The present prospective work of scientific articles related to foods and natural products with anti-Covid activity in databases in order to present a scientific community, to governments and society as main foods, nutraceuticals and medicinal plants as strategies used by countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of articles on food, medicinal plants and biotechnology was carried out in databases of scientific articles such as: CAPES journals, PubMed, Elsevier's Science Direct, Willey on library library, Taylor & Francis Springer-Nature database, BMC, Hindawi, Scielo, ACS - American Chemical Society, Google Scholar, in addition to the Patent Database “The LENS” and “Questel-Orbit”. Foods used in daily life such as garlic, ginger, turmeric, sour orange, vegetables, lactobacilli demonstrate proven anti-virus action. Medicinal plants used by Traditional Chinese, Korean and Indian Medicine also demonstrate anti-Covid activity and used during the coronavirus outbreak. Some medicinal plants, green propolis extract, red propolis extract, royal gelly, polen, honey have also been cited as anti-covid, natural anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory products.

O presente trabalho prospectou artigos científicos relacionadas à alimentos e produtos naturais com atividade anti-Covid com o intuito de apresentar, à comunidade científica, aos governos e à sociedade, dados sobre as principais estratégias nutracêuticas, biotecnológicas e plantas medicinais utilizadas em alguns países durante o enfrentamento da pandemia COVID-19. A revisão de artigos sobre alimentos, plantas medicinais e produtos biotecnológicos foi realizada nas bases de dados periódicos da CAPES, PubMed, Science Direct, Willey on line library, Springer-Nature, Taylor & Francis, BMC, Hindawi, Scielo, ACS – American Chemical Society, Google acadêmico, “The LENS” e Questel-Orbit. Alimentos de uso frequente como alho, gengibre, cúrcuma, laranja azeda, vegetais e lactobacilos demonstraram ação anti-coronavirus comprovada. Foram descritos usos de plantas medicinais da Medicina tradicional Chinesa, Coreana, Indiana bastante utilizadas durante a pandemia. Algumas plantas medicinais e nutracêuticos como: extrato de própolis verde e extrato de própolis vermelha brasileiras, geleia real, pólen e mel também foram citados como produtos anti-covid, antiinflamatórios naturais e imunomodulatórios.

BACKGROUND Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic pathogenic fungi belonging to the Sporothrix genus. Pathogenic Sporothrix species typically produce melanin, which is known to be a virulence factor. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to perform phenotypic, genotypic, and virulence analyses of two distinct Sporothrix brasiliensis strains isolated from the same lesion on a patient from Rio de Janeiro. METHODS AND FINDINGS Genotypic analyses by partial sequencing of the calmodulin, β-tubulin, and chitin synthase genes, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-fingerprinting by T3B, M13, and GACA, showed that the isolates were very similar but not identical. Both isolates had similar phenotypic characteristics and effectively produced melanin in their yeast forms, accounting for their ability of causing disease in a murine sporotrichosis model. Remarkably, isolate B was albino in its environmental form but caused more severe disease than the pigmented A isolate. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the patient was infected by two genetically and biologically distinct S. brasiliensis that vary in their production of melanin in their environmental forms. The results underscore the importance of characterizing phenotypically different isolates found in the same clinical specimen or patient.

Procura-se apontar ambiguidades e lacunas da distinção entre patologia e normalidade nos âmbitos social e individual que remontam a fins do século XIX e ressurgem de outra maneira contemporaneamente. Nas últimas décadas do século XIX, muitos autores aderiram à teoria da criminalidade atávica defendida pela antropologia criminal italiana, liderada por Lombroso. A chamada escola francesa critica o determinismo biológico italiano, seguindo por outra via, deixando a cargo das ciências 'psi' o que considera a dimensão individual da criminalidade. Aproveitando esse espaço a psiquiatria cria o 'psicopata', herdeiro do 'criminoso nato' em vários aspectos e aceito contemporaneamente como categoria psicopatológica. Nesse contexto, o estudo tem como foco o controle social envolvendo a distinção entre patologia e normalidade nos planos social e individual.

This text highlights ambiguities and gaps in the distinction between pathology and normality in the social and individual ambits dating back to the late nineteenth century and reemerging in another guise in contemporary times. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, many authors adopted the theory of atavic criminality defended by Italian criminal anthropologists led by Lombroso. The French school criticized Italian biological determinism and left to the 'psi' sciences the aspects it deemed to be the individual dimension of criminality. Taking advantage of this space, psychiatry created the 'psychopath', inheritor in many ways of the 'innate criminal', and today accepted as a psychopathological category. In this context, the article focuses on social control involving the distinction between pathology and normality in the social and individual spheres.

O artigo apresenta o livro Esboço de Psiquiatria Forense (1904) de Francisco Franco da Rocha (1864-1933). A obra é uma das primeiras publicações psiquiátricas brasileiras dedicadas à psiquiatria forense e apresenta uma extensa classificação das moléstias mentais proposta pelo próprio autor, com base nas classificações de Teixeira Brandão, Shüle e Krafft-Ebing, e ilustrada com exemplos de sua experiência clínica no Hospício do Juqueri, dirigido por Franco da Rocha de 1898 a 1923. O autor tem como perspectiva teórica o organicismo difuso, próprio dos adeptos da teoria da degeneração, e defende a necessidade do psiquiatra zelar pela defesa da sociedade frente aos alienados perigosos, enquanto perito na esfera jurídica.

This article discusses the book entitled Esboço de Psiquiatria Forense [Outline of Forensic Psychiatry] (1904), by Francisco Franco da Rocha (1864-1933). This book was one of the earliest Brazilian psychiatric publications dedicated to forensic psychiatry, and presents an extensive classification of mental diseases as proposed by the author himself, based on the classifications of Teixeira Brandão, Schüle and Krafft-Ebing. The book was illustrated with examples from Franco da Rocha's personal clinical experience at the Juqueri Asylum, directed by him from 1898 to 1923 and which now bears his name. His theoretical perspective is a diffuse organicism proper to believers in the theory of degeneration. As an expert in legal matters, he posited the need for psychiatrists to care for the defense of society against dangerous mentally alienated persons.

El articulo presenta el libro Esbozo de Psiquiatría Forense (1904) de Francisco Franco da Rocha (1864-1933). La obra es una de las primeras publicaciones psiquiátricas brasileñas dedicadas a la psiquiatría forense y presenta una extensa clasificación de las molestias mentales propuesta por el propio autor, con base en las clasificaciones de Teixeira Brandão, Shüle e Krafft-Ebing, e ilustrada con ejemplos de su experiencia clínica en el hospicio do Juqueri, dirigido por Franco da Rocha de 1898 a 1923. El autor tiene como perspectiva teórica el organicismo difuso, propio de los adeptos de la teoría de la degeneración, y defiende la necesidad de que el psiquiatra cele por la defensa de la sociedad frente a los alienados peligrosos en tanto perito en la esfera jurídica.

Cet article présente le livre Esquisse de Psychiatrie Légale (1904) par Francisco Franco da Rocha (1864-1933). L'oeuvre est une des premières publications psychiatriques brésiliennes dédiées à la psychiatrie légale. Ce livre présente une longue classification des maladies mentales proposée par l'auteur, qui prend pour base les classifications de Teixeira Brandão, Schüle et Krafft-Ebing et les illustres avec de nombreux exemples provenant de son expérience clinique à l'Hospice de Juqueri, sous sa direction de 1898 à 1923. L'auteur adopte la perspective théorique de l'organicisme diffus, propre des partisans de la théorie de la dégénération, et défend la théorie selon laquelle le psychiatre devrait défendre la société des aliénés dangereux en tant qu'expert du domaine juridique.