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Coleoptera of Brazil: what we knew then and what we know now. Insights from the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil Brazil now
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Caron, Edilson
; Monné, Marcela L.
; Ferreira, Vinicius S.
; Costa, Cleide
; Cupello, Mario
; Aloquio, Sergio
; Linzmeier, Adelita M.
; Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.
; Leivas, Fernando W.T.
; Souza-Gonçalves, Igor
; Mermudes, José R.M.
; Almeida, Lúcia M.
; Moura, Luciano de A.
; Ferreira Júnior, Nelson
; Grossi, Paschoal C.
; Vanin, Sergio A.
; Ślipiński, Adam
; Anichtchenko, Alexander
; Newton, Alfred F.
; Sampaio, Aline
; Carelli, Allan
; Puker, Anderson
; Ferreira, André da S.
; Fernandes, André S.
; Roza, André S.
; Cline, Andrew
; Sampaio, Brunno H.L.
; Clarkson, Bruno
; Castro, Camila F. de
; Bicho, Carla de L.
; Benetti, César J.
; Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S.
; Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano
; Manfio, Daiara
; Colpani, Daniara
; Basílio, Daniel S.
; Bená, Daniela de C.
; Pollock, Darren A.
; Souza, Diego de S.
; Rodrigues, Diego F.
; Chandler, Donald S.
; Nascimento, Elynton A. do
; Spiessberger, Erich L.
; Agrain, Federico A.
; Barbosa, Felipe F.
; Shockley, Floyd
; Nascimento, Francisco E. de L.
; Biffi, Gabriel
; Powell, Gareth S.
; Morse, Geoffrey E.
; Flores, Gustavo E.
; Escalona, Hermes
; Quintino, Hingrid Y.S.
; Rainho, Hugo L.
; Maddalena, Italo S.C.P.
; Hájek, Jiří
; McHugh, Joseph V.
; Botero, Juan P.
; Fuhrmann, Juares
; Churata-Salcedo, Julissa M.
; Vieira, Letícia M.
; Silveira, Luiz F.L. da
; Cruz, Luiza S. da
; Sekerka, Lukás
; Bologna, Marco A.
; Bevilaqua, Marcus V.O.
; Passos, Maria I.
; Chamorro, Maria L.
; Cherman, Mariana A.
; Bento, Matheus
; Gimmel, Matthew
; Segura, Melissa O.
; Ivie, Michael A.
; Thomas, Michael C.
; Monné, Miguel A.
; Lord, Nathan
; Hamada, Neusa
; Degallier, Nicolas
; Santos, Paula B. dos
; Duarte, Paulo R.M.
; Gnaspini, Pedro
; Bulirsch, Petr
; Regalin, Renato
; Leschen, Richard A.B.
; Constantin, Robert
; Corrêa, Rodrigo C.
; Gerstmeier, Roland
; Rosa, Simone P.
; Campos, Stéphanie V.N.
; Peck, Stewart B.
; Pacheco, Thaynara L.
; Polizei, Thiago T.S.
; McElrath, Thomas C.
; Grzymala, Traci L.
; Smith, Trevor R.
; Costa-Silva, Vinicius da
; Sandoval-Gómez, Vivian E.
; Sousa, Wesley O. de
; Tomaszewska, Wioletta
.
ABSTRACT In 2000, Cleide Costa published a paper presenting the state of knowledge of the Neotropical Coleopte ra, with a focus on the Brazilian fauna. Twenty-four years later, thanks to the development of the Coleoptera section of the Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna (CTFB - Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil) through the collaboration of 100 coleopterists from all over the globe, we can build on Costa’s work and present an updated overview of the state of knowledge of the beetles from Brazil. There are currently 35,699 species in 4,958 genera and 116 families known to occur in the country, including representatives of all extant suborders and superfamilies. Our data show that the Brazilian beetle fauna is the richest on the planet, concentrating 9% of the world species diversity, with some estimates accounting to up to 15% of the global total. The most diverse family in numbers of genera is Cerambycidae (1,056 genera), while in number of species it is Chrysomelidae (6,079 species). Conotrachelus Dejean, 1835 (Curculionidae) is the most species-rich genus, with 570 species. The French entomologist Maurice Pic is the author who has contributed the most to the naming of species recorded from Brazil, with 1,794 valid names in 36 families, whereas the Brazilians Ubirajara R. Martins and Maria Helena M. Galileo are the only ones among the top-ten authors to have named species in the 21st century. Currently, approximately 144 new species of Brazilian beetles are described each year, and this average is projected to increase in the next decade to 180 species per year, or about one new Brazilian beetle every two days. 2000 ra Twentyfour Twenty four later CTFB Brasil 10 globe Costas s Brazil 35699 35 699 35,69 4958 4 958 4,95 11 country superfamilies planet 9 diversity 15 total 1,056 1056 1 056 (1,05 genera, , genera) 6,079 6079 6 079 (6,07 . species) Dejean 183 Curculionidae (Curculionidae speciesrich rich genus 57 1794 794 1,79 3 R M topten top ten st century Currently 14 year 18 days 200 3569 69 35,6 495 95 4,9 1,05 105 05 (1,0 6,07 607 07 (6,0 5 179 79 1,7 20 356 35, 49 4, 1,0 0 (1, 6,0 60 (6, 17 7 1, 2 (1 6, (6 (
2.
Experience of a pediatric HIV clinic in Guatemala City
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Samayoa, Blanca
; Anderson, Matthew R.
; Grazioso, Carlos
; Rivera, Blanca Estela
; Harrison, Margo
; O'Brien, William
; Arathoon, Eduardo
.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical experience of a Guatemalan pediatric HIV clinic and referral center, and fill the gap in literature available on pediatric HIV in Guatemala, a country facing a growing HIV epidemic. METHODS: Analyses were performed on data available from the clinical databases maintained by the Clínica Familiar Luis ángel García within the Hospital General San Juan de Dios in Guatemala City, Guatemala. RESULTS: From January 1997-June 2006, a total of 536 children (individuals under 13 years of age) were registered at the clinic, 54% of them female. At the initial visit, 241 were known to be HIV infected, while 295 were known to have been exposed to HIV, but were of undetermined infection status. Of the 295 with undetermined status, serostatus was determined in 173, and 57 (33%) were HIV positive. The patients came from all 24 departments of Guate mala, but the majority (64%) was from Guatemala City. Most had perinatal exposure; three patients had been sexually exposed to HIV (all male); and the mode of infection could not be determined for six children. In the cohort of children whose infection status was initially undetermined, the provision of antiretroviral (ARV) medication (both pre- and neonatal), in addition to Cesarean section, was associated with an odds ratio of 0.06 for HIV infection (P < 0.001) when compared to children who had no interventions. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was administered to 167 HIV-infected children. There were 44 known deaths in this cohort; no deaths occurred among the children who were not infected. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric HIV/AIDS is present in all parts of Guatemala. Programs to prevent mother to child transmission and to provide appropriate treatment to families living with HIV/AIDS must be a public health priority.
OBJETIVOS: Describir la experiencia de una clínica y centro de referencia pediátrico para el VIH en Guatemala y llenar el vacío existente en la literatura científica sobre la infección pediátrica por el VIH en ese país, donde se enfrenta una creciente epidemia por el VIH. MÉTODOS: SE analizaron los datos disponibles en la base de datos clínicos de la Clínica Familiar Luis Ángel García del Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala. RESULTADOS: Entre enero de 1997 y junio de 2006 en la clínica se registraron 536 menores de 13 años; 54% de los cuales eran niñas. En la visita inicial se sabía que 241 estaban infectados por el VIH y que 295 habían estado expuestos a ese virus aunque su diagnóstico era indeterminado. De estos, se determinó el estatus serológico de 173, de los cuales 57 (33%) resultaron positivos al VIH. Los pacientes procedían de los 24 departamentos de Guatemala, pero la mayoría (64%) era de la Ciudad de Guatemala. La mayoría de los pacientes había estado expuestos al VIH por la vía perinatal; tres pacientes (todos varones), por la vía sexual y no se pudo determinar la vía de infección de seis niños. En la cohorte de niños con diagnóstico inicial indeterminado, el tratamiento antirretroviral (tanto pre como posnatal) junto con el nacimiento por cesárea se asociaron con una razón de posibilidades (odds ratio) de tener la infección por el VIH de 0,06 (P < 0,001) en comparación con los niños sin estas intervenciones. El tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (HAART) se administró a 167 niños infectados por el VIH. Se registraron 44 muertes en esta cohorte, ninguna en los niños sin infección. CONCLUSIONES: La infección pediátrica por VIH/sida está presente en todos los departamentos de Guatemala. Los programas para evitar la transmisión de madre a hijo y brindar el tratamiento adecuado a las familias que viven con VIH/sida son una prioridad de salud pública.
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