Resumen En la región semiárida de Paraíba, el caupí es el principal producto de la agricultura familiar. El cultivo tiene baja productividad debido a lluvias irregulares y condiciones climá ticas desfavorables. Además, la productividad también se ve afectada por el uso deficiente de las tecnologías de producción. Con el objetivo de superar estas limitaciones y aumentar la eficiencia de la selección de cultivares superiores, se llevó a cabo un extenso estudio utili zando modelos biométricos en caupí. Este primer trabajo tuvo los siguientes objetivos: i. Cuantificar los efectos directos e indirectos de los componentes primarios y secundarios en la producción de granos; ii. Identificar variables con mayor potencial para la selección de cultivares de caupí en la región semiárida de Paraíba y iii. Determinar las estrategias de selección más adecuadas para el conjunto de variables evaluadas. El experimento se llevó a cabo en un campo experimental en el Centro de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande. Se evaluó la influencia de 6 componentes primarios y 6 componentes secundarios de la producción sobre la variable rendimiento de grano. Los datos se sometieron a ANAVA y se estimaron parámetros genéticos. También se realizaron correlaciones y análisis de ruta. Se identificaron variables con mayor potencial para la selección de cultivares superiores de caupí en la región semiárida de Paraíba. Se encontró que la variable rendimiento de vaina es la más prometedora para la selección de cultivares con mayor rendimiento de grano debido a la magnitud de los efectos fenotípico y genotípico. La selección directa y la selección simultánea son las estrategias más adecuadas para el conjunto de variables evaluadas. Sin embargo, para maximizar las ganancias gené ticas, se continuó el estudio a través de índices de selección.

Abstract In the semi-arid region of Paraíba, cowpea has low productivity due to irregular rainfall and poor use of production technologies. An extensive study aimed at selecting more productive cultivars was conducted using biometric models. This first work had the following objectives: i. Quantify direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary compo nents on grain production; ii. Identify variables with greater potential for cultivar selection in the semiarid region of Paraíba and iii. Determine the most appropriate selection strat egies for the evaluated variables. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field. The influence of 6 primary and 6 secondary production components was evaluated on grain yield. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis were estimated. Given the strong direct phenotypic and genotypic effects, pod yield results the most promising variable for higher grain yield selection. Direct and simultaneous selec tions are the most suitable strategies for the set of evaluated variables. However, further studies on selection indices are necessary to maximize genetic gains.

Resumen En la región semiárida de Paraíba, el caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) es el prin cipal producto de la agricultura familiar. El cultivo tiene baja productividad debido a lluvias irregulares y al uso de cultivares de baja productividad. Con el objetivo de superar estas limitaciones y aumentar la eficiencia de la selección de cultivares superiores, se llevó a cabo un extenso estudio utilizando modelos biométricos en caupí, con los siguientes obje tivos: i. Estimar las ganancias genéticas de los componentes de la producción; ii. Identi ficar el modelo de índice de selección que proporciona las mayores ganancias mediante la selección simultánea de un conjunto de variables y iii. Seleccionar cultivares con mayor productividad. El experimento se llevó a cabo en el campo experimental del Centro de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande. Se evaluaron 13 variables relacionadas con la productividad. Los datos se sometieron a ANOVA y las medias se agruparon según la prueba de Scott y Knott p≤ 0,05. También se estimó el coeficiente de heredabilidad de cada variable. Las ganancias genéticas se estimaron utili zando las siguientes metodologías: respuesta correlacionada, índice de selección clásico, suma de rango e índice basado en las ganancias deseadas. Se encontró que la selección directa del componente de rendimiento de la vaina secundaria proporciona ganancias genéticas significativas en rendimiento de grano. Entre las metodologías utilizadas, el índice de selección clásico proporcionó una mayor distribución de las ganancias genéticas para rendimiento de grano y para los componentes primarios de producción. Estos resultados permiten concluir que los cultivares Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã y Paulistinha pueden seleccionarse para cultivo y explotación en la región semiárida de Paraíba.

Abstract Low cowpea productivity (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the semi-arid region of Paraíba is due, among other factors, to poor-quality cultivars. This research tested biometric models intending to increase productivity of superior cultivars with the following objectives: i. Estimate genetic gains in production components; ii. Identify the selection index model providing the greatest gains through simultaneously selecting a set of variables, and iii. Select cultivars with higher productivity. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Eight cultivars and 13 variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were grouped using the Scott and Knott test. Genetic gains were estimated by correlated response, classic selection index, rank sum and index based on desired gains. Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. Among the methodologies used, the classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. These results allow concluding that Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã and Paulistinha cultivars should be selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semiarid region of Paraíba.

Este estudo identificou o padrão de consumo de álcool entre estudantes do ensino médio de Passos (MG) e sua associação com fatores socio-demográficos. Participaram 1.967 adolescentes de instituições públicas e privadas de ensino. Utilizou-se o questionário AUDIT. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, teste de qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 15,84±1,23 anos. O primeiro contato com o álcool ocorreu aos 13,37±1,92 anos. Dos adolescentes, 30,96% eram abstêmios, 45,76% apresentaram comportamento de beber moderado, 16,47% de beber de risco, 3,51% de alto risco e 3,31% de possível dependência. Houve associação significativa entre o risco de beber e o sexo, relacionamento do adolescente com a mãe, trabalho, nível econômico e de escolaridade do chefe da família. Na análise multivariada observou-se maior risco para os adolescentes do sexo masculino, trabalhadores e com ausência de bom relacionamento com a mãe. Verificou-se que os adolescentes apresentaram contato precoce com bebidas alcoólicas e alta prevalência de comportamento de beber de risco.

This study identified the pattern of alcohol consumption among high school students in Passos, Minas Gerais State, and its association with socio-demographic factors. Study participants included 1,967 adolescents from public and private educational institutions. The AUDIT questionnaire was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were applied. The average age of participants was 15.84±1.23 years. The first contact with alcohol occurred at 13.37±1.92 years. Among the adolescents, 30.96% were teetotalers, 45.76% had moderate drinking behavior, 16.47%, were risk drinkers, 3.51% were high-risk drinkers, and 3.31% possible addicts. There was a significant association between the risk of drinking and sex, the relationship of adolescents with their mothers, work, economic bracket and education of the head of the family. In multivariate analysis, there was a higher risk for adolescent males, as well as workers with a poor relationship with their mothers. It was found that teenagers have early contact with alcohol and high prevalence of risk-related drinking behavior.

Este estudo identificou o padrão de consumo de álcool entre estudantes do ensino médio de Passos (MG) e sua associação com fatores socio-demográficos. Participaram 1.967 adolescentes de instituições públicas e privadas de ensino. Utilizou-se o questionário AUDIT. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, teste de qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 15,84±1,23 anos. O primeiro contato com o álcool ocorreu aos 13,37±1,92 anos. Dos adolescentes, 30,96% eram abstêmios, 45,76% apresentaram comportamento de beber moderado, 16,47% de beber de risco, 3,51% de alto risco e 3,31% de possível dependência. Houve associação significativa entre o risco de beber e o sexo, relacionamento do adolescente com a mãe, trabalho, nível econômico e de escolaridade do chefe da família. Na análise multivariada observou-se maior risco para os adolescentes do sexo masculino, trabalhadores e com ausência de bom relacionamento com a mãe. Verificou-se que os adolescentes apresentaram contato precoce com bebidas alcoólicas e alta prevalência de comportamento de beber de risco.

This study identified the pattern of alcohol consumption among high school students in Passos, Minas Gerais State, and its association with socio-demographic factors. Study participants included 1,967 adolescents from public and private educational institutions. The AUDIT questionnaire was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were applied. The average age of participants was 15.84±1.23 years. The first contact with alcohol occurred at 13.37±1.92 years. Among the adolescents, 30.96% were teetotalers, 45.76% had moderate drinking behavior, 16.47%, were risk drinkers, 3.51% were high-risk drinkers, and 3.31% possible addicts. There was a significant association between the risk of drinking and sex, the relationship of adolescents with their mothers, work, economic bracket and education of the head of the family. In multivariate analysis, there was a higher risk for adolescent males, as well as workers with a poor relationship with their mothers. It was found that teenagers have early contact with alcohol and high prevalence of risk-related drinking behavior.