Abstract Objective: To investigate the optimal timing of initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. Methods: KD patients were classified as the early group (day 1-4), conventional group (day 5-7), conventional group (day 8-10), and late group (after day 10). Differences among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square analysis. Predictors of IVIG resistance and the optimal cut-off value were determined by multiple logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in IVIG resistance among the 4 groups (p = 0.335). The sensitivity analysis also confirmed no difference in the IVIG resistance between those who started the initial IVIG ≤ day 7 of illness and those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness (p = 0.761). In addition, patients who received IVIG administration more than 7 days from the onset had a higher proportion of coronary artery abnormalities (p = 0.034) and longer length of hospitalization (p = 0.033) than those who started IVIG administration less than 7 days. The optimal cut-off value of initial IVIG administration time for predicting IVIG resistance was >7 days, with a sensitivity of 75.25% and specificity of 82.41%. Conclusions: IVIG therapy within 7 days of illness is found to be more effective for reducing the risk of coronary artery abnormalities than those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness. IVIG treatment within the 7 days of illness seems to be the optimal therapeutic window of IVIG. However, further prospective studies with long-term follow-up are required.

Abstract A Qingzhi compound-flavor Baijiu (QZCF Baijiu) was developed and the physiochemical factors and microbial community structure in Jiupei (fermented grains) during Baijiu fermentation were revealed. Physiochemical factors of ethanol, moisture and acidity significantly increased in the fermentation, while starch and reducing sugar decreased. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that Weissella, Pediococcus, Bacillus, Pantoea, Streptococcus, Sphingobacterium, Saccharomyces, Rhizopus, Issatchenkia and Wickerhamomyces were the dominant microorganisms in Jiupei. Moreover, correlation analysis between the physicochemical factors, the dominant microorganisms and the important flavor compounds in QZCF Baijiu production highlighted that the changes of physiochemical factors would lead to the corresponding changes of core microbiota and important flavor substances. Physiochemical factors of starch, reducing sugar and temperature could significantly affect the microbial community structure at the early stage of fermentation, while the influences of ethanol content and acidity became greater at the later stage, resulting in the differences of flavor compounds in Jiupei. Therefore, the growth and metabolism of microbial communities could be regulated by purposefully adjusting the physiochemical factors, thereby improving the flavor and quality of Baijiu. This work enriched the flavor types of Baijiu and provided a reference for the Baijiu-making industries to manage their production process.

Abstract Objective Since coronary artery lesions (CALs) are the most severe complication of Kawasaki disease (KD), clinically speaking, early prediction of CALs is crucial. The authors aimed to investigate the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting CALs in KD patients. Methods KD patients were divided into the CALs group and the non-CALs group. The clinical and laboratory parameters were collected and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of CALs. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the optimal cut-off value. Results 851 KD patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied, including 206 in the CALs group and 645 in the non-CALs group. Children in the CALs group had significantly higher CRP levels than the non-CALs group (p< 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that incomplete KD, male, lower hemoglobin, and higher CRP were independent risk factors for predicting CAL (all p< 0.05). The optimal cut-off value of initial serum CRP for predicting CALs was 105.5 mg/L, with a sensitivity of 47.57% and a specificity of 69.61%. In addition, KD patients with high CRP (≥105.5 mg/L) had a higher occurrence of CALs than those with low CRP (<105.5 mg/L) (33% vs 19%, p< 0.001). Conclusion The incidence of CALs was significantly higher in patients with high CRP. CRP is an independent risk factor for CALs formation and may be useful for predicting CALs in KD patients.

Abstract We aimed to establish a method for the rapid identification of three common Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Micrococcus luteus) associated with foodborne diseases. MALDI-TOF-MS was used to determine the effects of sample pretreatment, culture medium, and culture time on the identification results. Then, MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS was used to establish an optimized method and further explore the effects of culture time on secondary proteins. Among the three sample pretreatment methods, formic acid extraction outperformed direct transfer and extended direct transfer, resulting in more protein peaks and higher peak intensity in B. cereus culture samples. However, with different culture times (1–7 d), ion peaks of all bacterial proteins were relatively stable according to MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS data. The protein peaks of B. cereus (1430 m/z), L. monocytogenes (2100 m/z), and M. luteus (2140 m/z) were split into small ion peaks at 1162, 1465, and 1625 m/z, respectively. After 7 d of culture, the secondary spectra, peak intensities, and peak values of formic acid-treated samples were relatively stable, indicating that secondary protein peaks were less affected by culture time. It provides a new approach for the routine identification and market supervision of food safety in China.

Abstract Genetically modified soybean strains are trade monitoring object by China. Currently, the genetically modified soybean MON89788 has been approved in China to be imported as processing raw material. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method to quantitatively assess MON89788. This study used droplet digital PCR technology to quantitatively detect MON89788. The results showed that the genomic DNA concentration and its copy number of genetically modified soybeans showed a certain linear relationship. The formula was y = 2.5967x + 3.1437, where R2 = 0.999. When the same 4.5% genetically modified sample was contained, the results of the droplet digital PCR ratio and linear methods were 5.88% and 3.599%, respectively. Comparing the two results showed that the droplet digital PCR ratio method has a larger error than the linear relationship method. The novel droplet digital PCR linear relationship method established in this study has high sensitivity and specificity, and thus is a good prospect for quantitative research.

RESUMO Introdução: Lesões no esporte geralmente ocorrem durante o ensino e treinamento esportivo, o que diretamente afeta o desempenho da função do corpo humano e o desenvolvimento do desempenho no esporte. Objetivo: Estudar a viabilidade de melhorar o biorritmo em lesões por treino esportivo. Métodos: 120 jovens atletas que praticam atletismo em escolas de atletismo tradicionais na província de Liaoning são os objetos desta pesquisa. Os dados efetivos da hora e dos tipos de lesões por esporte, além da data de nascimento, mês e data dos atletas lesionados durante o treino entre 2005 e 2006 foram coletados. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que, na relação entre o ritmo três do corpo humano e a lesão do atleta no esporte, a probabilidade da lesão no salto triplo é menor; quanto ao ritmo biológico em um ou mais de um período ou período crítico, a probabilidade de dano é de 95%, o que demonstra que a maioria das lesões de atletas no esporte ocorre numa etapa de período baixo e crítico. Conclusões: O manejo do treinamento esportivo deve se adaptar ao ritmo biológico original do corpo humano e o plano de treinamento de ciclo mensal correspondente deve ser feito de acordo com mudanças que ocorrem nos ciclos físicos dos atletas para evitar lesões durante o treino. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sports injury often occurs in sports teaching and training, which directly affects the performance of the human body function and the improvement of sports performance. Objective: To study the feasibility of improving the biorhythm in sports training injury. Methods: 120 young athletes who are engaged in track and field training in traditional track and field sports schools in Liaoning Province are taken as the research objects. The effective data of the time and types of sports injuries, and the birth date, month and date of the injured athletes during training from 2005 to 2006 were collected. Results: Results show that in the relationship between human body three rhythm and the athlete's sports injury, the probability of sports injury in triple height is smaller; regarding the biological rhythm in one or more than one period or critical period, the damage probability is 95%, showing that most athletes sports injuries occur at a low and critical period stage. Conclusions: The arrangement of sports training must be adapted to the original biological rhythm of the human body, and the corresponding monthly cycle training plan should be made according to changes that occur in athletes’ physical cycles to avoid injury during training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: Lesiones en el deporte generalmente ocurren durante la enseñanza y entrenamiento deportivo, algo que directamente afecta el rendimiento de la función del cuerpo humano y el desarrollo del rendimiento en el deporte. Objetivo: Estudiar la viabilidad de mejorar el biorritmo en lesiones por entrenamiento deportivo. Métodos: Os objetos de esta investigación son 120 jóvenes atletas que practican atletismo en escuelas de atletismo tradicionales en la provincia de Liaoning. Se recogieron los datos efectivos de la hora y los tipos de lesiones por deporte, además de la fecha de nacimiento, mes y fecha de los atletas lesionados durante el entrenamiento entre 2005 y 2006. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que, en la relación entre el ritmo tres del cuerpo humano y la lesión del atleta en el deporte, la probabilidad de lesión en el salto triple es menor. Cuanto al ritmo biológico en uno o más de un periodo o periodo crítico, la probabilidad de daño es de 95%, lo que demuestra que la mayoría de las lesiones de atletas en el deporte ocurre en una etapa de periodo bajo y crítico. Conclusión: El manejo del entrenamiento deportivo debe adaptarse al ritmo biológico original del cuerpo humano y el plan de entrenamiento de ciclo mensual correspondiente debe hacerse de acuerdo a los cambios que ocurren en los ciclos físicos de los atletas para evitar lesiones durante el entrenamiento. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

SUMMARY: The morphological and histological structure of the brains of Bufo gargarizans and Cynops orientalis were observed by anatomy and light microscopy. The results show that the brains of Bufo gargarizans and Cynops orientalis are divided into 5 parts which include the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. The telencephalon consists of the olfactory bulb and the cerebral hemisphere. The olfactory bulb is developed that has two pairs of olfactory nerve. Bufo gargarizan has a symmetrical oval hemisphere optic lobes; Cynops orientalis only has a spherical optic lobe. The cerebellum is situated behind the optic lobe and closely connected with the myelencephalon. In this paper, the morphological and histological differences between the two species are discussed. The proportion of cerebral hemisphere is gradually increasing, which correlated with a progressive increase in the number of neuronal cell classes, and reflected in behavior complexity.

RESUMEN: La estructura morfológica e histológica de los cerebros de Bufo gargarizans y Cynops orientalis se observó mediante anatomía y microscopía óptica. Los resultados muestran que los cerebros de Bufo gargarizans y Cynops orientalis se dividen en 5 partes, que incluyen el telencéfalo, diencéfalo, mesencéfalo, cerebelo y mielencéfalo. El telencéfalo consiste en bulbo olfatorio y hemisferio cerebral. El bulbo olfatorio tiene dos pares de nervios olfatorios. Los lóbulos ópticos de Bufo gargarizans son ovalados y simétricos en ambos hemisferios cerebrales; Cynops orientalis tiene solo un lóbulo óptico esférico. El cerebelo está situado detrás del lóbulo óptico y está estrechamente conectado con el mielencéfalo. En este trabajo, se discuten las diferencias morfológicas e histológicas entre las dos especies. El tamaño del hemisferio cerebral aumenta gradualmente, lo que se correlaciona con un aumento progresivo de células neuronales en los núcleos, reflejándose en la complejidad del comportamiento.

OBJECTIVES: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) affect the elderly population, especially postmenopausal women. Percutaneous kyphoplasty is designed to treat painful vertebral compression fractures for which conservative therapy has been unsuccessful. High-viscosity cement can be injected by either a hydraulic pressure delivery system (HPDS) or a balloon tamp system (BTS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the safety and clinical outcomes of these two systems. METHODS: A random, multicenter, prospective study was performed. Clinical and radiological assessments were carried out, including assessments of general surgery information, visual analog scale, quality of life, cement leakage, and height and angle restoration. RESULTS: Using either the HPDS or BTS to inject high-viscosity cement effectively relieved pain and improved the patients’ quality of life immediately, and these effects lasted at least two years. The HPDS using high-viscosity cement reduced cost, surgery time, and radiation exposure and showed similar clinical results to those of the BTS. In addition, the leakage rate and the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures after the HPDS treatment were reduced compared with those after treatment using the classic vertebroplasty devices. However, the BTS had better height and angle restoration abilities. CONCLUSIONS: The percutaneous HPDS with high-viscosity cement has similar clinical outcomes to those of traditional procedures in the treatment of vertebral fractures in the elderly. The HPDS with high-viscosity cement is better than the BTS in the treatment of mild and moderate OVCFs and could be an alternative method for the treatment of severe OVCFs.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the specific molecular mechanisms and effects of curcumin derivative J147 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: We constructed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DPN rat models to detected mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) in vivo using Von Frey filaments. In vitro, we measured cell viability and apoptosis, adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) expression using MTT, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and western blot. Then, TRPA1 expression level and calcium reaction level were assessed in agonist AICAR treated RSC96cells. Results: The results showed that J147reduced MWT in vivo, increased the mRNA and protein level of AMPK, reduced TRPA1 expression and calcium reaction level in AITCR treated RSC96 cells, and had no obvious effect on cell viability and apoptosis. Besides, AMPK negative regulated TRPA1 expression in RSC96 cells. Conclusions: J147 could ameliorate DPN via negative regulation AMPK on TRPA1 in vivo and in vitro. A curcumin derivative J147might be a new therapeutic potential for the treatment of DPN.

Through decreasing the sample size, the regular faceted rectangular Al2Cu phase crystal was prepared under directional solidification. Effects of sample size on the microstructure morphologies and orientations of intermetallic Al2Cu phase crystal growth at 10 µm/s have been characterized and investigated. The transverse-section microstructure of primary Al2Cu phase crystal transited from L-shaped pattern to regular faceted rectangular pattern with a single preferred orientation at [001] direction with sample size decreasing. By using the serial sectioning technique, the three-dimensional (3D) microstructure of Al2Cu phase in 0.45 mm sample was observed as rectangular parallelepiped. Moreover, the faceted interfaces of Al2Cu phase crystal were determined as {110} planes. Based on growth characteristics of the Al2Cu phase crystal, a growth mode in different sizes samples under directional solidification was proposed. The experimental results show that a regular microstructure with preferred single orientation can be achieved in small-size sample during directional solidification.

Obesity and its consequent type 2 diabetes are significant threats to global health. Emerging evidence indicates that ginsenosides from ginseng (Panax ginseng) have anti-diabetic activity. We hypothesized that ginsenosides Rg1 could suppress dietary-induced obesity and improve obesity-related glucose metabolic disorders. Our results showed that ginsenoside Rg1 attenuated dietary-induced body weight gain and fat accumulation in white adipocyte tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, we found that ginsenosides Rg1 not only decreased fasting glucose concentration and the 2-h postprandial glucose concentration, but also improved insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in those mice. Ginsenoside Rg1 also activated the AMPK pathway in vitro and in vivo and increased plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. In conclusion, our observations suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 inhibited dietary-induced obesity and improved obesity-related insulin resistance and glucose intolerance by activation of the AMPK pathway.

The dorsal surface of the tongues of the Slow Loris and the Pygma Slow Loris were examined by employing scanning electron microscopy techniques. Three types of the papillae are present on their dorsal surface of the tongue: filiform, fungiform and vallate. The filiform papillae are located the apex and the body of the tongue, and we observed that each of them has a gustatory pore. The fungiform papillae, scattered singly among the filiform papillae, distribute mainly on the apex of the tongue. The vallate papillae are located along the diversing arms of the V-shaped boundary between the anterior and posterior regions of the tongue. In addition, no foliate papillae were observed. The morphological characteristics of the dorsal surface of the tongues in Slow Loris and Pygma Slow Loris are similar to each other.

La superficie dorsal de la lengua en lori perezoso y lori perezoso pigmeo fue examinada utilizando técnicas de microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se observaron tres tipos de papilas presentes en la superficie dorsal de la lengua: filiforme, fungiforme y valada. Las papilas filiformes se localizaban en el ápice y en el cuerpo de la lengua, y observamos que cada una tenía un poro gustativo. Las papilas fungiformes están distribuidas individualmente entre las papilas filiformes, principalmente en el ápice de la lengua. Entre las regiones anterior y posterior de la lengua se observan las papilas valadas a lo largo de las extensiones del margen en forma de 'V'. Además, no se observaron papilas foliadas. Las características morfológicas de la superficie dorsal de las lenguas en lori perezoso y lori perezoso pigmeo son similares entre sí.

Six abomasums of yaks (Bosgrunniens) were studied with gross dissection and histological methods. It was found that the mucosa of the yak abomasum was covered with simple columnar epithelium. There were lots of spiral folds (10) in the fundic glandular area. The developed membrane of lamina propria was occupied by high density glands. According to the morphological characteristics of the glands, the abomasum was divided into the cardiac, gastric and pyloric glands. Cardiac glands were curved tubular glands with the intumescent bottom and small glandular cavity. Fundic glands were simple tubular glands or branched tubular glands, where the chief, parietal and mucous neck cells can be observed clearly. Pyloric glands were curled tubular glands, the closer to the deep of the lamina propria, the more obvious the glands curl. Staining of glycoconjugate revealed that the mucosal epithelium of the cardiac gastric and pyloric glands and gastric pits epithelium mainly secreted neutral glycoconjugate, but other portions of cardiac and gastric glands secreted mixed and acid glycoconjugate respectively. By Gordon-Sweet's reticular fiber staining, it was found that the mucous neck cells possessed the characteristic of argyrophilic phenomenon. There was a large number of argyrophilic granules in the supranuclear cytoplasm in contrast with the chief cells. Furthermore, there were isolated lymphoid nodules and diffuse lymphoid tissue in the abomasum glands, especially in corpus abomasi. Grimelius silver staining showed that the argyrophil cells were located in the glandular epithelium and lamina propria of glands, which can also be observed in connective tissue. These endocrine cells dispersed individually in epithelial cells, occasionally in 35 cell groups. Therefore, the yaks were grazed throughout the year on diverse natural grassland and had evolved morphological characteristics of the abomasum enabling them to consume a wide variety of plant species, thereby better adapting them to harsh plateau environment.

Seis abomaso yak (Bosgrunniens) fueron estudiados con disección y métodos histológicos. Se encontró que la mucosa del abomaso yak estaba cubierta de epitelio columnar simple. Se observaron pliegues en espiral (10) en la zona glandular fúndica. La membrana desarrollada de la lámina propia contenía glándulas de alta densidad. De acuerdo con las características morfológicas de las glándulas, el abomaso se dividió en las glándulas cardíacas, gástricas y pilórica. Las glándulas cardíacas se curvan en glándulas tubulares con la parte inferior intumescente y una pequeña cavidad glandular. Las glándulas fúndicas eran glándulas tubulares simples o glándulas tubulares ramificadas, donde se pueden observar con claridad las células principales, parietales y mucosas del cuello. Las glándulas pilóricas fueron glándulas tubulares curvadas, cuanto más cercanas a la lámina propia, más evidente fue su forma ondulada. La tinción glucoconjugada reveló que el epitelio de la mucosa de las glándulas gástricas cardiacas, pilóricas y el epitelio de las fosas gástricas secretaron principalmente un glucoconjugado neutro, pero otras porciones cárdicas y de las glándulas gástricas secretaron un glucoconjugado mixto y ácido, respectivamente. A la tinción de fibras reticulares, se encontró que las células mucosas del cuello poseían características argirófilas. Se observó un gran número de gránulos en el citoplasma supranuclear en contraste con las células principales. Además, no fueron aislados los nódulos linfoides y presentaba tejido linfoide difuso en las glándulas de abomaso, especialmente en el cuerpo del abomaso. La tinción Gordon Sweet indicó que las células argirofílicas se localizaron en el epitelio y lámina propia glandular, lo que también se observó en el tejido conectivo. Estas células endocrinas se dispersan individualmente en las células epiteliales, de vez en cuando en grupos celulares de 3-5. De esta forma, los yak pastorean durante todo el año, en diversos pastizales naturales, y han evolucionado sus características morfológicas que les permiten consumir una amplia variedad de especies de plantas, con lo que se adaptan mejor a las condiciones inhóspitas.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). Materials and Methods We searched the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, Chinese Bio-medicine database, China Journal Full-text Database, VIP database, Wanfang database for randomized controlled trials (from inception to September 2012). Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological and evidence quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Table and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) respectively. Data analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1 and descriptive analysis was employed if necessary. Results Eight studies were selected (n=1879 participants). OnabotulinumtoxinA was more related to urinary tract infection (UTI) (200U: OR 1.72, CI: 1.18-2.52; 300U: OR 1.88, CI: 1.31-2.69) versus placebo. Also, OnabotulinumtoxinA was superior to placebo in improving maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) (200U: OR 138.80, CI: 112.45-165.15; 300U: OR 152.09, CI: 125.25-178.93) and decreasing maximum detrusor pressure (MDP) (200U: MD -29.61, CI: -36.52--22.69; 300U: MD-28.92, CI: -39.59--18.25). However, there were no statistical differences between 200U and 300U onabotulinumtoxinA in UTI (OR 0.84, CI: 0.58-1.22), MCC (OR-12.72, CI: -43.36-17.92) and MDP (MD 2.21, CI: -6.80-11.22). Conclusions OnabotulinumtoxinA may provide superior clinical and urodynamic benefit for populations with NDO. High-quality studies are required for evaluating the optimal dose, long-term application and when to perform repeated injections.