Resumo Devido à extensa aplicação de antibióticos como promotores de crescimento na alimentação animal, a resistência aos antimicrobianos aumentou. Para superar esse desafio, os microbiologistas do rúmen buscam novos probióticos para melhorar a produtividade do gado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo isolar e avaliar bactérias lácticas específicas de raças (BAL) como potenciais probióticos animais. 12 cepas foram isoladas de diferentes amostras, incluindo leite, rúmen e fezes de búfalos Nilli Ravi. Esses isolados foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial antimicrobiano contra patógenos animais comuns (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). Todos os isolados foram identificados por meio do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA e as análises filogenéticas inferiram que essas cepas apresentaram estreita relação com as espécies de vários gêneros; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis, Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis e Lactococcus lactis. O perfil probiótico dos isolados foi obtido usando critérios padrão, particularmente com propriedades probióticas animais.

Abstract Due to extensive application of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed, antimicrobial resistance has been increased. To overcome this challenge, rumen microbiologists search for new probiotics to improve the rate of livestock production. The present study was aimed to isolate and evaluate breed-specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as potential animal probiotics. The current study was conducted during 10 months from July 2020 to April 2021, in which a total of n=12 strains were isolated from different samples including milk, rumen, and feces of Nilli Ravi Buffaloes. These isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against common animal pathogens (Bacillus spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp.). All the isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the phylogenetic analyses inferred that these strains showed close relations to the species of various genera; Enterococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Bacillus subtilis Weissella cibaria, Weissella soli, Bacillus tequilensis, Weissella bombi, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus ruminis, and Lactococcus lactis. NMCC-Ru2 has exhibited the enormous potential of antimicrobial activity, 28 mm, for Salmonella typhimurium;23 mm for Listeria monocytogenes 21 mm for E.coil. Highest resistance was seen in NMCC-Ru2 agasint test antbiotic, like 25.5 mm for Tetracycline. Overall results revesl that the probiotic profile of isolates was achieved using standard criteria, particularly with animal probiotic properties

Resumo O estudo foi desenhado para investigar o efeito da suplementação de mananoligossacarídeo (MOS) na histomorfologia intestinal, imunidade contra o vírus da doença de Newcastle (NDV) e parâmetros produtivos de frangos de corte. Um total de 1.800 pintos de corte de um dia da linhagem Cobb-500 foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos de tratamento: T1 (dieta basal sem antibióticos como controle negativo); T2 (dieta basal mais antibióticos como grupo controle positivo); T3 (dieta basal mais 200g/ton MOS); T4 (dieta basal mais 400g/ton MOS); T5 (dieta basal mais 600g/ton MOS) e T6 (dieta basal mais 800g/ton MOS). Cada tratamento tinha 6 repetições e o consumo de ração, ganho de peso corporal e conversão alimentar foram registrados semanalmente. Os resultados mostraram que as aves suplementadas com MOS apresentam consumo de ração, ganho de peso e CA significativamente maiores (P < 0,05). Da mesma forma, a suplementação de MOS mostrou efeito positivo na altura das vilosidades e na profundidade das criptas tanto no jejuno quanto no íleo. A densidade de células caliciformes não foi afetada pela adição de MOS (P < 0,05). Além disso, as aves alimentadas com dietas contendo MOS apresentaram melhor desempenho produtivo em comparação aos grupos controle positivo e negativo. Em conclusão, o MOS pode substituir os promotores de crescimento de antibióticos (AGPs) como defensores de alimentos não microbianos que melhoram o desempenho.

Abstract The study was designed to investigate the effect of mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on intestinal histomorphology, immunity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and productive parameters of broilers. A total of 1800, day old broiler chicks of Cobb-500 strain were selected and randomly assorted into 6 treatment groups: T1 (basal diet without antibiotics as negative control); T2 (basal diet plus antibiotics as positive control group); T3 (basal diet plus 200g/ton MOS); T4 (basal diet plus 400g/ton MOS); T5 (basal diet plus 600g/ton MOS) and T6 (basal diet plus 800g/ton MOS). Each treatment was having 6 replicates and the feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded on weekly basis. Results showed that, MOS supplemented birds have significantly higher feed intake, weight gain and FCR (P < 0.05). Similarly, supplementation of MOS showed positive effect on villus height and crypt depth both in jejunum and ilium. Goblet cell density was unaffected by MOS addition (P < 0.05). Furthermore, birds fed with diets containing MOS, exhibited better productive performance in comparison to positive and negative control groups. In conclusion, MOS can replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as non-microbial performance-enhancing feed advocates.

Resumo O câncer é uma doença maligna fatal e sua crescente prevalência mundial exige a descoberta de biomarcadores moleculares mais sensíveis e confiáveis. Investigar o nível de expressão de GINS1 e seu valor prognóstico em cânceres humanos distintos, usando uma série de abordagens in silico em várias camadas, pode ajudar a estabelecê-lo como um potencial biomarcador de diagnóstico e prognóstico compartilhado de diferentes subtipos de câncer. O mRNA de GINS1, a expressão da proteína e a metilação do promotor foram analisados usando UALCAN e Human Protein Atlas (HPA), enquanto a expressão de mRNA foi posteriormente validada via GENT2. Os valores prognósticos potenciais de GINS1 foram avaliados por meio do plotter KM. Em seguida, o cBioPortal foi utilizado para examinar as mutações genéticas relacionadas ao GINS1 e as variações do número de cópias (CNVs), enquanto a análise de enriquecimento da via foi realizada usando DAVID. Além disso, uma análise correlacional entre a expressão de GINS1 e células imunes T CD8 + e a construção de uma rede de interação gene-droga foi realizada usando TIMER, CDT e Cytoscape. O GINS1 foi encontrado regulado negativamente em um único subtipo de câncer humano, enquanto comumente regulado positivamente em 23 outros subtipos diferentes. A regulação positiva de GINS1 foi significativamente correlacionada com a sobrevida global pobre (OS) de Carcinoma Hepatocelular de Fígado (LIHC), Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão (LUAD) e Carcinoma de Células Claras Renais de Rim (KIRC). O GINS1 também foi encontrado regulado positivamente em pacientes LIHC, LUAD e KIRC de diferentes características clínico-patológicas. A análise de enriquecimento de vias revelou o envolvimento de GINS1 em duas vias diversas, enquanto poucas correlações interessantes também foram documentadas entre a expressão de GINS1 e seu nível de metilação do promotor, nível de células imunes T CD8 + e CNVs. Além disso, também previmos poucos medicamentos que poderiam ser usados no tratamento de LIHC, LUAD e KIRC, regulando a expressão de GINS1. O perfil de expressão de GINS1 no estudo atual sugeriu que é um novo biomarcador de diagnóstico e prognóstico compartilhado de LIHC, LUAD e KIRC.

Abstract Cancer is a fatal malignancy and its increasing worldwide prevalence demands the discovery of more sensitive and reliable molecular biomarkers. To investigate the GINS1 expression level and its prognostic value in distinct human cancers using a series of multi-layered in silico approach may help to establish it as a potential shared diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of different cancer subtypes. The GINS1 mRNA, protein expression, and promoter methylation were analyzed using UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA), while mRNA expression was further validated via GENT2. The potential prognostic values of GINS1 were evaluated through KM plotter. Then, cBioPortal was utilized to examine the GINS1-related genetic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs), while pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID. Moreover, a correlational analysis between GINS1 expression and CD8+ T immune cells and a the construction of gene-drug interaction network was performed using TIMER, CDT, and Cytoscape. The GINS1 was found down-regulated in a single subtypes of human cancer while commonly up-regulated in 23 different other subtypes. The up-regulation of GINS1 was significantly correlated with the poor overall survival (OS) of Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC), Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). The GINS1 was also found up-regulated in LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC patients of different clinicopathological features. Pathways enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of GINS1 in two diverse pathways, while few interesting correlations were also documented between GINS1 expression and its promoter methylation level, CD8+ T immune cells level, and CNVs. Moreover, we also predicted few drugs that could be used in the treatment of LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC by regulating the GINS1 expression. The expression profiling of GINS1 in the current study has suggested it a novel shared diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC.

Resumo Os pássaros são indicadores muito valiosos da riqueza de espécies e padrões endêmicos em um determinado ecossistema, o que acaba ajudando o cientista a medir a degradação ambiental. O objetivo do presente estudo foi conhecer o conhecimento humano e a atitude em relação às aves urbanas na cidade de Faisalabad, Paquistão. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro meses consecutivos: novembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. A população de pássaros foi observada em oito cidades residenciais da cidade de Faisalabad, os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário. Faisalabad tem uma população razoavelmente grande de pássaros, e os dados atuais mostram que há uma diferença significativa entre as aves favoritas de áreas residenciais e instituições. O pombo recebeu mais semelhanças na população de pássaros entre os residentes de áreas residenciais, enquanto o myna recebeu menos. A ave mais popular nas instituições de Faisalabad era o pardal, enquanto a ave menos popular era o myna comum. A porcentagem de adaptação de pássaros em áreas residenciais e institucionais de Faisalabad foi a mais alta para papagaios e pardais, respectivamente. As pessoas em áreas residenciais e instituições, por outro lado, se adaptaram menos ao myna comum. Conclui-se que pessoas da área de estudo como pássaros e alimentos oferecidos e alta população de pássaros estão presentes na área de estudo.

Abstract Birds are very valuable indicators of species richness and endemic patterns in a specified ecosystem, which eventually help the scientist to measure the environmental degradation. The aim of present study was to know human knowledge and attitude toward urban birds in Faisalabad city, Pakistan. The study conducted in four consecutive months: November 2019 to February 2020. Population of birds was noted from eight residential towns of Faisalabad city, data were collected through questionnaire. Faisalabad has a reasonably large population of birds and present data show that, there is a significant difference between favorite bird of residential areas and institutions. The pigeon received the most likeness in bird population among residential area residents, while the myna received the least. The most popular bird in Faisalabad institutions was the sparrow, while the least popular bird was the common myna. Bird adaptation percentage of residential areas and institutional areas of Faisalabad was the highest for parrot and sparrow respectively. People in residential areas and institutions, on the other hand, adapted least to common myna. It is concluded that people of the study area like birds and offered food and high population of birds are present in study area.

Resumo Avaliamos os efeitos de diferentes alimentos para peixes em relação à composição corporal, crescimento e atividades enzimáticas de Labeo rohita (Rohu). No total, foram estudados 240 peixes com pesos médios de 24,77 ± 2,15 g. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos de 60 peixes cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro alimentos diferentes para peixes: Oryza (T1), AMG (T2), Aqua (T3) e Supreme (T4). Foram avaliados a composição corporal, o desempenho de crescimento e as atividades enzimáticas. Houve uma variação significativa no desempenho dos peixes alimentados com diferentes tipos de ração. Peixes com alimentação Oryza apresentaram maior ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico (SGR) e melhor taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR) em comparação com outros grupos que foram considerados significativos (P ≤ 0,05). Elevado ganho de peso líquido foi obtido em T4 quando comparado com T2 e T3. O valor da FCR de T4 foi menor que T1, mas maior que T2 e T3, que apresentaram os menores valores. A taxa de crescimento específico foi registrada como média em T4, mas T2 teve uma SGR alta do que T3. Da mesma forma, o nível de proteína bruta e a atividade das enzimas digestivas foram registrados significativamente mais altos nos peixes alimentados com Oryza (T1) em comparação com AMG (T2), Aqua (T3) e Supreme (T4). Os parâmetros de qualidade da água foram registrados como significativos em todos os tratamentos, exceto pH e OD do tratamento (T1), significativamente diferente dos demais tratamentos. Concluiu-se que Rohu (Labeo rohita) pode apresentar uma taxa de crescimento promissora e atividade da enzima protease quando alimentado com Oryza de 25% de proteína.

Abstract We have evaluated the effects of different fish feeds on the body composition, growth, and enzyme activities of Labeo rohita (Rohu). In total, 240 fishes between the average weights of 24.77±2.15g were studied. The treatments were applied in a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments of 60 fishes each. Treatments consisted of four different fish feeds [Oryza (T1), AMG (T2), Aqua (T3), and Supreme (T4)]. Body composition, growth performance, and enzyme activities were evaluated. There was a significant variation in performance of fishes fed with different type of feed; as fishes having Oryza feed showed the highest weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and best feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared to other groups that were considered to be significant (P ≤ 0.05). High net weight gain was obtained in T4 when compared with T2 and T3. FCR value of T4 was less than T1 but higher than T2, T3 and T2, which showed the lowest values. The specific growth rate was recorded as average in T4, but T2 led a high SGR than T3. Similarly, crude protein level and digestive enzymes activity was recorded significantly highest in fed with Oryza (T1) as compared to AMG (T2), Aqua (T3), and Supreme (T4). Water quality parameters were recorded significant in all treatments except pH and DO of treatment (T1), significantly different from other treatments. It was concluded that Rohu (Labeo rohita) could show a promising growth rate and protease enzyme activity when fed with the Oryza feed of 25% protein.

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the quality and mineral contents of Moringa oleifera root-based tomato sauce. Results showed that roots of M. oleifera are highly enriched with essential nutrients including minerals, such as iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium and zinc and vitamins specifically vitamin C. Thus, it is useful as a nutritional supplement to enhance the nutritional status of the people and communities especially the susceptible groups including children and women. The tomato sauce supplemented with moringa roots is an effective remedy of malnutrition. TSS, pH, % acidity, Vitamin C were showed highly significant differences among all the treatments and the effect of days on TSS and Vitamin C were also showed highly significant (p<0.05) differences while pH and % acidity showed significant effects and the interactive effect of treatments and days were found highly significant on Vitamin C while TSS, pH and % acidity all were found non-significant. T4 (tomato sauce supplemented with 35 g) showed improved or comparable sensory properties to those of control and mineral profile also showed increasing tendency with corresponding rise in moringa root juice.

RESUMO: A perda de rendimento induzida por plantas daninhas na cultura do trigo é uma grande ameaça à segurança alimentar no Paquistão. Uma compreensão abrangente da competição de culturas de plantas daninhas é muito importante para desenvolver um manejo sustentável e econômico dessas plantas. Para esse propósito, foram conduzidos estudos de campo de dois anos para determinar o efeito de diferentes populações de cardo-mariano na fenologia e rendimento da safra de trigo no esquema de cultivo de trigo de arroz de Sargodha, Paquistão, durante 2013-2014 e 2014-2015. O experimento consistiu de sete tratamentos: controle (livre de plantas daninhas), teste de plantas daninhas (sem controle) e densidade populacional do cardo-mariano de 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 plantas m-2. Em resposta ao aumento da densidade de plantas daninhas, observou-se redução gradual no rendimento e nas características relacionadas com o rendimento do trigo. Comparado ao controle livre de plantas daninhas, reduções significativas em número de perfilhos produtivos m-2 (20% e 18%), altura de plantas (15% e 18%), comprimento de espiga (19% e 26%), número de grãos espigão-1 (23% e 26%), peso de mil grãos (28% e 28%), grãos (29% e 30%) e rendimento biológico (20% e 24%) de trigo ocorreram em e além da densidade populacional de cardo-mariano de 5 plantas m-2 durante 2013-2014 e 2014-2015, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que a planta daninha Cardo-mariano deve ser controlada se sua densidade populacional atingir 5 plantas m-2, a fim de evitar perdas significativas no rendimento de grãos do trigo.

ABSTRACT: Weed-induced yield loss in wheat crop is a great threat to food security in Pakistan. A comprehensive understanding of weed-crop competition is very important to develop sustainable and cost-effective weed management. For this purpose, two-year field studies were conducted to determine the effect of different blessed milkthistle densities on the phenology and yield of wheat crop in a rice-wheat cropping scheme in Sargodha, Pakistan during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experiment comprised seven treatments: control (weed free), weedy check (weedy without any control) and blessed milkthistle densities of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-2. In response to increasing weed density, a gradual reduction in yield and yield-related traits of wheat was noted. Compared to the weed-free control, a significant reduction in number of productive tillers m-2 (20% and 18%), plant height (15% and 18%), spike length (19% and 26%), number of grains spike-1 (23% and 26%), 1000 grain weight (28% and 28%), grain (29% and 30%) and biological (20% and 24%) yields of wheat occurred at and beyond blessed milkthistle density of 5 plants m-2 during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 respectively. It can be concluded that blessed milkthistle weed must be controlled if its population density reaches 5 plants m-2 in order to avoid significant grain yield losses in wheat.

RESUMO Introdução: Marcadores confiáveis para predizer morte súbita cardíaca (MSC) em pacientes com doença renal terminal (DRT) permanecem elusivos, mas os parâmetros do ecocardiograma (ECG) podem ajudar a estratificar os pacientes. Devido a seus papéis como marcadores para a dispersão miocárdica, especialmente em populações de alto risco, como aquelas com síndrome de Brugada, nós hipotetizamos que o intervalo pico da onda T ao final da onda T (TpTe) e TpTe/QT são fatores de risco independentes para MSC na DRT. Métodos: Revisão retrospectiva do prontuário foi realizada em uma coorte de pacientes com DRT iniciando a hemodiálise. Os pacientes eram veteranos de guerra americanos que utilizavam os centros médicos do Veterans Affairs para atendimento médico. A idade média de todos os participantes foi de 66 anos e a maioria era do sexo masculino, consistente com uma população veterana dos EUA. ECGs que foram realizados dentro de 18 meses após o início da diálise, e foram avaliados manualmente para TpTe e TpTe/QT. Os desfechos primários foram MSC e mortalidade por todas as causas, e estes foram avaliados até 5 anos após o início da diálise. Resultados: Após o critério de exclusão, foram identificados 205 pacientes, dos quais 94 com TpTe prolongado e 61 com intervalo TpTe/QT prolongado (não mutuamente exclusivo). A mortalidade geral foi de 70,2% em 5 anos e a MSC foi de 15,2%. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada nos desfechos primários ao se avaliar o TpTe (MSC: prolongado 16,0% versus normal 14,4%, p = 0,73; mortalidade por todas as causas: prolongado 55,3% vs. normal 47,7%, p = 0,43). Da mesma forma, nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada para TpTe/QT (MSC: prolongado 15,4% vs. normal 15,0%, p = 0,51; mortalidade por todas as causas: prolongado 80,7% vs. normal 66,7%, p = 0,39). Conclusões: Em pacientes com insuficiência renal terminal em hemodiálise, TpTe ou TpTe/QT prolongados não foram associados a um aumento significativo da morte súbita ou mortalidade por todas as causas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Reliable markers to predict sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) remain elusive, but echocardiogram (ECG) parameters may help stratify patients. Given their roles as markers for myocardial dispersion especially in high risk populations such as those with Brugada syndrome, we hypothesized that the Tpeak to Tend (TpTe) interval and TpTe/QT are independent risk factors for SCD in ESRD. Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted on a cohort of patients with ESRD starting hemodialysis. Patients were US veterans who utilized the Veterans Affairs medical centers for health care. Average age of all participants was 66 years and the majority were males, consistent with a US veteran population. ECGs that were performed within 18 months of dialysis initiation were manually evaluated for TpTe and TpTe/QT. The primary outcomes were SCD and all-cause mortality, and these were assessed up to 5 years following dialysis initiation. Results: After exclusion criteria, 205 patients were identified, of whom 94 had a prolonged TpTe, and 61 had a prolonged TpTe/QT interval (not mutually exclusive). Overall mortality was 70.2% at 5 years and SCD was 15.2%. No significant difference was observed in the primary outcomes when examining TpTe (SCD: prolonged 16.0% vs. normal 14.4%, p=0.73; all-cause mortality: prolonged 55.3% vs. normal 47.7%, p=0.43). Likewise, no significant difference was found for TpTe/QT (SCD: prolonged 15.4% vs. normal 15.0%, p=0.51; all-cause mortality: prolonged 80.7% vs. normal 66.7%, p=0.39). Conclusions: In ESRD patients on hemodialysis, prolonged TpTe or TpTe/QT was not associated with a significant increase in SCD or all-cause mortality.

RESUMO: O partênio é uma planta importante que representa uma grave ameaça ao rendimento e qualidade do sorgo e de muitas outras culturas da estação do verão, em todo o mundo. Como em outras culturas de campo, o partênio também reduz o rendimento e a qualidade das forrageiras nas culturas forrageiras, de modo que deve ser controlado nas forragens. A eficácia do controle de partênio de cinco tratamentos de herbicidas, incluindo dicamba a 304,5 g i.a. ha-1 (dose completa), dose total de dicamba + 1% de sulfato de amônio, dose total de dicamba + 2% de sulfato de amônio, dicamba at 75% da dose + 1% de sulfato de amônio e dicamba at 75% da dose + 2% de sulfato de amônio, foi testada no campo por dois anos consecutivos (2013 e 2014). Uma capina três semanas após o surgimento da colheita e o monitoramento de plantas daninhas foram mantidos como controle. A aplicação da dose total de dicamba com 2% de sulfato de amônio apresentou menor peso seco de partênio (16,5 g m-2 e 23,5 g m-2), e a absorção de NPK acompanhou a maior eficiência de controle de partênio, de 79,6% e 73,8% em 2013 e 2014, respectivamente. Essa estratégia de manejo de plantas daninhas também proporcionou valores máximos de componentes de produção de sorgo forrageiro, incluindo altura da planta (261 e 254 cm), diâmetro do caule (0,97 e 0,84 cm), área foliar por planta (3.072 e 3.041 cm2), rendimento de forragem fresca (63,4 e 60,9 t ha-1) e rendimento de matéria seca (17,4 e 15,8 t ha-1), em 2013 e 2014, respectivamente. Maior retorno líquido e taxa de retorno marginal (346 e 356% durante 2013 e 2014, respectivamente) também foram observados quando a dose total de dicamba com 2% de sulfato de amônio foi aplicada. Em conclusão, a aplicação misturada em tanque de dicamba at 304,5 g i.a. ha-1 com 2% de sulfato de amônio mostrou ser melhor para o controle eficiente da planta de partênio em sorgo forrageiro.

ABSTRACT: Parthenium is an important weed which poses severe threats to yield and quality of sorghum and many other summer season crops, worldwide. As in other field crops, parthenium also reduces yield and quality of forage plants in forage crops so it should be controlled in forage and fodder crops. Parthenium control efficacy of five herbicide treatments (including dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 (full rate) alone, dicamba at full rate + 1% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at full rate + 2% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at 75% rate + 1% ammonium sulphate and dicamba at 75% rate + 2% ammonium sulphate) was tested in field trials for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014). One manual hoeing three weeks after crop emergence was also performed as a treatment and weedy check was kept as control. Application of the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate showed the lowest parthenium dry weight (16.5 g m-2 and 23.5 g m-2) and NPK uptake that seem to be due to the highest parthenium control efficiency of 79.6% and 73.8% during 2013 and 2014, respectively. This weed management strategy also gave maximum values of yield components of forage sorghum, including plant height (261 and 254 cm), stem diameter (0.97 and 0.84 cm), leaf area per plant (3,072 and 3,041 cm2), fresh fodder yield (63.4 and 60.9 t ha-1) and dry matter yield (17.4 and 15.8 t ha-1) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Highest net return and marginal rate of return (346 and 356% in 2013 and 2014, respectively) were also found when the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate was applied. In conclusion, tank-mixed application of dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 with 2% of ammonium sulphate proved to be better for efficient control of parthenium weed in forage sorghum.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare early postoperative outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR) with sutureless bioprostheses and conventional stented bioprostheses implanted through median sternotomy. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2016, 763 patients underwent aortic valve replacement with bioprostheses; of these, 139 received a Perceval S sutureless valve (Group A) and 624 received a Perimount Magna Ease valve (Group B). These groups were further divided into A1 (isolated Perceval AVR), A2 (Perceval AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]), B1 (isolated conventional stented bioprosthesis), and B2 (conventional stented bioprosthesis + CABG). Results: Patients in Group A were older (mean 74 years vs. 71 years; P<0.0001), predominantly women (53% vs. 32%; P<0.0001), had a higher logistic EuroSCORE (3.26 vs. 2.43; P<0.001), more preoperative atrial fibrillation (20% vs. 13%; P=0.03), and had a lower reopening rate for bleeding (2.1% vs. 6.7%; P=0.04). Compared to Group B1, Group A1 had shorter cross-clamp (mean 40 min vs. 57 min; P≤0.0001) and bypass times (mean 63 min vs. mean 80 min; P=0.02), and they bled less postoperatively (mean 295 ml vs. mean 393 ml; P=0.002). The mean gradient across Perceval valve was 12.5 mmHg while its effective orifice area was 1.5 cm2. Conclusion: In our retrospective study of 763 patients, sutureless valve group patients are older, mostly women, more symptomatic preoperatively, and have higher logistic EuroSCORE. They have shorter cross-clamp and bypass times, less postoperative bleeding, and reduced incidence of reopening. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefits in short, mid, and long-terms.

We report herein the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new series of 6-aryl-2-(imidazol-1-yl/1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-(2H)-pyridazin-3-one (3a-j) as potential anticonvulsant and antitubercular agents. The title compounds were prepared by reacting 6-aryl-4,5-dihydro-(2H)-pyridazin-3-one (2a-e) with formaldehyde and secondary cyclic amine imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole as per Mannich reaction. Anticonvulsant activity of pyridazinone derivatives was tested at 50 mg.kg-1 dose level against maximal electroshock (MES), isoniazid (INH, 250 mg.kg-1) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ at 80 mg.kg-1) induced seizure methods. Phenytoin sodium (25 mg.kg-1) and sodium valproate (100 mg.kg-1) were used as reference drugs for comparison purpose. In-vitro antitubercular activity was tested by Microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) method and the results were compared with clinically used antitubercular agents such as INH, Pyrazinamide (PZA) and Streptomycin (STM). None of the screened compounds were found to be neurotoxic at a dose level of 100 mg.kg-1. All the screened compounds (3a-j) significantly reduced the MES, INH and PTZ induced convulsions and thus showed good anticonvulsant activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the title compounds against M. tuberculosis ranged from 1.6 µg/mL to 6.25 µg/mL in comparison to INH, PZA (3.125 µg/mL) and STM (6.25 µg/mL) which indicated good antitubercular activity.

RESUMO Um experimento em campo foi conduzido por dois anos consecutivos, a fim de estudar o efeito de diferentes densidades de Parthenium (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 e 16 plantas m-2) sobre os componentes de produção e produtividade de sorgo forrageiro, bem como seu nível de dano econômico. O experimento foi realizado durante o verão, em delineamento de blocos completos (DBC) com quatro repetições. Os resultados mostraram que diferentes densidades de Parthenium reduziram o rendimento e seus componentes do sorgo forrageiro. Contudo, o efeito foi menos proeminente em baixa densidade de Parthenium. Com o aumento da densidade de plantas de Parthenium, observou-se declínio significativo no rendimento e seus componentes Além disso, verificou-se redução na altura das plantas de 17,19% e 15,32%; diâmetro do caule, de 31,79% e 28,10%; número de folhas por planta, de 18,88% e 10,16%; colmo, de 51,01% e 45,03%; e rendimento de forragem fresca, de 24,97% e 26,49%, durante 2013 e 2014, respectivamente. O índice competitivo das plantas de Parthenium, a matéria seca e a captação dos principais nutrientes (NPK) também aumentaram à medida que a densidade delas foi aumentada. O nível de dano econômico sugerido de Parthenium foi de 2,2 plantas m-2, sendo recomendado o seu controle a partir dessa densidade, visando obter alto rendimento e boa qualidade de forragem das plantas de sorgo.

ABSTRACT A field trial was conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate the effect of different parthenium densities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 plants m-2) on the yield and yield components of forage sorghum along with parthenium economic threshold level. The experiment was laid out during the summer in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Different parthenium densities reduced yield and yield components of forage sorghum, as the parthenium density increased significant decline in yield and yield components. The highest parthenium density (16 plants m-2) reduced plant height by 17.19% and 15.32%, stem diameter by 31.79% and 28.10%, leaf area per plant by 18.88% and 10.16%, leaf to stem ratio by 51.01% and 45.03% and fresh fodder yield by 24.97% and 26.49% throughout 2013 and 2014, respectively. Parthenium relative competitive index (RCI), dry weight and nutrient uptake (NPK) also increased as parthenium density increased. The suggested economic threshold level of parthenium was 2.2 and 1.6 plants m-2 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Thus, control the parthenium at this density level is suggested for achieving high yield of good quality sorghum fodder.

Abstract We analyzed the genome sequence of an endophytic bacterial strain Pseudomonas putida TJI51 isolated from mango bark tissues. Next generation DNA sequencing and short read de novo assembly generated the 5,805,096 bp draft genome of P. putida TJI51. Out of 6,036 protein coding genes in P. putida TJI51 sequences, 4,367 (72%) were annotated with functional specifications, while the remaining encoded hypothetical proteins. Comparative genome sequence analysis revealed that the P. putida TJI51genome contains several regions, not identified in so far sequenced P. putida genomes. Some of these regions were predicted to encode enzymes, including acetylornithine deacetylase, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, benzoylformate decarboxylase, hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. The genome of P. putida TJI51 contained three nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters. Genome sequence analysis of P. putidaTJI51 identified this bacterium as an endophytic resident. The endophytic fitness might be linked with alginate, which facilitates bacterial colonization in plant tissues. Genome sequence analysis shed light on the presence of a diverse spectrum of metabolic activities and adaptation of this isolate to various niches.

In this work we present the plasma displacement and ßp +l i/2 by the Simplest Grad-Shafranov Equation (GSE) solution using Solov'ev assumption for circular cross section HT-7 tokamak. Using diamagnetic and compensation loop, combining with poloidal magnetic probe array signals, plasma displacement and ßp +l i/2 are measured. In this paper, theoretical and experimental results in determining plasma displacement and ßp +l i/2 are presented. We have seen that the calculated plasma displacement and the calculated ßp +l i/2 depend on the kind of discharge or plasma current.

The relation between parallel viscosity and the parallel conductivity for tokamak plasma has been derived by combining Ideal MHD equilibrium equations with the concept of universal profiles. It is obtained that the parallel viscosity Π║ and parallel conductivity σ║ in a tokamak are related by Π║σ║-1 = γ (U-U0)I/R, where U is the loop voltage, U0 is attributed to polarization, I is the toroidal current and R is the major radius of the machine. The coefficient γ depends on para- or diamagnetism and on toroidal effects and exhibits a weak dependence on the minor radius.