ABSTRACT Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS) adopts a hierarchical approach to classify soils using specific diagnostic attributes. Organossolos (Histosols) class is differentiated according to its genesis, especially because the parent material is organic, thus requiring diagnostic attributes that describe the unique properties of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed to propose the use of labile organic carbon and the C and N contents of humic fractions and their ratios for the family and series levels of the Brazilian Soil Classification System for Organossolos in high mountainous regions. Quantitative chemical fractionation of SOM was performed to obtain the humic fractions and determine the labile oxidizable carbon in 16 Organossolos profiles from Itatiaia National Park, RJ. Carbon and nitrogen contents of the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin fractions were obtained, as well as the percentages of these fractions in relation to the total carbon and nitrogen in the soil. Carbon and nitrogen ratios were calculated for each fraction. Results showed little variation in the levels of labile organic carbon between the profiles but a large variation in total carbon and nitrogen levels, especially in the Organossolo Fólico Hêmico lítico profile. The ratios between the carbon and nitrogen of humic acids and fulvic acids (means of HAC/FAC = 1.61 and AHN/FACN = 1.05), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract and humin (means of AEC/HUMC = 0.71 and AEN/HUMN = 0.38), carbon and nitrogen of the alkaline extract, and total carbon and total nitrogen (means of AEC/TC = 0.28 and AEN/TN = 0.19) were effective in determining the humification level of the profiles. This study proposes that the attributes evaluated, especially the ratio between the carbon of the alkaline extract of the humic substances (carbon of the fulvic acid fraction + carbon of the humic acid fraction) and the total soil carbon, as well as the ratio between the C and N of the humin fraction, should be used to define lower categorical levels of Organossolos. This new approach could facilitate the classification of these soils and contribute to a better understanding of the composition of Organossolos in Brazil. SiBCS (SiBCS Histosols (Histosols genesis SOM. . (SOM) regions 1 Park RJ obtained profile means HACFAC HAC FAC 161 61 1.6 AHNFACN AHN FACN 1.05, 105 1.05 , 05 1.05) AECHUMC AEC HUMC 071 0 71 0.7 AENHUMN AEN HUMN 0.38, 038 0.38 38 0.38) AECTC TC 028 28 0.2 AENTN TN 0.19 019 19 evaluated Brazil (SOM 6 1. 10 1.0 07 7 0. 03 0.3 3 02 2 0.1 01

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by chromosomal instability and increased predisposition to malignancy. The diagnosis of FA requires clinical evaluation, confirmation of chromosomal fragility and/or analysis of genetic mutations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the clinical profile of patients with FA in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: We analyzed 100 individuals referred from the major hematology and bone marrow (BM) transplant centers in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between the years 2018 and 2022. The diagnosis of FA was performed using the mitomycin C chromosomal fragility test, clinical data and classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses. Results: We enrolled a total of 16 patients with FA to comprise this study. Most of these individuals (87.5%) came from the Agreste and Sertão regions of Pernambuco. We observed a slight female prevalence of FA (1.3:1). The primary clinical and laboratory findings were café au lait spots (62.5%) and bone abnormalities (53%, mainly thumb deformities [40%]). We performed BM cytogenetic analysis for eight patients – seven showed no chromosomal abnormalities and one presented the karyotype 47,XY,+21 [15]. Conclusions: Our results are important to promote public health measures for the early diagnosis of FA, as well as to foster the engagement of a multidisciplinary group in the treatment of this disease. Introduction (FA malignancy evaluation andor or mutations Therefore Pernambuco Brazil Method 10 (BM 201 2022 test analyses Results 1 87.5% 875 87 5 (87.5% 1.31. 131 1.3 . 3 (1.3:1) 62.5% 625 62 (62.5% 53%, 53 (53% 40%. 40 40% [40%]) 47XY21 XY 47 21 47,XY,+2 15. 15 [15] Conclusions 20 202 87.5 8 (87.5 31 1.31 13 1. (1.3:1 62.5 6 (62.5 53% (53 4 [40%] 47XY2 2 47,XY,+ [15 87. (87. (1.3: 62. (62. (5 [40% 47XY 47,XY, [1 (87 (1.3 (62 ( [40 47,XY [ (8 (1. (6 [4 (1

Metals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and dyes constitute contaminants widely detected in aquatic ecosystems. Adsorption is an important technology for addressing these noxious contaminants in water systems. Its widespread employment stems from its uncomplicated design, environmentally benign nature, heightened sensitivity to contaminants, and mechanical robustness. These inherent advantages render it a highly promising solution for such challenges. Within this framework, biochar embodies key physicochemical properties akin to activated carbon, the foremost adsorbent globally recognized for its efficacy in water contaminant removal. Moreover, biochar derives from the repurposing of biomass waste, thereby presenting an opportunity to enhance the value chain of numerous agricultural byproducts across Brazil. Therefore, this review article aims to present the most commonly studied lignocellulosic residues from Brazil as adsorbents, the methods used to convert them into biochar, the factors influencing the adsorption of contaminants on biochar, and their environmental applications. The main results related to lignocellulosic biomass were presented, including sugarcane, soybean, corn, rice, cotton, coffee, açaí, tucumã, coconut, Brazil nut, cupuaçu, nuts, murumuru, orange, cassava, banana, malt, macaúba, and guava. It was concluded that chemical activation is more common than physical activation, especially using ZnCl2. Finally, the materials have been employed for the removal of metals and a few organic contaminants, mainly dyes, from synthetic solutions. Metals pharmaceuticals products pesticides ecosystems systems design nature robustness challenges framework carbon Moreover waste Therefore adsorbents applications presented sugarcane soybean corn rice cotton coffee açaí tucumã coconut nut cupuaçu nuts murumuru orange cassava banana malt macaúba guava ZnCl2 ZnCl Finally solutions

This research explores the concentration of black carbon (BC) in particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from ten monitoring stations in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (MRRJ), Bonsucesso (BS), Botafogo (BOT), Copacabana (COP), Gavea (GAV), Gericino (GER), Lagoa (LAG), Recreio dos Bandeirantes (REC), Santa Cruz (SC), Castelo (CAS) and Urca (URC), covering a range of pollution sources (vehicular, industrial, and residential). PM samples were collected using filter units every week from January 2018 to December 2019. Results revealed high concentrations of PM10 in BS (86 ± 22 µg m3) and PM2.5 in REC (30 ± 11 µg m3). Likewise, both monitoring stations exceeded the international limits. In 2019, BC in PM10 decreased in the following order: BS > CAS > GER > BOT > SC > GAV. For 2018, BC in PM2.5 decreased as follows REC > LAG > SC, while 2019 REC > GAV > LAG > COP > URC. REC and BS have industrial and commercial activities and intense vehicular traffic. During the period of study, average BC concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 were 3.3 ± 1.5 and 1.9 ± 0.70 µg m3, respectively. These findings indicate that BC concentrations should be monitored and regulated in locations with high levels of traffic-related air pollution for offering new insights and guiding efforts to minimize emissions and enhance public health. (BC (PM1 PM25 PM2 5 MRRJ, MRRJ , (MRRJ) BS, (BS) BOT, (BOT) COP, (COP) GAV, (GAV) GER, (GER) LAG, (LAG) REC, (REC) (SC) (CAS URC, URC (URC) vehicular, (vehicular residential. residential . residential) 201 PM1 86 (8 2 m3 m PM2. 30 (3 1 m3. Likewise limits order traffic study 33 3 3. 15 1. 19 9 070 0 70 0.7 respectively trafficrelated related health (PM (MRRJ (BS (BOT (COP (GAV (GER (LAG (REC (SC (URC 20 8 ( 07 7 0.

The worldwide emergence of viral diseases such as Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile and Yellow Fever urge the search for solutions to eliminate their common vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This paper describes the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and docking studies of a series of nine 3-(3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propionic acids (AOPA), 1-9, previously published by our group. Additionally, three new 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, 10-12, have also been synthesized, characterized and studied. The QSAR and docking studies of all compounds, 1-12, clearly indicate that larger hydrophobic substituents such as biphenyl groups attached on position 3 in 1,2,4-oxadiazoles improve the larvicidal activity. It is worthwhile to mention that nanocapsulation of compounds 10-12 were necessary to help their dissolution in water and these three new 1,2,4-oxadiazoles also exhibited approximately equal or higher larvicidal activities compared to the former prototypes at stage L4. Zika Dengue Chikungunya vector mosquito structureactivity structure activity (QSAR 33aryl1,2,4oxadiazol5ylpropionic 33aryl124oxadiazol5ylpropionic aryloxadiazolylpropionic aryl 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl propionic 1 2 4 AOPA, AOPA , (AOPA) 19, 19 9, 9 1-9 group Additionally 1,2,4oxadiazoles, 124oxadiazoles oxadiazoles oxadiazoles, 1012, 1012 10 12, 12 synthesized studied 112, 112 1-12 1,2,4oxadiazoles 10-1 L4 L 33aryl1 4oxadiazol5ylpropionic ylpropionic 124 1,2, (AOPA 1- 4oxadiazoles 101 11 1-1 10- 33aryl oxadiazolylpropionic 1,2 1,

Resumo Toda atividade que atua envolvendo a exploração de recursos naturais, como a pesca, precisa ser organizada e conduzida com base nas informações dos programas de monitoramento para permitir uma avaliação contínua. Com o aumento da pressão pesqueira no Brasil, o entendimento da importância dos programas de monitoramento da pesca e como eles podem informar e auxiliar na tomada de decisões de conservação permanece limitado. Com base na literatura sobre pesca e conservação participativa, chamamos a atenção para a necessidade de gerar informações sobre o setor pesqueiro nacional para melhorar a pesca no país. Dado o contexto da necessidade de gerar informações sobre os estoques pesqueiros em exploração, bem como identificar potenciais alternativas de pesca e realizar diversas análises setoriais em conformidade com a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, é apresentada e discutida no presente trabalho a falta de um sistema de monitoramento contínuo da pesca no Brasil e seus efeitos na sustentabilidade da pesca no país. naturais contínua limitado participativa país 203 Sustentável 20 2

Abstract Every activity that involves exploitation of natural resources, such as fishing, needs to be organized and conducted based on information from monitoring programs to allow continuous evaluation. With the increasing fishing pressure in Brazil, the understanding of the importance of fisheries monitoring programs and how they can inform and assist in conservation decision-making remains limited. Based on the literature on fisheries and participatory conservation, we call attention to the need to generate information on the national fisheries sector in order to improve fisheries in the country. Given the context of the need to generate information on fishing stocks under exploitation, as well as to identify potential alternative fisheries and carry out various sectoral analyses in compliance with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, we present and discuss in the present paper the lack of a system of continuous fishing monitoring in Brazil and its effects on the fisheries sustainability in the country. resources evaluation decisionmaking decision making limited country 203 Development 20 2

El Indicador Económico Nacional (IEN) es un índice domiciliar que evalúa las condiciones socioeconómicas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar los métodos utilizados en la actualización del IEN con base en datos del Estudio Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019). Se incluyeron los siguientes ítems: nivel educativo de la madre/cuidador del niño; la cantidad de dormitorios y baños, televisores y autos en el hogar; la tenencia de radio, heladera o freezer, lavadora, horno de microondas, línea telefónica, computadoras, aire acondicionado, equipo multimedia, televisión por cable o satélite, titularidad y tipo de servicio de telefonía celular, red de datos celular e internet en el hogar. Se utilizó el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para estimar el IEN con y sin la incorporación de muestreo complejo. Así, la validación del IEN consideró indicadores proxy de nivel socioeconómico y condiciones de vida. El primer componente ACP explicó el 31% y el 71% de la variación con y sin la incorporación de muestreo complejo, respectivamente. Los coeficientes de variación del IEN fueron el 53,4% y el 2,6% con y sin incorporación de muestreo complejo, respectivamente. El puntaje medio del IEN fue menor en los hogares sin acceso a alcantarillado, en aquellos que recibieron beneficios del Programa Bolsa Família, en aquellos con algún grado de inseguridad alimentaria y en aquellos con niños con retraso en el crecimiento. La incorporación de los ítems del ENANI-2019 en el cálculo del IEN, con el fin de capturar los avances tecnológicos, dio como resultado un mejor ajuste del modelo. La incorporación de muestreo complejo incrementó el desempeño de la ACP y la precisión del IEN. El nuevo IEN tiene un desempeño adecuado para estimar el nivel socioeconómico de los hogares con niños menores de cinco años. (IEN socioeconómicas ENANI2019. ENANI2019 ENANI 2019 . (ENANI-2019) madrecuidador madre cuidador niño baños hogar radio freezer lavadora microondas telefónica computadoras acondicionado multimedia satélite (ACP Así vida 31 71 respectivamente 534 53 4 53,4 26 2 6 2,6 alcantarillado Família crecimiento ENANI-201 tecnológicos modelo años ENANI201 201 (ENANI-2019 3 7 5 53, 2, ENANI-20 ENANI20 20 (ENANI-201 ENANI-2 ENANI2 (ENANI-20 ENANI- (ENANI-2 (ENANI- (ENANI

O Indicador Econômico Nacional (IEN) é um índice domiciliar sintético que avalia condições socioeconômicas. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os métodos utilizados para atualização do IEN a partir de dados do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Foram incluídos os seguintes itens: escolaridade da mãe/cuidador da criança; o número de quartos e banheiros, aparelhos de TV e carros no domicílio; a presença de rádio, geladeira ou freezer, máquina de lavar, forno micro-ondas, linha telefônica, computadores, ar-condicionado, aparelhos multimídia, TV a cabo ou via satélite, propriedade e tipo de serviço de telefone celular, rede de dados de telefone celular e internet no domicílio. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) foi utilizada para estimar o IEN com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa. Assim, a validação do IEN considerou indicadores proxy de nível socioeconômico e condições de vida. O primeiro componente da ACP explicou 31% e 71% da variação com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de variação do IEN foram de 53,4% e 2,6% com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa, respectivamente. O escore médio do IEN foi menor em domicílios sem acesso a esgoto, naqueles que receberam benefícios do Programa Bolsa Família, naqueles com algum grau de insegurança alimentar e naqueles com crianças com déficit de crescimento. A adição de itens do ENANI-2019 ao cálculo do IEN, a fim de capturar os avanços tecnológicos, resultou em um melhor ajuste do modelo. A incorporação da amostragem complexa aumentou o desempenho da ACP e a precisão do IEN. O novo IEN tem um desempenho adequado na determinação do nível socioeconômico de domicílios com crianças menores de cinco anos. (IEN socioeconômicas ENANI2019. ENANI2019 ENANI 2019 . (ENANI-2019) mãecuidador mãe cuidador criança banheiros domicílio rádio freezer lavar microondas, microondas micro ondas, ondas micro-ondas telefônica computadores arcondicionado, arcondicionado ar condicionado, condicionado ar-condicionado multimídia satélite (ACP Assim vida 31 71 respectivamente 534 53 4 53,4 26 2 6 2,6 esgoto Família crescimento ENANI-201 tecnológicos modelo anos ENANI201 201 (ENANI-2019 3 7 5 53, 2, ENANI-20 ENANI20 20 (ENANI-201 ENANI-2 ENANI2 (ENANI-20 ENANI- (ENANI-2 (ENANI- (ENANI

The National Wealth Score (IEN) is a synthetic household index that assesses socioeconomic conditions. This study aims to present the methods used to update the IEN using data from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). The following items were included: the education level of the mother or caregiver of the child; the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, TV sets, and cars in the household; and the presence of a radio, refrigerator or freezer, washing machine, microwave oven, telephone line, computers, air conditioner, media player devices, cable or satellite TV, cell phone ownership and type of service, cell phone internet, and internet at the household. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to estimate the IEN with and without incorporating the complex sampling design (CSD). Thus, the IEN validation considered proxy indicators of socioeconomic status and living conditions. The first component of the PCA explained 31% and 71% of the variation with and without incorporating the CSD, respectively. The coefficients of variation of the IEN were 53.4% and 2.6% with and without incorporating the CSD, respectively. The mean IEN score was lower in households without access to a sewage system, those that received benefits from Brazilian Income Transfer Program, those with some degree of food insecurity, and those with stunted children. Adding ENANI-2019 items to the calculation of IEN to capture technological advances resulted in a better fit of the model. Incorporating the CSD increased PCA performance and the IEN precision. The new IEN has an adequate performance in determining the socioeconomic status of households with children aged under five years. (IEN conditions ENANI2019. ENANI2019 ENANI 2019 . (ENANI-2019) included child bathrooms sets radio freezer machine oven line computers conditioner devices service (PCA CSD. (CSD) Thus 31 71 respectively 534 53 4 53.4 26 2 6 2.6 system Program insecurity ENANI-201 model precision years ENANI201 201 (ENANI-2019 (CSD 3 7 5 53. 2. ENANI-20 ENANI20 20 (ENANI-201 ENANI-2 ENANI2 (ENANI-20 ENANI- (ENANI-2 (ENANI- (ENANI

Este estudio comparó la distribución de las puntuaciones Z de talla (ZTE) y el déficit de estatura por grupos de edad en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del Niño y de la Mujer (PNDS 2006) y la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019). Nuestra muestra final consistió en 4.408 y 14.553 niños < 59 meses de edad de PNDS 2006 y ENANI-2019, respectivamente. Los niños con puntuaciones HAZ < -2 según el patrón de crecimiento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se clasificaron como con déficit de talla para edad. Las prevalencias, los intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95 %), las medias y las desviaciones estándar se estimaron para Brasil y según la edad. La distribución de HAZ para cada edad (en meses) se estimó utilizando la función svysmooth del paquete R. Nuestros análisis tuvieron en cuenta el complejo diseño de muestra de los estudios. Las diferencias estadísticas se determinaron mediante el análisis de la superposición puntual de los IC95 %. Entre 2006 y 2019, la prevalencia del déficit de talla para edad en niños < 12 meses de edad aumentó del 4,7 % al 9%. Como se esperaba, las curvas suavizadas revelaron un HAZ promedio mayor para los niños < 24 meses de edad en 2006 que en 2019, sin una superposición del IC95 % entre los niños de 6-12 meses. Para los niños ≥ 24 meses de edad, observamos un HAZ promedio mayor en 2019. Aunque la prevalencia del déficit de talla para edad entre los niños < 59 meses de edad fue similar entre 2006 y 2019, observamos un aumento en el HAZ promedio entre los niños ≥ 24 meses de edad y una disminución en el HAZ promedio entre los niños < 24 meses de edad. Teniendo en cuenta el deterioro de las condiciones de vida y el impacto potencial de la pandemia de COVID-19, se espera una mayor prevalencia de déficit de talla para edad en Brasil en un futuro cercano. ZTE (ZTE ENANI2019. ENANI2019 ENANI 2019 . (ENANI-2019) 4408 4 408 4.40 14553 14 553 14.55 5 200 ENANI2019, ENANI-2019 respectivamente 2 - OMS (OMS prevalencias 95 IC (IC9 %, , %) R estudios IC9 1 47 7 4, 9 9% esperaba 612 6 6-1 COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 cercano ENANI201 201 (ENANI-2019 440 40 4.4 1455 55 14.5 20 ENANI-201 (IC 61 6- COVID1 COVID-1 ENANI20 (ENANI-201 44 4. 145 14. ENANI-20 COVID- ENANI2 (ENANI-20 ENANI-2 (ENANI-2 ENANI- (ENANI- (ENANI

Este estudo comparou a distribuição dos escores Z de estatura (ZAI) e déficit de estatura por faixas etárias nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS 2006) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Nossa amostra final foi composta por 4.408 e 14.553 crianças < 59 meses de idade da PNDS 2006 e ENANI-2019, respectivamente. Crianças com escores HAZ < -2 de acordo com o padrão de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) foram classificadas como tendo déficit de estatura. Prevalências, intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%), médias e desvios padrão foram estimados para o Brasil e de acordo com a idade. A distribuição dos HAZ em cada idade (em meses) foi estimada usando a função svysmooth do pacote R. Nossas análises consideraram o desenho amostral complexo dos estudos. Diferenças estatísticas foram determinadas pela análise da sobreposição pontual dos IC95%. Entre 2006 e 2019, a prevalência de déficit de estatura para crianças < 12 meses de idade aumentou de 4,7% para 9%. Como esperado, as curvas suavizadas revelaram um HAZ médio maior para crianças < 24 meses de idade em 2006 do que em 2019, sem sobreposição de IC95% entre crianças de 6-12 meses. Para crianças ≥ 24 meses de idade, observamos um HAZ médio maior em 2019. Embora a prevalência de déficit de estatura entre crianças < 59 meses de idade tenha sido semelhante entre 2006 e 2019, observamos um aumento no HAZ médio entre crianças ≥ 24 meses de idade e uma diminuição no HAZ médio entre crianças < 24 meses de idade. Considerando a deterioração das condições de vida e o potencial impacto da pandemia de COVID-19, espera-se uma maior prevalência de déficit de estatura no Brasil no futuro próximo. ZAI (ZAI ENANI2019. ENANI2019 ENANI 2019 . (ENANI-2019) 4408 4 408 4.40 14553 14 553 14.55 5 200 ENANI2019, ENANI-2019 respectivamente 2 - OMS (OMS Prevalências 95 IC95%, IC95 IC , (IC95%) R estudos 1 47 7 4,7 9 9% esperado 612 6 6-1 COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 esperase espera se próximo ENANI201 201 (ENANI-2019 440 40 4.4 1455 55 14.5 20 ENANI-201 IC9 (IC95% 4, 61 6- COVID1 COVID-1 ENANI20 (ENANI-201 44 4. 145 14. ENANI-20 (IC95 COVID- ENANI2 (ENANI-20 ENANI-2 (IC9 (ENANI-2 ENANI- (IC (ENANI- (ENANI

This study compared the distribution of stunting and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores among age groups in data from the Brazilian National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS 2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). The final sample comprised 4,408 and 14,553 children < 59 months of age in the PNDS 2006 and ENANI-2019, respectively. Children with HAZ scores < -2 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standard were classified as stunted. Prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), means, and standard deviations were estimated for Brazil and according to age. The distribution of HAZ scores at each age (in months) was estimated using the svysmooth function of the R survey package. Analyses considered the complex sampling design of the studies. Statistical differences were determined by analyzing the 95%CI of the overlap of point estimates. From 2006 to 2019, the prevalence of stunting for children < 12 months of age increased from 4.7% to 9%. As expected, the smoothed curves showed a higher mean HAZ score for children < 24 months of age in 2006 than in 2019 with no overlap of 95%CI among children aged 6-12 months. For children ≥ 24 months of age, we observed a higher mean HAZ score in 2019. Although the prevalence of stunting among children < 59 months of age was similar between 2006 and 2019, mean HAZ scores among children ≥ 24 months of age increased, whereas the mean HAZ score among children < 24 months of age decreased. Considering the deterioration in living conditions and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect a greater prevalence of stunting in Brazil in the near future. heightforage height (HAZ Zscores Z ENANI2019. ENANI2019 ENANI . (ENANI-2019) 4408 4 408 4,40 14553 14 553 14,55 5 200 ENANI2019, ENANI-2019 respectively 2 - WHO (WHO stunted Prevalence 95 95%CI, 95CI CI , (95%CI) means package studies estimates 1 47 7 4.7 9 9% expected 201 612 6 6-1 decreased COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic future ENANI201 (ENANI-2019 440 40 4,4 1455 55 14,5 20 ENANI-201 (95%CI 4. 61 6- COVID1 COVID- ENANI20 (ENANI-201 44 4, 145 14, ENANI-20 ENANI2 (ENANI-20 ENANI-2 (ENANI-2 ENANI- (ENANI- (ENANI

Resumen: Buscamos informar sobre la transición nutricional en niños brasileños menores de 5 años entre 2006 y 2019. Se analizaron microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del Niño y de la Mujer (PNDS 2006) y del Encuesta Nacional de Alimentación Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019). Se consideraron los siguientes indicadores: estado de micronutrientes (anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A), estado nuricional antropométrico (sobrepeso y baja estatura) y la práctica de la lactancia materna (lactancia materna exclusiva en niños < 6 meses y lactancia materna continua entre niños de 12-23 meses) como indicadores. Analizamos la diversidad dietética mínima (DDM), el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, carne o huevos, y el no consumo de frutas o verduras solo para ENANI-2019 en niños de 6-59 meses de edad. Se generaron equiplots en función de la región geográfica, la educación y raza/color de la piel de la madre. Entre 2006 y 2019, las prevalencias de anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A disminuyeron del 20,5% al 10,1% y del 17,2% al 6%, respectivamente. La prevalencia del déficit de estatura se mantuvo en el 7 % y la de sobrepeso aumentó del 6% al 10,1%. La prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva en niños < 6 aumentó del 38,6% al 45,8% y la de lactancia materna continua entre niños de 12-23 meses aumentó del 34,6% al 43,6%. En 2019, el 61,5% de los niños alcanzaron DDM, el 88,8% consumieron alimentos utraprocesados, el 83,1% consumieron carne o huevos y el 25,7% no consumieron frutas o verduras el día anterior a la encuesta. Observamos tendencias de disminución de las deficiencias de micronutrientes, un aumento de la lactancia materna y sobrepeso y reducciones en las disparidades regionales, de escolaridad y de raza/color de la piel de la madre para la mayoría de los indicadores. Resumen 200 2019 PNDS ENANI2019. ENANI2019 ENANI . (ENANI-2019) indicadores A, , A) 1223 12 23 12-2 DDM (DDM) ultraprocesados ENANI-201 659 59 6-5 edad geográfica razacolor raza color 205 20 20,5 101 10 1 10,1 172 17 2 17,2 respectivamente 386 38 38,6 458 45 8 45,8 346 34 34,6 436 43 43,6% 615 61 61,5 888 88 88,8 utraprocesados 831 83 83,1 257 25 25,7 encuesta regionales 201 ENANI201 (ENANI-2019 122 12- (DDM ENANI-20 65 6- 20, 10, 17, 3 38, 4 45, 34, 43,6 61, 88, 83, 25, ENANI20 (ENANI-201 ENANI-2 43, ENANI2 (ENANI-20 ENANI- (ENANI-2 (ENANI- (ENANI

Resumo: Buscamos reportar a transição nutricional em crianças brasileiras menores de 5 anos de idade entre 2006 e 2019. Foram analisados microdados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS 2006) e do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Foram considerados os seguintes indicadores: status de micronutrientes (anemia e deficiência de vitamina A), estado nutricional antropométrico (excesso de peso e baixa estatura) e a prática de aleitamento materno (aleitamento materno exclusivo entre crianças < 6 meses e aleitamento materno continuado entre crianças de 12-23 meses). Analisamos a diversidade alimentar mínima (DAM), o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, de carne ou ovos e o não consumo de frutas ou hortaliças apenas para o ENANI-2019 em crianças de 6-59 meses de idade. Equiplots foram gerados de acordo com a região geográfica, escolaridade e raça/cor da pele maternas. Entre 2006 e 2019, as prevalências de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A diminuíram de 20,5% para 10,1% e de 17,2% para 6%, respectivamente. A prevalência de déficit de estatura manteve-se em 7% e a de excesso de peso aumentou de 6% para 10,1%. A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo entre crianças < 6 meses aumentou de 38,6% para 45,8% e a de aleitamento materno continuado entre crianças de 12-23 meses aumentou de 34,6% para 43,6%. Em 2019, 61,5% das crianças atingiram a DAM, 88,8% consumiram alimentos ultraprocessados, 83,1% consumiram carne ou ovos e 25,7% não consumiram frutas ou hortaliças no dia anterior à pesquisa. Observamos tendências de diminuição das deficiências de micronutrientes, aumento do aleitamento materno e excesso de peso e reduções em disparidades regional, de escolaridade e de raça/cor da pele maternas para a maioria dos indicadores. Resumo 200 2019 PNDS ENANI2019. ENANI2019 ENANI . (ENANI-2019) indicadores A, , A) 1223 12 23 12-2 meses. meses) DAM (DAM) ultraprocessados ENANI-201 659 59 6-5 geográfica raçacor raça cor 205 20 20,5 101 10 1 10,1 172 17 2 17,2 respectivamente mantevese manteve se 7 386 38 38,6 458 45 8 45,8 346 34 34,6 436 43 43,6% 615 61 61,5 888 88 88,8 831 83 83,1 257 25 25,7 pesquisa regional 201 ENANI201 (ENANI-2019 122 12- (DAM ENANI-20 65 6- 20, 10, 17, 3 38, 4 45, 34, 43,6 61, 88, 83, 25, ENANI20 (ENANI-201 ENANI-2 43, ENANI2 (ENANI-20 ENANI- (ENANI-2 (ENANI- (ENANI

Abstract: This manuscript aims to report the nutrition transition in Brazilian children under 5 years old from 2006 to 2019. Microdata from the Brazilian National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS 2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) were analyzed. The indicators considered were: micronutrient status (anemia and vitamin A deficiency), anthropometric status (stunting and excessive weight), and breastfeeding practice (exclusive breastfeeding among children < 6 months and continued breastfeeding among children 12-23 months). We also analyzed minimum dietary diversity (MDD), consumption of ultra-processed foods, consumption of meat or eggs, and not consuming fruits or vegetables in children 6-59 months of age only for ENANI-2019. Equiplot charts were generated according to geographic region, maternal schooling level, and maternal race/skin color. From 2006 to 2019, the prevalence rates of anemia and vitamin A deficiency decreased from 20.5% to 10.1% and 17.2% to 6%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting remained at 7%, and excessive weight rates increased from 6% to 10.1%. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among children < 6 months increased from 38.6% to 45.8%, and of continued breastfeeding among children 12-23 months from 34.6% to 43.6%. In 2019, 61.5% of children achieved the MDD, 88.8% consumed ultra-processed foods, 83.1% consumed meat or egg, and 25.7% did not consume fruits or vegetables the day before the survey. Trends of decreased micronutrient deficiencies, increased breastfeeding, and excessive weight rates, as well as reductions in disparities related to geographic region, maternal schooling level, and maternal race/skin color, were observed for most of the indicators. Abstract 200 2019 PNDS ENANI2019 ENANI (ENANI-2019 deficiency, , deficiency) weight, weight) 1223 12 23 12-2 months. . months) MDD (MDD) ultraprocessed ultra processed foods eggs 659 59 6-5 ENANI2019. ENANI-2019 region level raceskin race skin color 205 20 20.5 101 10 1 10.1 172 17 2 17.2 respectively 7 7% 386 38 38.6 458 45 8 45.8% 346 34 34.6 436 43 43.6% 615 61 61.5 888 88 88.8 831 83 83.1 egg 257 25 25.7 survey deficiencies 201 ENANI201 (ENANI-201 122 12- (MDD 65 6- ENANI-201 20. 10. 17. 3 38. 4 45.8 34. 43.6 61. 88. 83. 25. ENANI20 (ENANI-20 ENANI-20 45. 43. ENANI2 (ENANI-2 ENANI-2 (ENANI- ENANI- (ENANI

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de diversidad alimentaria mínima (DDM) y consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en niños de 6-23 meses según variables sociodemográficas. Se construyeron tres indicadores de alimentación complementaria de 4.354 niños de el Estudio Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019) a partir de un cuestionario sobre el consumo de alimentos el día anterior a la entrevista: DDM, consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y DDM sin consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. Se calcularon la prevalencia y los IC95%, estratificados por macrorregión; raza/color de piel, situación educativa y laboral de la madre o cuidador; inscripción al Programa Bolsa Familia; seguridad alimentaria del hogar; saneamiento; e inscripción de niños en guarderías/escuelas. La prevalencia general de DDM fue del 63,4%, con prevalencias menores entre los niños que vivían en la Región Norte (54,8%), cuyas madres o cuidadores tenían entre 0-7 años de escolaridad (50.6%) y los que vivían en inseguridad alimentaria moderada o grave (52,6%). Los alimentos ultraprocesados fueron consumidos por el 80,5% de los niños, con mayor prevalencia en la Región Norte (84,5%). La prevalencia de DDM sin alimentos ultraprocesados fue del 8,4%, siendo menos prevalente entre niños de padres negros (3,6%) y con 8-10 años de escolaridad (3,6%). Los grupos de alimentos más consumidos del indicador DDM fueron los granos, raíces y tubérculos (90,2%), y los productos lácteos (81%) y los de alimentos ultraprocesados fueron las galletas (51,3%) y los cereales instantáneos (41,4%). La presencia ubicua de alimentos ultraprocesados en las dietas de los niños brasileños y la baja frecuencia diversidad dietética, especialmente entre las poblaciones más vulnerables, indican la necesidad de fortalecer políticas y programas para garantizar una nutrición infantil adecuada y saludable. Resumen (DDM 623 6 23 6-2 sociodemográficas 4354 4 354 4.35 ENANI2019 ENANI 2019 (ENANI-2019 entrevista IC95 IC IC95% macrorregión razacolor raza color piel cuidador Familia hogar saneamiento guarderíasescuelas guarderías escuelas guarderías/escuelas 634 63 63,4% 54,8%, 548 54,8% , 54 8 (54,8%) 07 0 7 0- 50.6% 506 50 (50.6% 52,6%. 526 52,6% . 52 (52,6%) 805 80 5 80,5 84,5%. 845 84,5% 84 (84,5%) 8,4% 3,6% 36 3 (3,6% 810 10 8-1 3,6%. granos 90,2%, 902 90,2% 90 2 (90,2%) 81% 81 (81% 51,3% 513 51 (51,3% 41,4%. 414 41,4% 41 (41,4%) dietética vulnerables saludable 62 6- 435 35 4.3 ENANI201 201 (ENANI-201 IC9 63,4 54,8 (54,8% 50.6 (50.6 52,6 (52,6% 80, 84,5 (84,5% 8,4 3,6 (3,6 1 8- 90,2 9 (90,2% (81 51,3 (51,3 41,4 (41,4% 43 4. ENANI20 20 (ENANI-20 63, 54, (54,8 50. (50. 52, (52,6 84, (84,5 8, 3, (3, 90, (90,2 (8 51, (51, 41, (41,4 ENANI2 (ENANI-2 (54, (50 (52, (84, (3 (90, ( (51 (41, (ENANI- (54 (5 (52 (84 (90 (41 (ENANI (9 (4

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência de diversidade alimentar mínima (DAM) e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças de 6-23 meses de acordo com variáveis sociodemográficas. Três indicadores de alimentação complementar de 4.354 crianças do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019) foram construídos com base em um questionário sobre o consumo alimentar do dia anterior à entrevista: DAM, consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e DAM sem consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Foram calculadas as prevalências e IC95%, estratificados por macrorregião; raça/cor da pele, escolaridade e situação profissional da mãe ou cuidador; inscrição no Programa Bolsa Família; segurança alimentar do domicílio; saneamento; e matrícula da criança em creche/escola. A prevalência geral de DAM foi de 63,4%, com menores prevalências entre crianças que residiam na Região Norte (54,8%), cujas maẽs ou cuidadores tinham de 0-7 anos de estudo (50,6%) e entre aquelas que viviam em situação de insegurança alimentar moderada ou grave (52,6%). Os alimentos ultraprocessados foram consumidos por 80,5% das crianças, com maior prevalência na Região Norte (84,5%). A prevalência de DAM sem alimentos ultraprocessados foi de 8,4%, sendo menos prevalente entre crianças cuja mãe ou cuidador era negro (3,6%) e entre aquelas cuja mãe ou cuidador tinha 8-10 anos de estudo (3,6%). Os grupos de alimentos do indicador DAM mais consumidos foram os cereais, raizes e tubérculos (90,2%), os derivados do leite (81%) e os dos alimentos ultraprocessados foram os biscoitos (51,3%) e os cereais instantâneos (41,4%). A onipresença de alimentos ultraprocessados na alimentação das crianças brasileiras e a baixa frequência de diversidade alimentar, especialmente entre as populações mais vulneráveis, indicam a necessidade de fortalecer políticas e programas para garantir uma nutrição infantil adequada e saudável. Resumo (DAM 623 6 23 6-2 sociodemográficas 4354 4 354 4.35 ENANI2019 ENANI 2019 (ENANI-2019 entrevista IC95 IC IC95% macrorregião raçacor raça cor pele Família domicílio saneamento crecheescola creche escola creche/escola 634 63 63,4% 54,8%, 548 54,8% , 54 8 (54,8%) 07 0 7 0- 50,6% 506 50 (50,6% 52,6%. 526 52,6% . 52 (52,6%) 805 80 5 80,5 84,5%. 845 84,5% 84 (84,5%) 8,4% 3,6% 36 3 (3,6% 810 10 8-1 3,6%. 90,2%, 902 90,2% 90 2 (90,2%) 81% 81 (81% 51,3% 513 51 (51,3% 41,4%. 414 41,4% 41 (41,4%) vulneráveis saudável 62 6- 435 35 4.3 ENANI201 201 (ENANI-201 IC9 63,4 54,8 (54,8% 50,6 (50,6 52,6 (52,6% 80, 84,5 (84,5% 8,4 3,6 (3,6 1 8- 90,2 9 (90,2% (81 51,3 (51,3 41,4 (41,4% 43 4. ENANI20 20 (ENANI-20 63, 54, (54,8 50, (50, 52, (52,6 84, (84,5 8, 3, (3, 90, (90,2 (8 51, (51, 41, (41,4 ENANI2 (ENANI-2 (54, (50 (52, (84, (3 (90, ( (51 (41, (ENANI- (54 (5 (52 (84 (90 (41 (ENANI (9 (4

Abstract: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and consumption of ultra-processed foods in children 6-23 months of age according to sociodemographic variables. Three indicators of complementary feeding of 4,354 children from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) were built based on a questionnaire about food consumption on the day before the interview: MDD, consumption of ultra-processed foods, and MDD without the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The prevalence and 95%CI were calculated, stratified by macroregion; race/skin color, education and work status of the mother or caregiver; enrollment in the Brazilian Income Transfer Program; household food security; sanitation; and child enrollment in daycare/school. The overall prevalence of MDD was 63.4%, with lower prevalences among children who lived in the North Region (54.8%), whose mothers or caregivers had 0-7 years of education (50.6%), and lived under moderate or severe food insecurity (52.6%). Ultra-processed foods were consumed by 80.5% of the children, with the highest prevalence in the North Region (84.5%). The prevalence of MDD without ultra-processed foods was 8.4% and less prevalent among children with black mothers or caregivers (3.6%) and among those whose mother or caregiver had 8-10 years of education (3.6%). The most frequently consumed food groups from the MDD indicator were grains, roots and tubers (90.2%), dairy products (81%) and those from ultra-processed food were sweet or salty cookies/crackers (51.3%) and instant flours (41.4%). The ubiquitous presence of ultra-processed foods in the diets of Brazilian children and the low frequency of diversified foods, especially among the most vulnerable populations, indicate the need to strengthen policies and programs to ensure adequate and healthy infant nutrition. Abstract (MDD ultraprocessed ultra processed 623 6 23 6-2 variables 4354 4 354 4,35 ENANI2019 ENANI 2019 (ENANI-2019 interview 95CI CI 95 calculated macroregion raceskin race skin color Program security sanitation daycareschool daycare school daycare/school 634 63 63.4% 54.8%, 548 54.8% , 54 8 (54.8%) 07 0 7 0- 50.6%, 506 50.6% 50 (50.6%) 52.6%. 526 52.6% . 52 (52.6%) Ultraprocessed Ultra 805 80 5 80.5 84.5%. 845 84.5% 84 (84.5%) 8.4 3.6% 36 3 (3.6% 810 10 8-1 3.6%. grains 90.2%, 902 90.2% 90 2 (90.2%) 81% 81 (81% cookiescrackers cookies crackers 51.3% 513 51 (51.3% 41.4%. 414 41.4% 41 (41.4%) populations nutrition 62 6- 435 35 4,3 ENANI201 201 (ENANI-201 9 63.4 54.8 (54.8% 50.6 (50.6% 52.6 (52.6% 80. 84.5 (84.5% 8. 3.6 (3.6 1 8- 90.2 (90.2% (81 51.3 (51.3 41.4 (41.4% 43 4, ENANI20 20 (ENANI-20 63. 54. (54.8 50. (50.6 52. (52.6 84. (84.5 3. (3. 90. (90.2 (8 51. (51. 41. (41.4 ENANI2 (ENANI-2 (54. (50. (52. (84. (3 (90. ( (51 (41. (ENANI- (54 (50 (52 (84 (90 (5 (41 (ENANI (9 (4

Abstract Despite the extent use of geochemical tracers to track warm air mass origin reaching the Antarctic continent, we present here evidences that microorganisms being transported by the atmosphere and deposited in fresh snow layers of Antarctic ice sheets do act as tracers of air mass advection from the Southern Patagonia region to Northern Antarctic Peninsula. We combined atmospheric circulation data with microorganism content in snow/firn samples collected in two sites of the Antarctic Peninsula (King George Island/Wanda glacier and Detroit Plateau) by using flow cytometer quantification. In addition, we cultivated, isolated and submitted samples to molecular sequencing to precise species classification. Viable gram-positive bacteria were found and recovered in different snow/firn layers samples, among dead and living cells, their number concentration was compared to northern wind component, stable isotopes of oxygen, d18O, and the concentration of crustal elements (Fe, Ti and Ca). Use of satellite images combined with air mass back-trajectory analysis obtained from the NOAA/ HYSPLIT model corroborated the results. continent snowfirn firn King IslandWanda Island Wanda Plateau quantification addition cultivated classification grampositive gram positive cells component oxygen d18O dO d O Fe, Fe (Fe Ca. Ca . Ca) backtrajectory back trajectory NOAA results

Abstract The sugary cassava cultivar BRS 438 has high roots yield (with expressive concentration of free sugars), adaptation to mechanized planting, and moderate resistance to bacterial diseases. These characteristics make it an option for production of sugars, alcohol, and animal feed (additive in forage grass silage), among other possibilities. 43 with sugars , sugars) planting diseases alcohol additive silage, silage silage) possibilities 4

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, uma doença chamada crosta negra tem causado danos à seringueira no Brasil, pois esta doença causa a rápida queda das folhas e como consequência a baixa produção de látex. Até a década de 1990, a crosta negra era associada aos fungos Phyllachora huberi e Rosenscheldiella heveae, mas em 2022, após análise de amostras coletadas nos estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo, diferentes espécies do fungo Cladosporium ssp. foram isoladas de folhas com crosta negra em folíolos de seringueira. Após análise morfológica e filogenética, com sequências parciais das regiões ITS-5.8S rDNA, α-elongase e actina, os isolados foram identificados como Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides, C. tenuissimum, C. cladosporioides, C. perangustum e C. xanthochromaticum. Testes de patogenicidade com estes isolados, em casa de vegetação, demonstraram o rápido aparecimento de sintomas como morte apical, danos aos caules, intensa desfolha e presença de crosta negra nos caules e folhas. Todos os isolados foram patogênicos, porém com agressividade variada. Este é o primeiro relato de Cladosporium ssp. causando crosta negra em seringueiras no Brasil. anos Brasil látex 1990 heveae 2022 Paulo ssp filogenética ITS5.8S ITS58S ITSS ITS 5.8S 5 8S S rDNA αelongase α elongase actina pseudocladosporioides C tenuissimum cladosporioides xanthochromaticum vegetação apical patogênicos variada 199 202 ITS5 58S 19 20 1 2

ABSTRACT In recent years, a disease called black crust has caused damage to rubber trees in Brazil, since it leads to rapid leaf fall and consequently low latex production. Until the 1990s, black crust was associated with the fungi Phyllachora huberi and Rosenscheldiella heveae, but in 2022, after analysis of samples collected in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, different species of the fungus Cladosporium ssp. were isolated from rubber tree leaves showing black crust in their leaflets. After morphological and phylogenetic analysis, using partial sequences of ITS-5.8S rDNA, α-elongase and actin regions, the isolates were identified as Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides, C. tenuissimum, C. cladosporioides, C. perangustum and C. xanthochromaticum. Pathogenicity tests with these isolates, in a greenhouse, demonstrated rapid appearance of symptoms such as apical death, damage to stems, intense defoliation and presence of black crust on stems and leaves. All isolates were pathogenic but had variable aggressiveness. This is the first report of Cladosporium causing black crust on rubber trees in Brazil. years Brazil production 1990s s heveae 2022 Paulo ssp leaflets ITS5.8S ITS58S ITSS ITS 5.8S 5 8S S rDNA αelongase α elongase regions pseudocladosporioides C tenuissimum cladosporioides xanthochromaticum greenhouse death aggressiveness 202 ITS5 58S 20 2

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the effects of replacement of an antibiotic (ANT, chlorohydroxyquinoline) in the diet of weaned piglets with a prebiotic composed of β-glucans, glucomannans, and mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological parameters, pH of digestive content, organ weights, intestinal epithelium morphology, and intestinal bacterial counts. A total of 120 piglets (weaned at 21 d old; 6.32±0.10 kg BW) were allocated in a randomized block design, with six pens replicates and four piglets per pen as experimental unit. Treatments consisted of diets with 0, 1,000, 2,000, or 3,000 mg kg−1 of prebiotic and a basal diet with 120 mg kg−1 ANT. No differences of treatments were observed on performance, DO, pH of digestive content, organ weights, and hematological parameters. Duodenal villus density (VD) increased linearly with the prebiotic levels. In the jejunum, the prebiotic level of 2,000 mg kg−1 resulted in a greater VD compared with the ANT. Enterobacteriaceae count in the ileum and total and lactic acid bacteria counts in the cecum responded quadratically to increasing prebiotic levels. The equations estimated the prebiotic levels of 2,125, 1,167, and 1,500 mg kg−1 to provide reduced counts of the respective bacteria (ileal enterobacteria: 6.47 log CFU g−1; total cecal bacteria: 6.70 log CFU g−1; and cecal lactic acid: 7.29 log CFU g−1). Salmonella spp. was not detected, whereas Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. gene copies were unaffected by the treatments. Prebiotic levels or ANT do not enhance performance or health of weanling pigs, but the effects observed on VD and microbiota profile might be an indication of the potential benefits of these products in commercial farming conditions. ANT, (ANT chlorohydroxyquinoline βglucans, βglucans β glucans, glucans β-glucans glucomannans mannanoligosaccharides mannan oligosaccharides DO , (DO) parameters content weights morphology 12 2 old 632010 6 32 0 10 6.32±0.1 BW design unit 1000 1 000 1,000 2000 3000 3 3,00 kg1 kg− (VD jejunum 2,00 2125 125 2,125 1167 167 1,167 1500 500 1,50 ileal enterobacteria 647 47 6.4 g−1 g1 g 670 70 6.7 729 7 29 7.2 g−1. . g−1) spp detected pigs conditions (DO 63201 6.32±0. 100 00 1,00 200 300 3,0 2,0 212 2,12 116 16 1,16 150 50 1,5 64 4 6. g− 67 72 7. 6320 6.32±0 1,0 20 30 3, 2, 2,1 11 1,1 15 5 1, 632 6.32± 63 6.32 6.3