ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the use of private services in infant vaccination and assess vaccination coverage according to the service used. Methods : This was a national vaccination survey conducted in 2020 that estimated the use of private vaccination services and vaccination coverage among infants residing in state capitals and 12 inland municipalities. Results : Of the 37,801 participants, 25.1% (95%CI 23.2;27.2) used private services at least once, with higher proportions in capitals, larger cities and in the South and Southeast regions. Socioeconomic and demographic differences were identified among families, based on the service used. The coverage for the set of vaccines administered up to 24 months was 60.3% (95%CI 58.6;62.0) in the public service and 59.5% (95%CI 55.9;63.0) in private services, and up-to-date vaccines, 10.3% (95%CI 9.1;11.6) and 9.4% (95%CI 7.4;11.8), respectively. Conclusion The use of private services was frequent, with low coverage for the set of vaccines, regardless of the type of service used, especially for up-to-date vaccines.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar a utilização dos serviços privados na vacinação de lactentes e avaliar as coberturas vacinais segundo serviço utilizado. Métodos Inquérito nacional de vacinação realizado em 2020 que estimou a utilização de serviços privados de vacinação e as coberturas vacinais de lactentes residentes nas capitais dos estados, no Distrito Federal e em 12 municípios do interior. Resultados Dos 37.801 participantes, 25,1% (IC95% 23,2;27,2) utilizaram alguma vez serviços privados, com maiores proporções em capitais, cidades de maior porte e regiões Sul e Sudeste. Identificaram-se diferenças socioeconômicas e demográficas nas famílias, segundo o serviço utilizado. A cobertura para o conjunto de vacinas aplicadas até 24 meses foi de 60,3% (IC95% 58,6;62,0) no serviço público e de 59,5% (IC95% 55,9;63,0) no privado, e das vacinas em dia, de 10,3% (IC95% 9,1;11,6) e 9,4% (IC95% 7,4;11,8), respectivamente. Conclusão A utilização dos serviços privados foi frequente, com baixas coberturas para o conjunto de vacinas, independentemente do tipo de serviço utilizado, especialmente para vacinas em dia.

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ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of organic acids on the intestinal integrity and productive performance of broiler chickens experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis. Additionally, Salmonella colonization levels in internal organs were evaluated. The study included 576 one-day-old CobbTM male broilers, distributed into eight treatment groups and six replicates. A completely randomized experimental design (encapsulated butyric acid × inoculation by Salmonella Enteritidis) was used. Poultry was orally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis in the first day (0 or 2.0 × 106 CFU/mL) and after 22 days of age (0 or 1.0 × 109 CFU/ mL). The butyric acid was added to the feed in different concentration (treatments 0.03, 0.075, and 0.15%), and the chickens were raised up to 42 days old. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% increased the body weight gain and the average weight of the chickens up to 21 days old. After 14 days old, the butyric acid had a positive effect on jejunum villus. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% in feed improves the performance and intestinal integrity of chickens. Additionally evaluated 57 onedayold one old broilers replicates encapsulated used 0 ( 20 2 2. 10 CFU/mL CFUmL CFU mL 1 1. mL. . mL) treatments 003 03 0.03 0075 075 0.075 0.15%, 015 0.15% , 15 0.15%) 4 villus 5 00 0.0 007 07 0.07 01 0.15 0. 0.1

Resumo Fundamento: Atualmente, o excesso de ventilação tem sido fundamentado na relação entre ventilação-minuto/produção de dióxido de carbono ( V ˙ E − V ˙ CO 2). Alternativamente, uma nova abordagem para eficiência ventilatória ( η E V ˙) tem sido publicada. Objetivo: Nossa hipótese principal é que níveis comparativamente baixos de η E V ˙ entre insuficiência cardíaca crônica (ICC) e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) são atingíveis para um nível semelhante de desempenho aeróbico máximo e submáximo, inversamente aos métodos estabelecidos há muito tempo (inclinação V ˙ E − V ˙ CO 2 e intercepto). Métodos: Ambos os grupos realizaram testes de função pulmonar, ecocardiografia e teste de exercício cardiopulmonar. O nível de significância adotada na análise estatística foi 5%. Assim, dezenove indivíduos elegíveis para DPOC e dezenove indivíduos elegíveis para ICC completaram o estudo. Com o objetivo de contrastar valores completos de V ˙ E − V ˙ CO 2 e η E V ˙ para o período de exercício (100%), correlações foram feitas com frações menores, como 90% e 75% dos valores máximos. Resultados: Os dois grupos tiveram características correspondentes para a idade (62±6 vs 59±9 anos, p>.05), sexo (10/9 vs 14/5, p>0,05), IMC (26±4 vs 27±3 Kg m2, p>0,05), e pico V ˙ O 2 (72±19 vs 74±20 % pred, p>0,05), respectivamente. A inclinação V ˙ E − V ˙ CO 2 e intercepto foram significativamente diferentes para DPOC e ICC (207,2±1,4 vs 33,1±5,7 e 5,3±1,9 vs 1,7±3,6, p<0,05 para ambas), mas os valores médios da η E V ˙ foram semelhantes entre os grupos (10,2±3,4 vs 10,9±2,3%, p=0,462). As correlações entre 100% do período do exercício com 90% e 75% dele foram mais fortes para η E V ˙ (r>0,850 para ambos). Conclusão: A η E V ˙ é um método valioso para comparação entre doenças cardiopulmonares, com mecanismos fisiopatológicos até agora distintos, incluindo restrições ventilatórias na DPOC. Fundamento Atualmente ventilaçãominuto/produção ventilaçãominutoprodução minuto/produção minuto produção 2. . 2) Alternativamente publicada Objetivo (ICC (DPOC submáximo intercepto. intercepto) Métodos cardiopulmonar 5 5% Assim estudo 100%, 100 , (100%) menores 90 75 máximos Resultados 62±6 626 62 6 (62± 599 59 9 59± anos p>.05, p05 p p>.05 05 p>.05) 10/9 109 10 (10/ 145 14 14/5 p>0,05, p005 p>0,05 0 p>0,05) 26±4 264 26 4 (26± 273 27 3 27± m2 m 72±19 7219 72 19 (72±1 7420 74 20 74±2 pred respectivamente 207,2±1,4 207214 207 1 (207,2±1, 33157 33 7 33,1±5, 5319 5,3±1, 1736 1,7±3,6 p<0,0 ambas, ambas ambas) 10,2±3,4 10234 (10,2±3, 10923 10,9±2,3% p=0,462. p0462 p=0,462 462 p=0,462) r>0,850 r0850 r 850 (r>0,85 ambos. ambos ambos) Conclusão cardiopulmonares distintos ventilaçãominuto minutoprodução (100% 62± (62 p0 p>.0 10/ (10 14/ p00 p>0,0 26± (26 72±1 721 (72± 742 74± 207,2±1, 20721 (207,2±1 3315 33,1±5 531 5,3±1 173 1,7±3, p<0, 10,2±3, 1023 (10,2±3 1092 10,9±2,3 p046 p=0,46 46 r>0,85 r085 85 (r>0,8 (100 (6 p>. (1 p>0, (2 72± (72 207,2±1 2072 (207,2± 331 33,1± 53 5,3± 17 1,7±3 p<0 10,2±3 102 (10,2± 10,9±2, p04 p=0,4 r>0,8 r08 8 (r>0, p> p>0 (7 207,2± (207,2 33,1 5,3 1,7± p< 10,2± (10,2 10,9±2 p=0, r>0, r0 (r>0 207,2 (207, 33, 5, 1,7 10,2 (10, 10,9± p=0 r>0 (r> 207, (207 1, 10, 10,9 p= r> (r (20

Abstract Background: Currently, excess ventilation has been grounded under the relationship between minute-ventilation/carbon dioxide output ( V ˙ E − V ˙ CO 2). Alternatively, a new approach for ventilatory efficiency ( η E V ˙) has been published. Objective: Our main hypothesis is that comparatively low levels of η E V ˙ between chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are attainable for a similar level of maximum and submaximal aerobic performance, conversely to long-established methods ( V ˙ E − V ˙ CO 2 slope and intercept). Methods: Both groups performed lung function tests, echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Thus, nineteen COPD and nineteen CHF-eligible subjects completed the study. With the aim of contrasting full values of V ˙ E − V ˙ CO 2 and η V ˙ E for the exercise period (100%), correlations were made with smaller fractions, such as 90% and 75% of the maximum values. Results: The two groups attained matched characteristics for age (62±6 vs. 59±9 yrs, p>.05), sex (10/9 vs. 14/5, p>0.05), BMI (26±4 vs. 27±3 Kg m2, p>0.05), and peak V ˙ O 2 (72±19 vs. 74±20 %pred, p>0.05), respectively. The V ˙ E − V ˙ CO 2 slope and intercept were significantly different for COPD and CHF (27.2±1.4 vs. 33.1±5.7 and 5.3±1.9 vs. 1.7±3.6, p<0.05 for both), but η V ˙ E average values were similar between-groups (10.2±3.4 vs. 10.9±2.3%, p=0.462). The correlations between 100% of the exercise period with 90% and 75% of it were stronger for η V ˙ E (r>0.850 for both). Conclusion: The η V ˙ E is a valuable method for comparison between cardiopulmonary diseases, with so far distinct physiopathological mechanisms, including ventilatory constraints in COPD. Background Currently minuteventilation/carbon minuteventilationcarbon minute ventilation/carbon carbon 2. . 2) Alternatively published Objective (CHF (COPD performance longestablished long established intercept. intercept) Methods tests echocardiography testing 5 5% Thus CHFeligible eligible study 100%, 100 , (100%) fractions 90 75 Results 62±6 626 62 6 (62± vs 599 59 9 59± yrs p>.05, p05 p p>.05 05 p>.05) 10/9 109 10 (10/ 145 14 14/5 p>0.05, p005 p>0.05 0 p>0.05) 26±4 264 26 4 (26± 273 27 3 27± m2 m 72±19 7219 72 19 (72±1 7420 74 20 74±2 pred %pred respectively 27.2±1.4 27214 1 (27.2±1. 33157 33 7 33.1±5. 5319 5.3±1. 1736 1.7±3.6 p<0.0 both, both both) betweengroups 10.2±3.4 10234 (10.2±3. 10923 10.9±2.3% p=0.462. p0462 p=0.462 462 p=0.462) r>0.850 r0850 r 850 (r>0.85 both. Conclusion diseases mechanisms minuteventilation ventilationcarbon (100% 62± (62 p0 p>.0 10/ (10 14/ p00 p>0.0 26± (26 72±1 721 (72± 742 74± 27.2±1. 2721 (27.2±1 3315 33.1±5 531 5.3±1 173 1.7±3. p<0. 10.2±3. 1023 (10.2±3 1092 10.9±2.3 p046 p=0.46 46 r>0.85 r085 85 (r>0.8 (100 (6 p>. (1 p>0. (2 72± (72 27.2±1 272 (27.2± 331 33.1± 53 5.3± 17 1.7±3 p<0 10.2±3 102 (10.2± 10.9±2. p04 p=0.4 r>0.8 r08 8 (r>0. p> p>0 (7 27.2± (27.2 33.1 5.3 1.7± p< 10.2± (10.2 10.9±2 p=0. r>0. r0 (r>0 27.2 (27. 33. 5. 1.7 10.2 (10. 10.9± p=0 r>0 (r> 27. (27 1. 10. 10.9 p= r> (r

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar a utilização dos serviços privados na vacinação de lactentes e avaliar as coberturas vacinais segundo serviço utilizado. Métodos Inquérito nacional de vacinação realizado em 2020 que estimou a utilização de serviços privados de vacinação e as coberturas vacinais de lactentes residentes nas capitais dos estados, no Distrito Federal e em 12 municípios do interior. Resultados Dos 37.801 participantes, 25,1% (IC95% 23,2;27,2) utilizaram alguma vez serviços privados, com maiores proporções em capitais, cidades de maior porte e regiões Sul e Sudeste. Identificaram-se diferenças socioeconômicas e demográficas nas famílias, segundo o serviço utilizado. A cobertura para o conjunto de vacinas aplicadas até 24 meses foi de 60,3% (IC95% 58,6;62,0) no serviço público e de 59,5% (IC95% 55,9;63,0) no privado, e das vacinas em dia, de 10,3% (IC95% 9,1;11,6) e 9,4% (IC95% 7,4;11,8), respectivamente. Conclusão A utilização dos serviços privados foi frequente, com baixas coberturas para o conjunto de vacinas, independentemente do tipo de serviço utilizado, especialmente para vacinas em dia. utilizado 202 estados 1 interior 37801 37 801 37.80 participantes 251 25 25,1 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 23,227,2 232272 23,2 27,2 23 2 27 23,2;27,2 Sudeste Identificaramse Identificaram se famílias 603 60 3 60,3 58,662,0 586620 58,6 62,0 58 6 62 0 58,6;62,0 595 59 5 59,5 55,963,0 559630 55,9 63,0 55 9 63 55,9;63,0 privado dia 103 10 10,3 9,111,6 91116 9,1 11,6 11 9,1;11,6 94 4 9,4 7,411,8, 74118 7,4 11,8 , 7 8 7,4;11,8) respectivamente frequente 20 3780 80 37.8 25, IC9 (IC9 227 23,227, 23227 232 23, 272 27, 23,2;27, 60, 662 58,662, 58662 586 58, 620 62, 58,6;62, 59, 963 55,963, 55963 559 55, 630 63, 55,9;63, 10, 111 9,111, 9111 91 9, 116 11, 9,1;11, 411 7,411,8 7411 74 7, 118 7,4;11,8 378 37. (IC 22 23,227 2322 23,2;27 66 58,662 5866 58,6;62 96 55,963 5596 55,9;63 9,111 911 9,1;11 41 7,411, 741 7,4;11, 23,22 23,2;2 58,66 58,6;6 55,96 55,9;6 9,11 9,1;1 7,411 7,4;11 23,2; 58,6; 55,9; 9,1; 7,41 7,4;1 7,4;

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the use of private services in infant vaccination and assess vaccination coverage according to the service used. Methods : This was a national vaccination survey conducted in 2020 that estimated the use of private vaccination services and vaccination coverage among infants residing in state capitals and 12 inland municipalities. Results : Of the 37,801 participants, 25.1% (95%CI 23.2;27.2) used private services at least once, with higher proportions in capitals, larger cities and in the South and Southeast regions. Socioeconomic and demographic differences were identified among families, based on the service used. The coverage for the set of vaccines administered up to 24 months was 60.3% (95%CI 58.6;62.0) in the public service and 59.5% (95%CI 55.9;63.0) in private services, and up-to-date vaccines, 10.3% (95%CI 9.1;11.6) and 9.4% (95%CI 7.4;11.8), respectively. Conclusion The use of private services was frequent, with low coverage for the set of vaccines, regardless of the type of service used, especially for up-to-date vaccines. 202 1 municipalities 37801 37 801 37,80 participants 251 25 25.1 95%CI 95CI CI 95 23.227.2 232272 23.2 27.2 23 2 27 23.2;27.2 once regions families 603 60 3 60.3 58.662.0 586620 58.6 62.0 58 6 62 0 58.6;62.0 595 59 5 59.5 55.963.0 559630 55.9 63.0 55 9 63 55.9;63.0 uptodate date 103 10 10.3 9.111.6 91116 9.1 11.6 11 9.1;11.6 94 4 9.4 7.411.8, 74118 7.4 11.8 , 7 8 7.4;11.8) respectively frequent 20 3780 80 37,8 25. 227 23.227. 23227 232 23. 272 27. 23.2;27. 60. 662 58.662. 58662 586 58. 620 62. 58.6;62. 59. 963 55.963. 55963 559 55. 630 63. 55.9;63. 10. 111 9.111. 9111 91 9. 116 11. 9.1;11. 411 7.411.8 7411 74 7. 118 7.4;11.8 378 37, 22 23.227 2322 23.2;27 66 58.662 5866 58.6;62 96 55.963 5596 55.9;63 9.111 911 9.1;11 41 7.411. 741 7.4;11. 23.22 23.2;2 58.66 58.6;6 55.96 55.9;6 9.11 9.1;1 7.411 7.4;11 23.2; 58.6; 55.9; 9.1; 7.41 7.4;1 7.4;

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RESUMO Contexto: A dieta é um dos fatores de risco modificáveis mais importante para a incidência de câncer gástrico. Objetivo: Realizar uma análise exploratória sobre os padrões alimentares de indivíduos com adenocarcinoma gástrico (AdG) na região Brasil central. Métodos: Este é um estudo de caso-controle realizado no período de abril de 2019 a julho de 2022, em três centros de referência para o tratamento para câncer em Goiânia-GO. Os casos foram pacientes diagnosticados com AdG, o controle 1 pacientes dispépticos submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta e o controle 2 pacientes sem queixas gástricas. Nos três grupos foram recrutados pacientes de 18 a 75 anos e de ambos os sexos. Para avaliar o consumo alimentar foi utilizado um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar validado para a população brasileira. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), utilizando a análise de componentes principais como método de extração, seguida pela rotação Varimax. Resultados: Os valores de comunalidade na AFE para os alimentos/grupos alimentares consumidos pelos casos e controles ficaram acima de 0,30 para todas as variáveis. A variância explicada pelo modelo foi de 66,7%, para casos, 60,3% para o controle 1 e 59,7% para o controle 2. Foram identificados três padrões alimentares nos casos, controle 1 e controle 2 que explicaram 34,87%, 35,41% e 33,25% respectivamente da variância total. O primeiro padrão (“saudável”) foi caracterizado pelo consumo de vegetais, frutas, carne e queijos; o segundo (“não saudável”) por embutidos, pizzas, snacks, ketchup, bebidas doces e macarrão instantâneo e o terceiro (“prudente”) arroz, feijão, carnes e peixes fritos e massas. Conclusão: Esse estudo identificou três padrões alimentares entre os pacientes com AdG e os controles na região Brasil central. De acordo com os padrões identificados, será possível estabelecer uma relação entre a dieta e outras medidas epidemiológicas destinadas à prevenção do câncer gástrico. Contexto Objetivo (AdG central Métodos casocontrole caso 201 2022 GoiâniaGO. GoiâniaGO Goiânia GO. GO Goiânia-GO gástricas 7 sexos brasileira AFE, , (AFE) extração Varimax Resultados alimentosgrupos alimentos 030 0 30 0,3 variáveis 667 66 66,7% 603 60 3 60,3 597 59 59,7 3487 34 87 34,87% 3541 35 41 35,41 3325 33 25 33,25 total saudável (“saudável” vegetais frutas queijos não saudável” embutidos pizzas snacks ketchup prudente (“prudente” arroz feijão massas Conclusão 20 202 (AFE 03 0, 6 66,7 60, 5 59, 348 8 34,87 354 4 35,4 332 33,2 (“saudável (“prudente 66, 34,8 35, 33, 34,

ABSTRACT Background: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the incidence of gastric cancer. Objective: To carry out an exploratory analysis on the dietary patterns of individuals with gastric adenocarcinoma (AdG) in the Central Brazil region. Methods: This is a case-control study carried out from April 2019 to July 2022, in three reference centers for cancer treatment in Goiânia-GO. The cases were patients diagnosed with AdG, the control 1 dyspeptic patients submitted to upper digestive endoscopy and the control 2 patients without gastric complaints. In the three groups, patients aged 18 to 75 years and of both sexes were recruited. To assess food consumption, a Food Frequency Questionnaire validated for the Brazilian population was used. Dietary patterns were identified by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), using principal component analysis as the extraction method, followed by Varimax rotation. Results: The commonality values in the EFA for the foods/food groups consumed by the cases and controls were above 0.30 for all variables. The variance explained by the model was 66.7% for cases, 60.3% for control 1 and 59.7% for control 2. Three eating patterns were identified in cases, control 1 and control 2 that explained 34, 87%, 35.41% and 33.25% respectively of the total variance. The first pattern (“healthy”) was characterized by the consumption of vegetables, fruits, meat and cheese; the second (“unhealthy”) for sausages, pizzas, snacks, ketchup, sweet drinks and instant noodles and the third (“prudent”) rice, beans, meat and fried fish and pasta. Conclusion: This study identified three dietary patterns among patients with AdG and controls in the Central Brazil region. According to the identified patterns, it will be possible to establish a relationship between diet and other epidemiological measures aimed at the prevention of gastric cancer. Background Objective (AdG region Methods casecontrol case 201 2022 GoiâniaGO. GoiâniaGO Goiânia GO. GO Goiânia-GO complaints 7 recruited used EFA, , (EFA) method rotation Results foodsfood foods 030 0 30 0.3 variables 667 66 66.7 603 60 3 60.3 597 59 59.7 34 87 87% 3541 35 41 35.41 3325 33 25 33.25 healthy (“healthy” vegetables fruits cheese unhealthy (“unhealthy” sausages pizzas snacks ketchup prudent (“prudent” rice beans pasta Conclusion 20 202 (EFA 03 0. 6 66. 60. 5 59. 8 354 4 35.4 332 33.2 (“healthy (“unhealthy (“prudent 35. 33.

Abstract Pitaya is a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and betalains. Moreover, these compounds has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of this fruit on glycemia and oxidative stress in aloxan-induced diabetic mice. Thus, considering that In the in vivo assays, the mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6): (a) healthy group treated with water; (b) diabetic mice treated with metformin at 200 mg/kg body weight diluted in water; (c) untreated diabetic mice; (d) diabetic mice treated with pitaya at 200 mg/kg and (e) diabetic mice treated with pitaya at 400 mg/kg of body weight diluted in water. The results shows that pitaya was able significantly to reduce blood glucose (p < 0.05) (200 mg/kg); significantly reduce cholesterol (200 and 400 mg/kg) and significantly increase HDL-c (400 mg/kg) levels. In the oxidative stress experiment, Malondialdehyde levels in the liver were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the groups treated with pitaya, when compared to the other groups, suggesting lower lipid peroxidation. The consumption of pitaya reduced the blood glucose and cholesterol and increase the HDL, in addition, the lipid peroxidation - which is common in diabetic patients, was reduced. betalains Moreover mellitus aloxaninduced aloxan induced Thus assays n 6 6) (a water b (b 20 mgkg mg kg c (c d (d e (e 40 p 0.05 005 0 05 (20 HDLc HDL (40 experiment addition patients 4 0.0 00 (2 (4 0. (

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a curva de temperatura do leite humano cru ou pasteurizado exposto a diferentes métodos de aquecimento. Método: Experimentos com volumes de 5 ml a 100 ml de leite humano foram realizados entre 2016 e 2021 e analisados segundo o tempo de exposição por diferentes métodos de aquecimento. A estatística descritiva incluiu o cálculo das médias, medianas, valores mínimos e máximos, medidas de dispersão e desvio padrão. Resultados: A curva térmica permitiu identificar o aquecimento do leite humano próximo da temperatura corporal quando submetidos a banho-maria e micro-ondas. O leite exposto à temperatura ambiente (21°C) não foi capaz de atingir tal temperatura. No aquecimento em banho-maria a 40°C, volumes menores alcançaram a temperatura corporal entre 3 e 5 minutos, enquanto em micro-ondas na potência de 50%, praticamente todos os volumes alcançaram essa temperatura. Conclusão: As curvas de temperatura do leite humano cru ou pasteurizado foram construídas, sendo possível verificar o seu comportamento mediante diferentes métodos de aquecimento para administração do alimento em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, considerando o volume, tipo e tempo de aquecimento e temperatura. Objetivo Método 10 201 202 médias medianas máximos padrão Resultados banhomaria banho maria microondas. microondas micro ondas. ondas 21°C 21C C 21 (21°C 40C 40 40°C minutos 50 50% Conclusão construídas neonatal volume 1 20 2 4

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the temperature curve of raw or pasteurized human milk exposed to different heating methods. Method: Experiments with volumes of 5 ml to 100 ml of human milk were carried out between 2016 and 2021 and analyzed according to the exposure time by different heating methods. Descriptive statistics included the calculation of means, medians, minimum and maximum values, measures of dispersion and standard deviation. Results: The thermal curve made it possible to identify the heating of human milk close to body temperature when subjected to a water bath and microwaves. Milk exposed to room temperature (21°C) was unable to reach this temperature. When heated in a water bath at 40°C, smaller volumes reached body temperature between 3 and 5 minutes, while in a microwave at 50% power, practically all volumes reached temperature. Conclusion: The temperature curves of raw or pasteurized human milk were constructed, and it was possible to verify its behavior using different heating methods for administering the food in a neonatal intensive care unit, considering the volume, type and time of heating and temperature. Objective Method 10 201 202 means medians values deviation Results microwaves 21°C 21C C 21 (21°C 40C 40 40°C minutes 50 power Conclusion constructed unit volume 1 20 2 4

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la curva de temperatura de la leche humana cruda o pasteurizada expuesta a diferentes métodos de calentamiento. Método: Se realizaron experimentos con volúmenes de 5 ml a 100 ml de leche humana entre 2016 y 2021 y se analizaron en función del tiempo de exposición mediante diferentes métodos de calentamiento. La estadística descriptiva incluyó el cálculo de medias, medianas, valores mínimos y máximos, medidas de dispersión y desviación estándar. Resultados: La curva térmica permitió identificar el calentamiento de la leche humana próximo a la temperatura corporal cuando se sometió a baño maría y microondas. La leche expuesta a temperatura ambiente (21°C) fue incapaz de alcanzar esta temperatura. Cuando se calentó en un baño de agua a 40°C, los volúmenes más pequeños alcanzaron la temperatura corporal entre 3 y 5 minutos, mientras que en un microondas al 50% de potencia, prácticamente todos los volúmenes alcanzaron la temperatura. Conclusión: Se construyeron las curvas de temperatura de la leche humana cruda o pasteurizada y se pudo comprobar su comportamiento utilizando diferentes métodos de calentamiento para administrar el alimento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, teniendo en cuenta el volumen, el tipo y el tiempo de calentamiento y la temperatura. Objetivo Método 10 201 202 medias medianas máximos estándar Resultados 21°C 21C C 21 (21°C 40C 40 40°C minutos 50 potencia Conclusión neonatales volumen 1 20 2 4

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a supervisão dos pais e comportamentos sexuais entre os adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de 102.072 estudantes do 9º ano que responderam à Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015. Estimou-se a prevalência dos comportamentos sexuais (iniciação, uso de preservativo, contracepção e número de parcerias). A supervisão dos pais foi avaliada por meio de escore formado por cinco indicadores. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência ajustadas por sexo e idade para a análise das relações existentes entre o escore de supervisão dos pais e os comportamentos sexuais de adolescentes. Resultados: As prevalências de comportamentos sexuais em adolescentes com mínima e máxima supervisão parental foram: iniciação sexual (mín.: 58,0%; máx.: 20,1%), uso do preservativo na última relação sexual (mín.: 50,9%; máx.: 80,2%), de contraceptivos (mín.: 40,8; máx.: 49,1%) e número de parceiros (mín.: 3,25; máx.: 2,88). A supervisão parental apresentou maior magnitude no sexo feminino. Aqueles com maior escore de supervisão apresentaram maiores prevalências do uso de preservativos na primeira e última relação sexual, de métodos contraceptivos e menor média do número de parceiros, mesmo após ajustes por sexo e idade. Conclusão: Quanto maior a supervisão dos pais, melhores os comportamentos sexuais, para ambos os sexos, apesar de a supervisão ocorrer de forma diferenciada entre os sexos. Esses achados apontam o papel da família em proporcionar aos adolescentes monitoramento simultâneo ao diálogo e ao afeto, condição estimuladora do comportamento sexual saudável e livre de riscos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the association between parental supervision and sexual behaviors among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from 102,072 adolescents who responded to the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey. We estimated the prevalence of sexual behaviors (initiation, use of condoms, contraception, and number of partners). Parental supervision was evaluated using a score considering five indicators. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted by age and sex in order to estimate the association between parental supervision score and sexual behaviors of adolescents. Results: Prevalence of risky sexual behavior for adolescents with minimum and maximum parental supervision were: sexual initiation (min.: 58.0%; max.: 20.1%), condom use in the last sexual intercourse (min.: 50.9%; max.: 80.2%), use of contraceptives (min.: 40.8; max.: 49.1%), and mean number of partners (min.: 3.25; max.: 2.88). Parental supervision was greater among girls. Those with higher supervision scores had higher prevalence of condom use in the first and last sexual intercourse and of contraceptive methods, and a smaller mean number of partners, even after adjustments for sex and age. Conclusion: The greater the parental supervision, the better the sexual behavior for both sexes, although supervision seems to occur differently between girls and boys. These findings point to the role of the family in providing adolescents with monitoring, along with dialogue and affection, conditions that encourage healthy and risk-free sexual behavior.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a supervisão dos pais e comportamentos sexuais entre os adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de 102.072 estudantes do 9º ano que responderam à Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015. Estimou-se a prevalência dos comportamentos sexuais (iniciação, uso de preservativo, contracepção e número de parcerias). A supervisão dos pais foi avaliada por meio de escore formado por cinco indicadores. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência ajustadas por sexo e idade para a análise das relações existentes entre o escore de supervisão dos pais e os comportamentos sexuais de adolescentes. Resultados: As prevalências de comportamentos sexuais em adolescentes com mínima e máxima supervisão parental foram: iniciação sexual (mín.: 58,0%; máx.: 20,1%), uso do preservativo na última relação sexual (mín.: 50,9%; máx.: 80,2%), de contraceptivos (mín.: 40,8; máx.: 49,1%) e número de parceiros (mín.: 3,25; máx.: 2,88). A supervisão parental apresentou maior magnitude no sexo feminino. Aqueles com maior escore de supervisão apresentaram maiores prevalências do uso de preservativos na primeira e última relação sexual, de métodos contraceptivos e menor média do número de parceiros, mesmo após ajustes por sexo e idade. Conclusão: Quanto maior a supervisão dos pais, melhores os comportamentos sexuais, para ambos os sexos, apesar de a supervisão ocorrer de forma diferenciada entre os sexos. Esses achados apontam o papel da família em proporcionar aos adolescentes monitoramento simultâneo ao diálogo e ao afeto, condição estimuladora do comportamento sexual saudável e livre de riscos. Objetivo brasileiros Métodos 102072 102 072 102.07 º 2015 Estimouse Estimou se iniciação, (iniciação parcerias. parcerias . parcerias) indicadores Resultados foram mín. mín (mín. 58,0% 580 58 0 máx. máx 20,1%, 201 20,1% , 20 1 20,1%) 50,9% 509 50 9 80,2%, 802 80,2% 80 2 80,2%) 40,8 408 40 8 49,1% 491 49 3,25 325 3 25 2,88. 288 2,88 88 2,88) feminino Conclusão sexos afeto riscos 10207 10 07 102.0 (mín 58,0 5 20,1 50,9 80,2 40, 4 49,1 3,2 32 28 2,8 1020 102. 58, 20, 50, 80, 49, 3, 2,

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the association between parental supervision and sexual behaviors among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from 102,072 adolescents who responded to the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey. We estimated the prevalence of sexual behaviors (initiation, use of condoms, contraception, and number of partners). Parental supervision was evaluated using a score considering five indicators. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted by age and sex in order to estimate the association between parental supervision score and sexual behaviors of adolescents. Results: Prevalence of risky sexual behavior for adolescents with minimum and maximum parental supervision were: sexual initiation (min.: 58.0%; max.: 20.1%), condom use in the last sexual intercourse (min.: 50.9%; max.: 80.2%), use of contraceptives (min.: 40.8; max.: 49.1%), and mean number of partners (min.: 3.25; max.: 2.88). Parental supervision was greater among girls. Those with higher supervision scores had higher prevalence of condom use in the first and last sexual intercourse and of contraceptive methods, and a smaller mean number of partners, even after adjustments for sex and age. Conclusion: The greater the parental supervision, the better the sexual behavior for both sexes, although supervision seems to occur differently between girls and boys. These findings point to the role of the family in providing adolescents with monitoring, along with dialogue and affection, conditions that encourage healthy and risk-free sexual behavior. Objective Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 102072 102 072 102,07 Schoolbased School based Survey initiation, (initiation condoms contraception partners. . partners) indicators PR (PR Results were min. min (min. 58.0% 580 58 0 max. max 20.1%, 201 20.1% , 20 1 20.1%) 50.9% 509 50 9 80.2%, 802 80.2% 80 2 80.2%) 40.8 408 40 8 49.1%, 491 49.1% 49 49.1%) 3.25 325 3 25 2.88. 288 2.88 88 2.88) methods Conclusion sexes boys monitoring affection riskfree risk free 10207 10 07 102,0 (min 58.0 5 20.1 50.9 80.2 40. 4 49.1 3.2 32 28 2.8 1020 102, 58. 20. 50. 80. 49. 3. 2.

Objective: to evaluate the association between parental supervision and sexual behaviors among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from 102,072 adolescents who responded to the National Adolescent Health Survey. We estimated the prevalence of sexual behaviors (initiation, use of condoms, contraception, and number of partners). Parental supervision was evaluated using a score &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;considering five indicators. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted by age and sex in order to estimate the association between the parental supervision score and the sexual behaviors of the adolescents. &nbsp;Results: Prevalence of risky sexual behavior for adolescents with minimum and maximum parental supervision were: sexual initiation (min.: 58.0%; max.: 20.1%), condom use in the last sexual intercourse (min.: 50.9%; max.: 80.2%), use of contraceptives (min.: 40.8; max.: 49.1%), and mean number of partners (min.: 3.25; max.: 2.88). Parental supervision was greater among girls. Those with greater supervision score had higher prevalence of condom use in the first and last sexual intercourse, use of contraceptive methods and a lower mean number of partners, even after adjustments for sex and age. Conclusion: The greater parental supervision, the better the sexual behavior for both sexes, although supervision seems to occur differently between girls and boys. These findings point to the role of the family in providing adolescents with monitoring, along with dialogue and affection, conditions that encourage healthy and risk-free sexual behavior.

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a supervisão dos pais e comportamentos sexuais entre os adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados de 102.072 estudantes do 9° ano que responderam à Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015. Estimou-se a prevalência dos comportamentos sexuais (iniciação, uso de preservativo, contracepção e número de parcerias). A supervisão dos pais foi avaliada por meio de escore formado por cinco indicadores. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RP) ajustadas por sexo e idade para análise das relações existentes entre o escore de supervisão dos pais e os comportamentos sexuais de adolescentes. Resultados: As prevalências de comportamentos sexuais em adolescentes com mínima e máxima supervisão parental foram: iniciação sexual (min.: 58,0%; máx.: 20,1%), uso do preservativo na última relação sexual (mín.: 50,9%; máx.: 80,2%), de contraceptivos (min.: 40,8; máx.: 49,1%), e número de parceiros (mín.: 3,25; máx.: 2,88). Supervisão parental apresentaram maior magnitude no sexo feminino. Aqueles com maior escore de supervisão, apresentaram maiores prevalências do uso de preservativos na primeira e última relação sexual, de métodos contraceptivos e menor média do número de parceiros, mesmo após ajustes por sexo e idade. Conclusão: Quanto maior a supervisão dos pais melhores os comportamentos sexuais, para ambos os sexos, apesar da supervisão ocorrer de forma diferenciada entre os sexos. Esses achados apontam o papel da família em proporcionar aos adolescentes monitoramento, simultâneo ao diálogo e ao afeto, condições estimuladoras ao comportamento sexual saudável e livre de riscos.

Circular chemistry (CC) is an approach for establishing chemical processes to become truly circular and sustainable. It adopts the principles of circular economy (CE), employing life cycle approaches and systems thinking, which help to understand and address the sustainability issues of chemical processes and products. Within this whole context, it is possible to identify some problems of the current lifestyle, such as plastic waste disposal, CO2 emission, e-waste, among others, which need to be addressed accordingly. The reuse provided, well-structured within the context of circular chemistry, can bring benefits in all spheres: social, environmental and economic. Thus, the purpose of this revision is to present CE and CC as the pillars for a sustainable development, bringing discussions about: CE and CC systems; sustainable chemistry; and chemistry 4.0, which embeds digitization, sustainability, and circular economy in industrial chemical processes. Through the knowledge of chemistry, both CC and CE can contribute with innovative methods and processes which maximize benefits, eliminating, or, at least, reducing adverse impacts, thus contributing to construct a mutually beneficial relationship between science and society, its surroundings, and the environment. Therefore, implementing this new model is an opportunity that challenges the human imagination in building a better world.

Resumo Lesões Cervicais Não Cariosas (LCNC) são defeitos do tecido dentário, não relacionados à cárie, frequentemente observados na prática odontológica. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da profundidade e espessura da dentina de LCNC na resposta à dor dentária por meio de testes de diagnóstico clínico. 86 dentes de 14 pacientes com LCNC foram avaliados por: profundidade da LCNC, testes clínicos (estímulo evaporativo, para detectar níveis de dor de hipersensibilidade dentinária, teste térmico frio para classificar a saúde pulpar, estímulos percussivos para avaliação do tecido perirradicular e tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), para avaliação da espessura de dentina remanescente (EDR). Em termos de profundidade, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: G1- dentes com LCNCs ≤1,0mm e G2- dentes com LCNCs entre 1,1-2,0 mm. Os dados de dor dentária foram comparados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney e a EDR pelo teste t-Student e correlações pelo teste de Pearson (p <0,05). A profundidade da LCNC não influencia a resposta da dor dentária ao estímulo evaporativo (p = 0,129, teste térmico frio (p = 0,125), teste diagnóstico clínico de percussão vertical (p = 0,317) e horizontal (p = 0,119), porém o G1 apresentou maior EDR (p <0,001) e o teste de correlação mostrou que LCNC mais profunda apresenta menor EDR (p = 0,011 / r = -0,273). Conclusão: Dentes com LCNC de até 2mm de profundidade apresenta níveis semelhantes de dor para hipersensibilidade dentinária, pulpar e saúde perirradicular, independente da profundidade da LCNC. Entretanto, lesões com profundidade ≤1,0mmin apresentaram mais EDR nos achados tomográficos.

Abstract Non-carious Cervical Lesions (NCCL) are dental tissue defects, non-related to caries, frequently observed in the dental practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of NCCL on dentin depth and thickness and the response to dental pain by means of clinical diagnostic tests. 86 teeth from 14 patients with NCCL were assessed by: depth of NCCL, clinical tests (evaporative stimulus, to detect pain levels of dentin hypersensitivity, cold thermal test to classify pulp health, percussive stimuli to evaluate the periradicular tissues and cone beam computed tomography (tomography to evaluate remaining dentin thickness (RDT). In terms of depth, the sample was divided into two groups: G1- teeth with NCCLs ≤1.0mm and G2- teeth with NCCLs between 1.1-2.0 mm. Dental pain data were compared by Mann-Whitney test and RDT by Student’s t-test and correlations by the Pearson test (p<0.05). The depth of NCCL does not influence dental pain response to evaporative stimulus (p=0.129), cold thermal test (p = 0.125), vertical (p = 0.317) and horizontal (p = 0.119) percussion clinical diagnostic tests. However, G1 showed more RDT (p<0.001), and the correlation test showed that deeper NCCL presents smaller remaining dentin thickness (p=0.011/r=-0.273). In conclusion, tooth with NCCL up to 2mm-depth presents similar levels of pain for dentin hypersensitivity, pulp and periradicular tissue independent to NCCL depth, however, lesions with ≤1.0mm-depth showed greater RDT in tomographic findings.

Abstract Objectives: To contribute to a better understanding of the maternal genetic mechanisms that influence obstetric outcomes and that are involved in maternal and child health, this study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal genetic variants and the offspring birth weight by analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to glucose homeostasis. Methods: Three polymorphisms were analyzed (GCK rs1799884, TCF7L2 rs7903146 and LEPR rs1137101) in 250 pregnant women who participated in a Brazilian prospective cohort study. Genotyping was performed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) using pre-designed TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. Vitamin D dosage was performed by chemiluminescence. Variance, Pearson's chi-square test and multiple linear regression were used for the statistical analysis. Results: It was possible to verify a significant association between birth weight and maternal GCK rs1799884 when obstetric outcomes, clinical and anthropometric characteristics were taken into consideration. The children of homozygous women for the minor allele GCK rs1799884 presented lower birth weight (β = -335.25, 95% CI = -669.39; -1.17, p = 0.04). Furthermore, a direct link between a leptin receptor variant and gestational duration was found (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The variant GCK rs1799884 (mm) was associated with a reduction in newborn weight in the miscegenated Brazilian population.

Resumen Realizamos cambios en la formulación original del enriquecimiento del medio Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris y evaluamos algunos aspectos, como el tiempo de crecimiento de Leptospira y la utilización en la prueba de aglutinación microscópica (MAT), comparándolos con el enriquecimiento original y un medio de enriquecimiento comercialmente disponible (DIFCOÔ). Se usaron muestras de Leptospira (24 antígenos) que componen nuestro panel de antígenos utilizados en la MAT, entre ellos, cepas autóctonas y de referencia aisladas en Brasil. Las muestras se cultivaron individualmente en medio Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris en las tres condiciones mencionadas (enriquecimiento adaptado, enriquecimiento original y enriquecimiento comercial). Adicionalmente, 89 sueros de sangre de animales domésticos y salvajes fueron analizados por MAT usando los antígenos cultivados en estos medios. Todas las muestras analizadas crecieron eficientemente con el enriquecimiento adaptado y los resultados de la MAT fueron satisfactorios. Por lo tanto, otros laboratorios también podrían beneficiarse del uso de este enriquecimiento adaptado al cultivar las cepas de Leptospira aplicadas en sus paneles MAT.

Abstract Changes were made to the original formulation of the EMJH medium (Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris) enrichment and some aspects such as growth time of Leptospira and utilization in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) were evaluated and compared to the original enrichment and to a commercially available enrichment (DIFCOÔ). Leptospira samples (24 antigens) that make up our panel of antigens used in MAT were used, among them, reference and autochthonous strains isolated in Brazil. The samples were grown individually in the EMJH medium under the three previously mentioned conditions (adapted enrichment, original enrichment and commercial enrichment). In addition, 89 blood serums from domestic and wild animals were analyzed by MAT using the antigens grown in these media. All samples tested grew efficiently with the adapted enrichment, and the MAT results were satisfactory. Therefore, other laboratories could also benefit from the use of this adapted enrichment when culturing the Leptospira strains applied in their MAT panels.

Abstract The aim of this scoping review was to provide sufficient information about the effectiveness of ozone gas in virus inactivation of surfaces and objects under different environmental conditions. The review was performed according to the list of PRISMA SrC recommendations and the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis for Scoping Reviews. The review was registered in Open Science Framework (OSF). EMBASE (Ovid), Lilacs, LIVIVO, MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science were primary sources, and “gray literature” was searched in OpenGray and OpenThesis. A study was included if it reported primary data on the effect of ozone gas application for vehicle-borne and airborne virus inactivation. No language or publication date restriction was applied. The search was conduct on July 1, 2020. A total of 16,120 studies were screened, and after exclusion of noneligible studies, fifteen studies fulfilled all selection criteria. Application of ozone gas varied in terms of concentration, ozone exposure period and the devices used to generate ozone gas. Twelve studies showed positive results for inactivation of different virus types, including bacteriophages, SARS-CoV-2 surrogates and other vehicle-borne viruses. Most of the studies were classified as unclear regarding sponsorship status. Although most of the population has not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19, disinfection of environments, surfaces, and objects is an essential prevention strategy to control the spread of this disease. The results of this Scoping Review demonstrate that ozone gas is promising for viral disinfection of surfaces.