Abstract This study aimed to analyze the physical features and effect of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Niobium/HAp CaNb2O6/Ca3(PO4)2 composite on critical size defect in rat calvaria. Biomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Particle size distribution (PSD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Critical size (8 mm) calvarial defects were created in Wistar rats (n = 24) distributed in three groups (90 days): Control group (CG): critical defect no treatment; HAp group: Hydroxyapatite; CNb/CPO group: CaNb2O6/Ca3(PO4)2 composite. After 90 days, calvaria samples were subjected to histological, and immunohistochemical reactions for osteopontin and osteocalcin, and Micro-CT analyses. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a crystalline structure of CNb/CPO. XRF measurements confirmed the presence of Nb added in the sample CNb/CPO. Fracture toughness from CNb/CPO composite was 0.82 MPa.m1/2. Micro-CT showed increased trabecular number (p˂0.001), decreased porosities (%) (p˂0.001) and decreased trabecular separation (mm) (p˂0.001) in the CNb/CPO compared to CG group. In CNb/CPO group showed presence of new bone in which connective tissue differentiates to form or indicate a bone matrix score 3 (3-3.75, p˂0.05) and strong immunoexpression of osteopontin (p<0.05). The findings indicate that CNb/CPO showed resistance to the propagation of cracks and stimulated bone formation in calvaria defects in rats. (HAp NiobiumHAp Niobium CaNb2O6/Ca3PO42 CaNb2O6Ca3PO42 CaNbOCaPO CaNb2O6/Ca3 PO4 2 CaNb2O6 Ca3 CaNb O Ca PO CaNb2O6/Ca3(PO4) Xray X ray XRD, , (XRD) XRF, (XRF) PSD (PSD SEM. SEM . (SEM) 8 ( mm n 24 (9 days days) (CG) treatment Hydroxyapatite CNbCPO CNb CPO 9 histological osteocalcin MicroCT Micro CT analyses 082 0 82 0.8 MPam12 MPam MPa m1 m MPa.m1/2 p˂0.001, p0001 p p˂0.001 001 % (% (p˂0.001 (mm 33.75, 3375 3.75, 75 (3-3.75 p˂0.05 p005 05 p<0.05. p<0.05 (p<0.05) Ca3PO42 CaNb2O6/Ca3PO4 CaNb2O6Ca3PO4 CaNb2O6Ca3 CaNbOCa CaNb2O6/Ca CaNbO CaNb2O CaNb2O6/Ca3(PO4 (XRD (XRF (SEM (CG 08 0. MPam1 MPa.m1/ p000 p˂0.00 00 (p˂0.00 33 33.75 337 375 3.75 7 (3-3.7 p˂0.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 CaPO Ca3PO4 CaNb2O6/Ca3PO CaNb2O6Ca3PO CaNb2O6Ca CaNb2O6/Ca3(PO MPa.m1 (p˂0.0 33.7 37 3.7 (3-3. p˂0. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 Ca3PO MPa.m (p˂0. 33. 3. (3-3 p˂0 p<0 (p<0. (p˂0 (3- p˂ p< (p<0 (p˂ (3 (p< (p

Polysaccharide-based prodrugs formed via pH-responsive covalent interactions can be used to prepare nanoparticles for drug delivery to tumor cells. This study reports the synthesis of cashew gum-doxorubicin prodrugs via Schiff base (CG-S-DOX) and amide bonds (CG-A-DOX), both of which exhibit pH-responsive behavior. Synthesis was confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. Drug-binding content and efficiency were higher for CG-S-DOX than for CG-A-DOX. The capacity of the nanoparticles to self-organize in aqueous media was confirmed using fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Both prodrugs possessed sizes < 200 nm and showed responsive doxorubicin-release profiles in the acidic tumor cell microenvironment. Compared with free DOX, the CG-S-DOX and CG-A-DOX prodrug had significantly reduced cytotoxicity against non-tumor cells (L929). CG-S-DOX, but not CG-A-DOX, showed antitumor activity against HCT-116 (human colorectal cancer) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cells. An uptake assay confirmed that the nanoparticles were easily taken up by HCT-116 cells. These results together with the great reduction in cytotoxicity against non-tumor cells, confirm the potential of CG-S-DOX prodrug nanoparticles as a reliable and efficient system for the effective delivery of doxorubicin to tumor cells. Polysaccharidebased Polysaccharide based pHresponsive pH gumdoxorubicin gum CGSDOX CG S DOX (CG-S-DOX CGADOX, CGADOX A , (CG-A-DOX) behavior techniques Drugbinding Drug binding CGADOX. DOX. selforganize self organize spectroscopy scattering microscopy 20 doxorubicinrelease release microenvironment nontumor non L929. L929 L . (L929) CGSDOX, HCT116 HCT 116 HCT-11 human cancer MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- (CG-A-DOX 2 L92 (L929 HCT11 11 HCT-1 L9 (L92 HCT1 1 HCT- (L9 (L

Abstract This work is a bibliographical research, of the type State of Knowledge. The analysis aims to map how the History of Professional Education (PTE) has been approached in the publications of the Revista Brasileira de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. The search obtained twenty-seven results, and the analysis was performed from the abstracts, using the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin (2011) and Moraes (1999) as methodology. We conclude that the studies of the History of Professional Education, although still in low quantity, are extremely important for a critical reflection on the practices sought by the PTE proposals. research Knowledge (PTE Tecnológica twentyseven twenty seven results abstracts 2011 (2011 1999 (1999 methodology quantity proposals 201 (201 199 (199 20 (20 19 (19 2 (2 1 (1 (

Resumo Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, do tipo Estado do Conhecimento. A análise objetivou mapear como a História da Educação Profissional vem sendo abordada nas publicações da Revista Brasileira de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. A busca realizada na base de dados da revista obteve vinte e sete resultados. A análise dos textos realizada a partir dos resumos utilizou como metodologia a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011) e Moraes (1999). Concluiu-se que os estudos da História da Educação Profissional, apesar da baixa quantidade, contribuem para a reflexão crítica acerca das práticas almejadas pelas propostas da EPT. bibliográfica Conhecimento Tecnológica resultados 2011 (2011 1999. 1999 . (1999) Concluiuse Concluiu se quantidade EPT 201 (201 199 (1999 20 (20 19 (199 2 (2 1 (19 ( (1

Resumen Este trabajo es el resultado de una investigación bibliográfica del tipo 'Estado del Conocimiento'. El objetivo del análisis fue mapear cómo se aborda la Historia de la Educación Profesional en las publicaciones de la Revista Brasileira de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. La búsqueda realizada en la base de datos de la revista arrojó veintisiete resultados. El análisis de los textos, basado en los resúmenes, utilizó como metodología el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin (2011) y Moraes (1999). Se concluyó que, a pesar de la escasa cantidad, los estudios sobre la Historia de la Educación Profesional contribuyen a la reflexión crítica sobre las prácticas buscadas por las propuestas de la EPT. Estado Conocimiento. Conocimiento . Conocimiento' Tecnológica resultados textos resúmenes 2011 (2011 1999. 1999 (1999) que cantidad EPT 201 (201 199 (1999 20 (20 19 (199 2 (2 1 (19 ( (1

ABSTRACT The state of Bahia has the third largest equine herd in Brazil, with the horse industry overtaking several sectors of the economy currently. However, animals may be exposed to several pathogenic agents, especially the equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. EIA is a persistent viral disease with a worldwide distribution and is considered the main infectious disease in horses. Therefore, this study sought data from serological survey EIA in Itapé and Barro Preto municipalities, inserted in the southern Coastal Identity Territory of Bahia, by using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. A total of 1,880 blood serum samples from Equidae older than 6 months were analyzed from 172 properties. The general prevalence of outbreaks was 25.58% (44/172), presenting 40.47% (34/84) in Barro Preto (cocoa zone) and 11.36% (10/88) in Itapé (livestock zone). The prevalence of positive animals in Itapé was 1.01% and in Barro Preto 12.15%. Each assessed property received a questionnaire with emphasis on sanitary management and a booklet containing basic disease information. It was concluded the EIA is endemic in two epidemiologically distinct areas in the Southern Coastal Identity Territory of Bahia, one with a high prevalence in the cocoa zone for both animals and properties, and the other, in livestock zone, with a significantly low prevalence for animals, however also high for properties. Regarding the risk factors, there was a correlation between the species and age of the animals. Mules and the elderly showed a significant association, probably due to the habitat they live in and longer exposure to the virus. Brazil currently However agents (EIA virus horses Therefore municipalities test 1880 1 880 1,88 17 properties 2558 25 58 25.58 44/172, 44172 44/172 , 44 (44/172) 4047 40 47 40.47 34/84 3484 34 84 (34/84 1136 11 36 11.36 10/88 1088 10 88 (10/88 zone. . 101 01 1.01 1215 12 15 12.15% information other factors association 188 1,8 255 2 5 25.5 4417 44/17 4 (44/172 404 40.4 34/8 348 3 8 (34/8 113 11.3 10/8 108 (10/8 0 1.0 121 12.15 18 1, 25. 441 44/1 (44/17 40. 34/ (34/ 11. 10/ (10/ 1. 12.1 44/ (44/1 (34 (10 12. (44/ (3 (1 (44 ( (4

Abstract An adequate amount of soil organic matter is considered essential for long-term sustainable agriculture, ensuring good productivity. Therefore, the present study quantified carbon and nitrogen stocks and microbiological activity in soil of three different areas: Forest-pasture System, Pasture System and preserved Caatinga - used as a reference of the experiment - located in a semi-arid region, in Watershed of Pajeú River, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Eight trenches were opened in each system to collect soil samples at depths of 0 - 10, 20 - 30 and 50 - 60 cm, for chemical and microbiological analysis. In general, attributes of soil showed better results of land use in the following order: preserved Caatinga - Forest-pasture System - Pasture System.

Over the years, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been reported in the literature as an alternative to traditional methods of analysis, becoming well established among spectroanalytical techniques. LIBS is a technique widely used for qualitative approaches; however, it is necessary considerable effort for use in quantitative analysis, mainly due to severe matrix effects. These limitations make it difficult to broaden the application of LIBS in quantitative analysis. In this sense, this review discusses recent advances in calibration strategies applied in LIBS for minimizing matrix effects and enabling determination with satisfactory accuracy and precision. Applications, advantages, and limitations of the calibration strategies, such as matrix-matching calibration (MMC), internal standardization (IS), standard addition (SA), multi-energy calibration (MEC), one-point gravimetric standard addition (OP GSA), one-point and multi-line calibration (OP MLC), slope ratio calibration (SRC), two-point calibration transfer (TP CT), single-sample calibration (SSC), multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are discussed.

ABSTRACT In Latin America, the causative agent of kala-azar is the intracellular protozoan Leishmania infantum. Most cases in South America are reported in Brazil. Worldwide, it mainly affects Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, South Sudan and Sudan. Despite the high morbidity and lethality of kala-azar, most infections are asymptomatic. However, a small portion of patients evolves with recurrence of kala-azar becoming symptomatic even after all available drug treatments. Kala-azar is not a formal indication for splenectomy in adults. Splenectomy is recommended as a saving measure, when kala-azar is associated with symptomatic hypersplenism and for drug-resistant cases. In the study, we report two cases of kala-azar with splenomegaly that presented several hospitalizations due to the recurrence of the kala-azar, in addition to hospitalizations for normalizing the blood count. After splenectomy, kala-azar cases and the effects of hypersplenism are cured. Thus, splenectomy should be seen as a surgical treatment option with a curative purpose in patients with recurrent kala-azar, in whom the possibilities of drug therapy have been exhausted and even so they progressed with hypersplenism and clinical repercussions.

RESUMO Em cultivos consorciados, uma alta densidade de plantas pode retardar o acúmulo de biomassa e afetar a disponibilidade hídrica às plantas. Objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica da água no solo e o desempenho produtivo no consórcio de milho e Brachiaria ruziziensis sob diferentes densidades de semeadura desta forrageira. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, com tratamentos associados às densidades de semeadura (2 kg ha-1, 4 kg ha-1, 6 kg ha-1 e 8 kg ha-1) e ambas as espécies em monocultivo como testemunhas. No milho, avaliou-se a produtividade de grãos e, na braquiária, o número de plantas por hectare e as massas verde e seca da parte aérea. O desempenho do consórcio foi avaliado pelo índice de uso eficiente da terra. A dinâmica da água no solo foi monitorada em duas profundidades (0-0,3 m e 0,3-0,6 m), pela técnica de reflectometria no domínio do tempo. A avaliação do armazenamento de água no solo foi realizada a partir de parcelas com quatro dos sistemas de cultivo (milho ou braquiária em monocultivo, e consórcios com as densidades de semeadura extremas), em quatro períodos. O aumento na densidade de semeadura de B. ruziziensis diminuiu a produtividade dos grãos do milho consorciado em 30,8 %. O consórcio usando 2 kg ha-1 de sementes da forrageira proporcionou melhor eficiência no uso da terra (23 %). Ademais, os tratamentos com consórcio promoveram maior extração de água do solo, especialmente nas fases de maior exigência hídrica do milho (e.g., florescimento e enchimento de grãos). Estes sistemas simulam a extração de água em maiores profundidades, quando comparados ao milho em cultivo solteiro.

ABSTRACT In intercropping systems, a high plant density can delay the biomass accumulation and affect the water availability to plants. This study aimed to evaluate the soil water dynamics and the crop yield performance in maize and Brachiaria ruziziensis intercropping under different sowing densities of the forage grass. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with treatments associated to the sowing densities (2 kg ha-1, 4 kg ha-1, 6 kg ha-1 and 8 kg ha-1) and the single cropping for both species as controls. The maize plants were evaluated for grain yield and B. ruziziensis for number of plants per hectare and shoot fresh and dry matter. The intercropping performance was evaluated using the land-use efficiency index. The soil water dynamics was monitored in two soil depths (0-0.3 m and 0.3-0.6 m) by using the time domain reflectometry method. The evaluation of soil water storage was carried out from plots with four of the crop systems (single maize or B. ruziziensis, and intercropping with the extreme sowing densities), at four different times. The increase in the sowing density of B. ruziziensis decreased the grain yield of the intercropped maize by 30.8 %. The intercropping system using 2 kg ha-1 of the grass seeds resulted in the best land-use efficiency (23 %). In addition, the intercropping treatments promoted a higher extraction of water from the soil, mainly at the maize growth stages with higher hydric demand (e.g., flowering and grain filling). These systems stimulate the extraction of water from deeper soil layers, when compared to maize in single cropping.

ABSTRACT Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson, Verbenaceae, is considered a great source of a bioactive volatile oil. Due to the wide range of known chemotypes, its chemical analysis is very important. Among the several activities of this volatile oil, a potential larvicidal action against Culicidae species is highlighted. However, the low water miscibility of volatile oils limits their application in aqueous media. Oil in water nano-emulsions are in the spotlight of novelty to solve this main problem. Thus, the aim of the present study was to obtain this nanostructured system with L. alba volatile oil (citral chemotype) and evaluate its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The major compounds were geranial (30.02%) and neral (25.26%). Low mean droplet size (117.0 ± 1.0 nm) and low polydispersity index (0.231 ± 0.004) were observed and no major changes were observed after seven days of storage. LC50 values against C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti third-instar larvae were respectively 38.22 and 31.02 ppm, while LC90 values were, respectively, 59.42 and 47.19 ppm. The present study makes use of a low energy, solvent-free and ecofriendly method with reduced costs. Thus, this paper contributes significantly to phyto-nanobiotechnology of larvicidal agents, opening perspectives for the utilization of L. alba volatile oil in integrated practices of vector control.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as diferenças entre os desfechos da terapia nutricional com ingestão ideal de calorias mais alto teor proteico e do padrão de cuidados nutricionais em pacientes críticos adultos. Métodos: Randomizamos pacientes com previsão de permanecer na unidade de terapia intensiva por pelo menos 3 dias. No grupo com ingestão ideal de calorias mais alto teor proteico, a necessidade de ingestão calórica foi determinada por calorimetria indireta e a ingestão proteica foi estabelecida em níveis de 2,0 a 2,2g/kg/dia. O grupo controle recebeu calorias em nível de 25kcal/kg/dia e 1,4 a 1,5g/kg/dia de proteínas. O desfecho primário foi o escore do sumário do componente físico obtido aos 3 e 6 meses após a randomização. Os desfechos secundários incluíram força de preensão manual quando da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva, duração da ventilação mecânica e mortalidade hospitalar. Resultados: A análise incluiu 120 pacientes. Não houve diferença significante entre os dois grupos em termos de calorias recebidas. Contudo, a quantidade de proteínas recebidas pelo grupo com nível ideal de calorias mais alto teor de proteínas foi significantemente mais alta do que a recebida pelo grupo controle. O escore do sumário componente físico aos 3 e 6 meses após a randomização não diferiu entre ambos os grupos, assim como não diferiram os desfechos secundários. Entretanto, após ajuste para covariáveis, um delta proteico negativo (proteínas recebidas menos a necessidade proteica predeterminada) se associou com escore do sumário do componente físico mais baixo nas avaliações realizadas 3 e 6 meses após a randomização. Conclusão: Neste estudo, a estratégia com ingestão calórica ideal mais elevado teor proteico não pareceu melhorar a qualidade de vida física em comparação aos cuidados nutricionais padrão. Contudo, após ajuste para covariáveis, um delta proteico negativo se associou com escores do sumário do componente físico mais baixos nas avaliações realizadas aos 3 e aos 6 meses após a randomização. Esta associação ocorreu independentemente do método de cálculo do alvo proteico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate differences in outcomes for an optimized calorie and high protein nutrition therapy versus standard nutrition care in critically ill adult patients. Methods: We randomized patients expected to stay in the intensive care unit for at least 3 days. In the optimized calorie and high protein nutrition group, caloric intake was determined by indirect calorimetry, and protein intake was established at 2.0 to 2.2g/kg/day. The control group received 25kcal/kg/day of calories and 1.4 to 1.5g/kg/day protein. The primary outcome was the physical component summary score obtained at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included handgrip strength at intensive care unit discharge, duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital mortality. Results: In total, 120 patients were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in calories received. However, the amount of protein received by the optimized calorie and high protein nutrition group was significantly higher compared with the control group. The physical component summary score at 3 and 6 months did not differ between the two groups nor did secondary outcomes. However, after adjusting for covariates, a negative delta protein (protein received minus predetermined protein requirement) was associated with a lower physical component summary score at 3 and 6 months postrandomization. Conclusion: In this study optimized calorie and high protein strategy did not appear to improve physical quality of life compared with standard nutrition care. However, after adjusting for covariates, a negative delta protein was associated with a lower physical component summary score at 3 and 6 months postrandomization. This association exists independently of the method of calculation of protein target.

Abstract Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of some neglected diseases, including dengue. It is very important to develop formulations that increase effectiveness of vector control with low toxicity. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that modulates the development of some insects. The low water solubility of quercetin impairs the development of water-dispersible commercial products. To circumvent this problem, the preparation of nanoformulations is considered promising. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bulk and quercetin nanosuspension against A. aegypti larvae and also to investigate their ecotoxicity. Quercetin nanosuspension was produced by a solvent displacement method followed by solvent evaporation and was maintained in two different temperatures (4 and 25 ºC). Its size distribution and zeta potential were monitored along 30 days. The influence of quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin was investigated at various concentrations against A. aegypti and the green algae Chlorella vulgaris. The quercetin nanosuspension presented higher stability at 4 ºC and negative zeta potential values. Quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin adversely affected the larvae development, especially at the highest concentrations. Larvae mortality was between 44% and 100% (48 h) for quercetin nanosuspension at 100 and 500 ppm, respectively. The bulk-quercetin induced around 50% mortality regardless the concentration used at this same time-period. Absence of emerging mosquitoes from water was observed on the survival larvae of all the treated groups. Quercetin nanosuspension was less toxic than bulk-quercetin against C. vulgaris, especially at higher concentrations. These data indicate that quercetin nanosuspension may represent a potential larvicide for A. aegypti control, once they induced larvae death and inhibited the survival ones to emerge from water. In addition, it did not demonstrated ecotoxicity against a non-target organism, highlighting its better properties, when compared to the bulk-quercetin.

Background: Acute severe colitis (ASC) remains a challenging complication of ulcerative colitis. The early identification of patients who will not respond to optimal therapy is warranted. Increasing evidence suggests that endoscopy may play a role in predicting important outcomes in acute severe colitis. Methods: The endoscopic activity of consecutive patients with acute severe colitis was evaluated using the Mayo endoscopic sub-score (Mayo) and the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS). Two segmental indexes were also produced by summing the scores of the rectum and sigmoid (seg-Mayo and seg-UCEIS, respectively). Endpoints included the need for salvage therapy with infliximab or cyclosporine, refractoriness to corticosteroids, and colectomy. Results: Of one hundred and eight patients enrolled in the study, 60 (55.6%) were male; with a median age of 34.5 years (range 15-80). All patients received intravenous steroids. Fifty-nine patients (55.6%) showed an incomplete or absent response to steroids, 35 patients (34.3%) received salvage therapy with infliximab or cyclosporine and 38 patients (33.3%) were colectomized during the index hospitalization or within the first year of follow-up. All scores were able to predict the need for surgery, but only the seg-UCEIS significantly predicted refractoriness to steroids. Conclusions: There was a strong correlation between endoscopic severity and unfavorable outcomes. The UCEIS outperformed the Mayo endoscopic sub-score in all important outcomes. Segmental scoring further improved the performance of the UCEIS.

Ischemic colitis is the most common subtype of intestinal ischemia usually resulting from vasospasm, vessel occlusion or mesenteric hypoperfusion. Neuroleptics have seldom been linked to ischemic colitis by blocking peripheral anticholinergic and antiserotonergic receptors inducing severe gastrointestinal paresis. We report a young patient with severe ischemic colitis requiring surgery due to necrosis of the bowel. After exclusion of other potential causes, olanzapine was admitted as the cause of ischemia. Clinicians should be aware of how to recognize and treat the potentially life-threatening effects of neuroleptics.

<p>An asymmetrical dimer of kaurane diterpene and monoterpene and four novel diterpenes were isolated from the roots of <italic>Croton limae</italic>, along with kaempferol-3-<italic>O</italic>-glucoside, ombuin- 3-O-rutinoside and acetyl aleuritolic acid. The cytotoxic activity of the kaurane diterpene was evaluated against colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-116), ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-8) and glioma (SF-295) cell lines, exhibiting IC₅₀ values of 7.14, 8.19 and > 10 µg mL⁻¹, respectively.</p>