no músculo e maior estabilidade oxidativa da carne.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate performance parameters, carcass and cut yields, meat quality, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and selenium tissue deposition for broilers fed with Se from organic (Se-yeast) and inorganic (sodium selenite) sources. A total of 1,200 Cobb 500 chicks, males with one day of age, were randomly distributed into four treatments with ten replicates. The treatments consisted of two Se-yeast levels (3,000 and 2,000 ppm), sodium selenite (45.7%), and the combination between sodium selenite and 3,000 ppm Se-yeast. All diets, based on corn and soybean meal, were supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se. Among treatments, there were no differences for performance, carcass and cut yields, and meat quality. Diets containing only Se-yeast provided meat with lower values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. A higher GSH-Px activity was observed with 3,000 ppm Se-yeast and a greater deposition of Se in the muscle tissue with Se-yeast. The sources of Se do not affect performance parameters and carcass yield; however, the organic source 3,000 ppm Se-yeast results in a greater deposition of the mineral in the muscle and in a greater oxidative stability in the meat.

ABSTRACT A trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of different levels of microalgae Schizochytrium sp. on performance, yolk lipid profile, and egg quality of Japanese quail. A flock of 210 quail was distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g of Schizochytrium sp./kg of feed) and six replications with seven birds per cage. Performance and egg quality were not affected, except for a quadratic effect on yolk color, which reached the maximum value with the inclusion of 40 g of Schizochytrium sp./kg. There was linear reduction in the content of saturated fatty acids and a linear increase of polyunsaturated:saturated and polyunsaturated:monounsaturated ratios and n-6. The content of n-3 showed a minimum value with the inclusion of 6.5 g of Schizochytrium sp./kg, and the n-6:n-3 ratio was maximized with the addition of 10.5 g of microalgae/kg. As for the sensory attributes color, aroma, and overall impression, there was linear increase with the addition of increasing levels of microalgae. The inclusion of up to 40 g of microalgae Schizochytrium sp./kg in the diet of Japanese quail did not present changes in the performance nor in the egg quality but accentuated the yolk color, promoted the fortification of n-3 in the eggs, and still provided excellent sensorial acceptance. The egg fortification can add value to the product, increasing the producer remuneration and improving the nutritional quality of the diet for humans.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of alpha-amylase supplementation on performance and carcass and cuts yield in broilers during finishing phase (21 to 42 days). A completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and eight replications was used: Positive Control (PC): no enzyme; Negative control (NC): without enzyme formulated with 6.34% less energy (- 6.34% ME); NC1: with 250 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC2: with 500 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC3: with 750 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC4: with 1000 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase. Significant differences in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were reported with the inclusion of alpha-amylase. The NC treatment with inclusion of amylase provided improvement values of weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake, but do not was similarly in comparison to those obtained in broilers fed a diet that completely met the requirements during this phase. There was no dietary influence on carcass parameters. The use of alpha-amylase was effective in improving performance in broilers fed a diet of 200 kcal kg-1 of reduced metabolizable energy.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to ascertain the influence of different dietary fiber sources and the usage of xylanase on diet of commercial layers and their influence on productive performance, egg quality, and digestive organ biometry. A total of 864 Lohmann® White hens was fed diets with three different fiber sources (wheat bran, soybean hull, or coffee husk) with or without xylanase inclusion (concentration of 160,000 BXU/g) in a 3×2 factorial arrangement, with six replicates of 24 birds each, from 25 to 44 weeks of age. There were no interactions between dietary fiber and xylanase inclusion. The enzyme supplementation did not influence any parameters evaluated. There were dietary fiber effects on body weight gain, viability, egg weight, eggshell quality, yolk pigmentation, and liver and gizzard relative weights. Wheat bran, soybean hull, and coffee husk can be used in laying hen diets without detrimental effect on productive performance. The enzyme used had no effect on the performance and eggshell quality of laying hens.

RESUMO: Um experimento foi conduzido para estudar os efeitos de duas fontes e diferentes níveis de selênio (Se) sobre o desempenho, concentração de Se e atividade da glutationa peroxidase no plasma e fígado de leitões após o desmame. Um total de 126 leitões desmamados machos e fêmeas (Large White × Landrace), com peso corporal médio de 7,2±0,67kg foram distribuídos em sete tratamentos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com duas fontes de Se (orgânico e inorgânico), com níveis de inclusão: dois níveis para a fonte inorgânica (0,30 e 0,60ppm), quatro para a fonte orgânica (0,15, 0,30, 0,45 e 0,60ppm) e uma dieta de controle sem suplemento de Se contendo 0,095ppm em seis repetições de três animais por baia. O período experimental foi de 35 dias após o desmame. A fonte orgânica continha 0,2067% (Se- Levedura) e a inorgânica (Selenito de sódio) 45,86% de Se analisado. Os leitões que receberam Se suplementar tiveram menor consumo de alimento em comparação com os que não foram suplementados. Além disso, a conversão alimentar foi melhor com a suplementação dietética de selênio e a fonte orgânica foi melhor do que a fonte inorgânica ao nível de 0,30ppm. A concentração plasmática de Se foi maior (35,53%) nos animais que receberam suplementação dietética deste mineral, independentemente das fontes estudadas. Não houve efeito de fontes no Se plasmático e hepático, com os valores mais baixos observados para a não suplementação e Se orgânico no nível de dieta de 0,15ppm. Houve uma redução linear da atividade GSH-Px plasmática com níveis de suplementação aumentados de Se orgânico e a atividade hepática GSH-Px aumentou linearmente com o aumento da suplementação, independente da fonte estudada.

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to study the effects of two sources and dietary levels of selenium (Se) on performance, Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and liver of piglets post weaning. A total of 126 weaned pigs male and female Large White × Landrace, at average body weight of 7.2±0.67kg were allotted to seven treatments in a randomized block design, with two Se sources (organic and inorganic), inclusion levels, two levels for the inorganic source (0.30 and 0.60ppm) and four for the organic source (0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60ppm) and one control diet without Se supplementation containing 0.095ppm, and six replicates of three animals per pen. The experimental period was 35 days post-weaning. The organic source contained 0.2067% (Se-yeast), and the inorganic 45.86% (sodium selenite) analyzed. Piglets that received supplemental Se had lower feed intake compared to those not supplemented. Furthermore, feed conversion was better with dietary supplementation of Se, and the organic source was better than the inorganic source at level of 0.30ppm. Plasma concentration of Se was higher (35.53%) in animals receiving dietary supplementation of this mineral, regardless of the sources studied. There was no effect of sources on plasma and hepatic Se, with the lowest values observed for the non-supplementation and organic Se at dietary level of 0.15ppm. There was a linear reduction of plasma GSH-Px activity with increased supplementation levels of organic Se, and the hepatic GSH-Px activity increased linearly with the increased supplementation, regardless of the source studied.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação da enzima protease sobre o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade de casca de poedeiras semipesadas. Utilizaram-se 240 poedeiras da linhagem comercial Isa Brown com 44 semanas de idade. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo (5 períodos de 21 dias cada) com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições (10 aves por repetição). Foram avaliados: produção de ovos, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, peso médio dos ovos, perda de ovos, gravidade específica, porcentagem e espessura de casca. Após a coleta, os dados foram submetidos à análise pelo pacote estatístico SISVAR com as médias comparadas pelo teste de SNK a 5% de probabilidade. Para as variáveis de qualidade externa dos ovos, não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05) dos tratamentos. Conclui-se que a suplementação de 500 g ton-1 da protease (100 U g-1), em dietas com redução dos níveis nutricionais, proporciona produção de ovos e conversão alimentar semelhantes aos obtido em poedeiras semipesadas, recebendo ração com níveis nutricionais indicados pelo manual da linhagem, porém não mostra efeito sobre a qualidade de casca dos ovos.

The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of protease enzyme supplementation on performance parameters and quality shell of laying hens. We used 240 Isa Brown commercial laying hens with 44 weeks of age. A completely randomized split-plot design (5 periods of 21 days) with four treatments and six replications (10 hens per replication) was used. The experimental diets were formulated according to the requirements of the breed. The following parameters were evaluated: egg production, feed intake, feed conversion, average egg weight, egg loss, specific gravity, percentage and shell thickness. After collection, the data were analyzed with SISVAR Statistical Package, and the means compared by SNK test at 5% probability. It was concluded that supplementation of diets low in nutrients with 500 g ton-1 of protease (100 U g-1), provides egg production and feed conversion rates similar to those obtained in laying hens fed diet with the nutritional level recommended for the breed. However, protease supplementation did not show effect on egg shell quality.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de colecalciferol (D3) e 25 hidroxicolecalciferol (25-OHD3) como fontes isoladas ou associadas (100%-0%; 75%-25%; 50%-50%; 25%-75%; 0%-100%) de vitamina D sobre o desempenho, a qualidade de casca e as características ósseas, em galinhas poedeiras de ovos brancos de 24 semanas de idade alimentadas com duas concentrações de cálcio (Ca) e fósforo disponível (Pdisp) na dieta basal (DB) (DB1 = 0,38% Ca - 0,36% Pdisp e DB2= 3,2% Ca - 0,30 % Pdisp), durante um período experimental de 16 semanas. Foram utilizadas 960 galinhas Dekalb White em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições e doze aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de um fatorial (5x2), associações de vitamina D e concentrações de Ca e Pdisp. As fontes de vitamina D associadase a maior concentração de Ca e Pdisp diminuíram o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar. Além disso, a maior concentração de Ca e Pdisp incrementou a produção e massa de ovo. A suplementação a partir de 50% de 25-OHD3 entre as associações de vitamina D aumentou a porcentagem de casca do ovo. Houve interação entre as fontes de vitamina D e as concentrações de Ca e Pdisp. As fontes de vitamina D na DB1 com pelo menos 50% de 25-OHD3 incrementaram a porcentagem de cinzas e a densitometria óssea radiográfica (BRD). A suplementação de 25-OHD3 na DB2 como fonte isolada de vitamina D aumentou a BRD.

The effect of cholecalciferol (D3) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) as isolated or associated sources of vitamin D (100%-0%, 75%-25%, 50%-50%, 25%-75%, 0%-100%) on the productive performance, egg quality, and bone characteristics was evaluated in white egg-laying hens fed two levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the basal diet (BD) (BD1 = 0.38% Ca - 0.36% available P and BD2 = 3.2% Ca - 0.30% available P). Nine hundred and sixty Dekalb White hens (24 weeks old) were distributed into 80 cages, under a completely randomized factorial design for 16 weeks. The use of associated sources of vitamin D reduced the feed intake and feed conversion ratio, as well as BD1, which also increased the egg production and egg mass. The association of vitamin D sources with up to 50% 25-OHD3 increased the eggshell percentage. There was interaction (p<0.05) between the sources of vitamin D and the concentrations of Ca and available P, sources with at least 50% 25-OHD3 increased ash percentage and bone radiographic densitometry (BRD) with BD1; in BD2 the use of 25-OHD3 as isolated vitamin D source increased BRD. The association of D3 and 25-OHD3 improved the productive performance, increased the percentage of eggshell and had different positive effects on the bone characteristics that depend on the concentrations of Ca and available P in the balanced feed of white egg-laying hens.

O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a associação de fitase com um complexo enzimático composto por carboidrases (α-galactosidase, galactomananase, xilanase e β-glucanase) em dieta com redução nutricional para poedeiras semipesadas e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho e qualidade de ovos. Foram distribuídas 400 poedeiras Isa Brown de 42 a 57 semanas de idade em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições, sendo cinco períodos de produção, com 21 dias cada. As variáveis estudadas foram: produção de ovos, consumo de ração, peso médio dos ovos e conversão alimentar, unidade Haugh, porcentagens de gema, casca e albúmen, cor da gema, espessura da casca e gravidade específica. Houve interação significativa (p < 0,05) entre tratamentos e períodos experimentais para o consumo de ração. Não houve efeitos significativos (p > 0,05) dos tratamentos sobre produção e sobre as variáveis de peso médio e de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. Houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a conversão alimentar, com melhor valor para aves que receberam o tratamento controle. Os níveis adotados de redução nutricional das dietas com ou sem suplementação enzimática não proporcionaram bons resultados no que diz respeito à conversão alimentar e consumo de ração, não afetando, porém, os demais parâmetros produtivos e de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the association of phytase with an enzymatic complex comprised of carbohydrases (α-galactosidase, galactomannan, xylanase and β-glucanase) in nutrition reduction diets for semi-heavy laying hens and its effect on egg performance and egg quality. Four hundred Isa Brown laying hens with 42 to 57 weeks of age were distributed in an entirely random experiment with five treatments and 8 repetitions, during five production periods of 21 days. Variables studied: egg production, feed intake, mean egg weight, feed conversion, Haugh unit, percentage of yolk, egg white and albumen, yolk color, eggshell thickness and specific gravity. There was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between treatments and experimental periods for feed intake. There were no significant effects (p > 0.05) of treatment on production, egg weight or internal and external egg quality. Treatment effects on feed conversion showed better values for hens fed with the control diet. The levels of nutrient reduction used in the diets with or without enzyme supplementation did not provide good results with regard to feed conversion and feed intake. However, they did not affect the other parameters for egg production and internal and external egg quality.

A ocorrência de ovos quebrados depende diretamente da qualidade da casca. É importante considerar que o problema de ovos quebrados não se deve a um único fator, mas sim a uma combinação de fatores. Defeitos de casca, irregularidades no formato da casca, textura e superfície são comumente observados durante um ciclo regular de postura e as causas são várias. A incidência de ovos descartados ainda representa uma importante fonte de prejuízo econômica à indústria, em razão da perda desses ovos e necessidade de processamento adicional. É possível obter significativa redução no número de ovos perdidos, pela qualidade inferior da casca ,focando-se em uma nutrição adequada, no controle de doenças do plantel, em boas práticas de produção e no uso de linhagens de aves que produzam ovos com melhor qualidade de casca.

The occurrence of broken eggs directly depends on the quality of the shell. It is important to consider that the problem of broken eggs is not due to a single factor but a combination of factors. Shell defects, irregularities in shell shape, texture and surface are commonly observed during a regular egg laying cycle and the causes are varied. The incidence of downgraded eggs still represents an important source of economic loss for the egg industry due to products damage and need for further processing. It is possible to obtain significant reduction in the number of eggs lost due to the inferior quality of the shell attempting to an adequate nutrition, disease control, good management practices, and use of genetic lines with higher quality eggshell traits.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de valores de equivalência da fitase como base para redução de fósforo disponível (P-disp) em dietas para frangos. Foram avaliados dez planos nutricionais com seis repetições de 15 aves cada uma. Avaliaram-se: desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e custo da ração. De 1 a 7 e de 36 a 42 dias de idade, as aves receberam dieta basal; de 8 a 21 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,9 g kg-1 de P-disp e quatro dietas com fitase contendo de 1,1 a 2,5 g kg-1 de P-disp; e de 22 a 35 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp mais dieta com fitase contendo 1,6 g kg-1 de P-disp. O melhor plano nutricional foi composto pelas dietas: 4,7 g kg-1 de P-disp sem fitase (1 a 7 dias); 2,0 g kg-1 de P-disp suplementada com fitase (8 a 21 dias); 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (22 a 35 dias); e 3,0 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (36 a 42 dias). A redução do P-disp ocorre no período de 8 a 21 dias de idade e corresponde a 2,0 g kg-1 de ração suplementada com fitase.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of equivalency values of phytase as a basis for reduction of available phosphorus (aP) in broiler diets. Ten nutritional programs were evaluated with six replicates of 15 birds each. The following were evaluated: performance, tibia ash content, and feed costs. From 1 to 7 and 36 to 42 days of age, the birds received basal diet; from 8 to 21 days, diet without phytase containing 3.9 g kg-1 aP and four diets with phytase containing from 1.1 to 2.5 g kg-1 aP; and from 22 to 35 days, diet without phytase containing 3.4 g kg-1 aP plus diet with phytase containing 1.6 g kg-1 aP. The best nutritional plan was formed by the diets: 4.7 g kg-1 aP without phytase (1 to 7 days); 2.0 g kg-1 aP supplemented with phytase (8 to 21 days); 3.4 g kg-1 aP in feed without phytase (22 to 35 days); and 3.0 g kg-1 aP in feed without phytase (36 to 42 days). The reduction of aP occurs in the period from 8 to 21 days of age and corresponds to 2.0 g kg-1 of feed supplemented with phytase.

A redução do teor de fósforo disponível (Pdisp) na dieta de frangos deve ser acompanhada de adequada suplementação da fitase. Um experimento foi conduzido com frangos de corte, no período de 15 a 28 dias de idade, para determinar o nível de fitase necessário quando a ração farelada é formulada com 0,213% de Pdisp para permitir resultados de desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e aproveitamento do cálcio (Ca) semelhantes ao determinado para aves alimentadas com uma dieta formulada para atender suas exigências nutricionais. Desse modo, 120 frangos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial (4+1) x2, correspondendo a quatro rações deficientes em Pdisp (0,213%) suplementadas com fitase (0; 750; 1.500 ou 2.250FTU kg-1) mais uma ração controle positivo sem fitase (0,426% de Pdisp), fornecidas a frangos machos e fêmeas. Os machos apresentaram melhor desempenho e maior retenção de Ptotal. A redução do teor de Pdisp da dieta sem o uso de fitase piorou o desempenho, o teor de cinzas ósseas e a retenção do Ca, todavia, esses parâmetros foram gradativamente melhorados com o aumento do nível de fitase na ração. Independente do sexo, ao utilizar 2.250FTU kg-1, é possível reduzir o teor de Pdisp para 0,213% sem prejudicar o desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e a retenção do Ca, além de reduzir a excreção do Ptotal em 56,75% e melhorar seu aproveitamento em 38,58%.

The reduction of the available phosphorus (avP) content in the broiler diet must be followed by the supplementation of adequate phytase. One experiment was conducted with broilers from 15 to 28 days of age to determine the level of necessary phytase when the mashed diet is formulated with 0.213% of avP to enable the results of performance, tibia ash content, and calcium (Ca) utilization similar to those determined for birds fed with diet formulated to meet their nutritional requirements. Thus, 120 broilers were distributed in (4+1) x2 factorial arrangement corresponding to four deficient diets in avP (0.213%) supplemented with phytase (0; 750; 1,500 or 2,250FTU kg-1) plus one positive control diet without phytase (0.426% of avP), supplied to male and female broilers. Males showed better performance and higher totalP retention. Decrease in the avP content of the diet without phytase use worsened the performance, tibia ash content, and Ca retention; however, these parameters were improved gradually with the increase of the phytase level in the diet. Regardless of sex, using 2,250FTU kg-1, it is possible to reduce the avP to 0.213% without impairing performance, tibia ash content, and Ca retention; in addition to reducing the totalP excretion in 56.75% and improving its utilization in 38.58%.

Nesta revisão, os autores buscam informar sobre os vários aspectos relacionados à qualidade e ao consumo de ovos ao nível mundial, reportando as diferenças que existem entre os países e a importância que esse alimento representa para o fornecimento de nutrientes essenciais para nutrir e manter a saúde humana. Ao mesmo tempo, a revisão enfoca os estudos específicos, que indicam as novas descobertas sobre o enriquecimento dos ovos e sua ação auxiliar, no controle de problemas de saúde humana. Existe a perspectiva de incrementos no nível de consumo, principalmente nos países onde a ingestão é baixa e, assim, melhorar a nutrição humana com esse alimento de baixo custo e, no entanto, de alta qualidade nutricional.

This present review intends to provide information and update the reader about diverse aspects of quality and consumption of eggs, the variation among consumer preference worldwide emphasizing the upper status this food represents as source of essential nutrients for human health. This review mainly focus on topics regarding production and quality of table eggs, emphasizing some aspects of the egg market, trend in egg intake and consumers perceptions regarding egg content and nutritious values. Additionally, results from specific studies that provide new findings about the role of enrichment egg components on health, prevention and treatment of diseases are discussed. A novel viewpoint is proposed in this review, highlighting the perspective for an increase of consumption of egg and egg products, mainly in markets where the consumption pattern is known to be low. How the information about shell eggs and its nutrients reach the consumer strongly affect the way this food of higher biological functions takes part in the human diet.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the use of probiotic based upon Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (BS) in broiler diets containing or not conventional additive growth-promoter (AGP). A total of 1,824 one-day-old chicks of the Cobb-500 strain were used and distributed into 48 plots (1.50 × 2.00 m). A completely randomized design with four treatments and 12 repetitions was adopted. The treatments evaluated were: 1- Negative Control - AGP-free diet (NC); 2 - Positive Control, with AGP halquinol 30 mg/kg diet (PC); 3 - NC + BS (3x10(5) cfu/g diet); and 4 - PC + BS (3x10(5) cfu/g diet). The diets were on corn, soybean meal and meat and bone meal basis, formulated according to the nutrient allowances of the Strain Cobb Guide, following a feed program with three diets (starter, grower and finisher). At 21 and 42 days of age, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were evaluated, and carcass yield characteristics were determined at 42 days of age. Throughout the trial period (starter and total phases), better feed conversion was found for broilers fed diet with both additives (AGP and BS) combined. At the end of the experiment (1 to 42 days), the highest weight gain also occurred in broilers fed diets with a combination of the two additives. In present study, the use of BS or AGP alone in diets did not affect the performance of broilers. The carcass yield was not influenced by the use of the additives and beneficial effects of supplementation of BS and AGP combined in the diet on broiler performance were observed.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da associação de carboidrases e fitase em dietas de poedeiras. Foram utilizadas 300 poedeiras Isa Brown com 26 semanas, submetidas aos tratamentos: Controle Positivo: sem enzimas e valorização dos nutrientes; T2: valorização em 1,5 e 6% a EMA (kcal kg-1), do milho e o farelo de soja, respectivamente, e redução nos níveis nutricionais conforme a matriz nutricional para a fitase; T3: valorização da EMA do milho e o farelo de soja (idem T2) e redução nos níveis de cálcio e fósforo conforme matriz nutricional da fitase; T4: T2 suplementado com 100 g t-1 de carboidrases e 30 g t-1 de fitase; T5: T3 suplementado com 100 g t-1 de carboidrases e 30 g t-1 de fitase. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, seis repetições e parcela subdividida no tempo (6 períodos de 21 dias). Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre a produção, consumo, peso dos ovos e qualidade dos ovos. A valorização dos nutrientes preconizada com a utilização das enzimas foi eficiente tecnicamente para manutenção do desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas nas condições avaliadas, necessitando de outras pesquisas com maior redução nos níveis energéticos para avaliação do efeito das enzimas sobre a disponibilidade de energia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of carbohydrases and phytase in diets of laying hens. A total of 300 Isa Brown hens at 26 weeks were submitted to the following treatments: Positive Control: without enzyme and nutrient recovery, T2: enrichment by 1.5 and 6% AME (kcal kg-1) of corn and soybean meal, respectively, and reduction in nutrient levels as the nutrient matrix for the phytase; T3: EMA enrichment of corn and soybean meal (T2 identification) and reduced levels of calcium and phosphorus as the phytase nutrient matrix; T4: T2 supplemented with 100 g ton.-1 of carbohydrases and 30 g ton.-1 of phytase; T5: T3 supplemented with 100 g ton.-1 of carbohydrases and 30 g ton.-1 of phytase. We used a randomized design, six replications and split plot in time (6 periods of 21 days each). No significant effects of treatments were observed on production, consumption, egg weight and egg quality. The enrichment of nutrients preconized by the use of enzymes were technically efficient to maintain the performance and egg quality of laying hens in the evaluated conditions, requiring further research with greater reduction in energy levels to evaluate the effect of enzymes on the availability of energy.