Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant macrodesign and surface hydrophilicity on osteoclast (OC) differentiation, activation, and survival in vitro. Titanium disks were produced with a sandblasted, dual acid-etched surface, with or without additional chemical modification for increasing hydrophilicity (SAE-HD and SAE, respectively) and different macrodesign comprising trapezoidal (HLX) or triangular threads (TMX). This study evaluated 7 groups in total, 4 of which were experimental: HLX/SAE-HD, HLX-SAE, TMX/SAE-HD, and TMX/SAE; and 3 control groups comprising OC differentiated on polystyrene plates (CCPC): a positive CCPC (+), a negative CCPC (–), and a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated assay positive control group, CCPC-LPS. Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were seeded on the disks, differentiated to OC (RAW-OC) by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) treatment and cultured for 5 days. Osteoclast differentiation and cell viability were respectively assessed by specific enzymatic Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) activity and MTT assays. Expression levels of various OC-related genes were measured at the mRNA level by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HLX/SAE-HD, TMX/SAE-HD, and HLX/SAE significantly suppressed OC differentiation when compared to CCPC (+). Cell viability was significantly increased in TMX/SAE and reduced in HLX/SAE-HD. In addition, the expression of Interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α was upregulated in TMX/SAE-HD compared to CCPC (+). Hydrophilic surfaces negatively modulate macrophage/osteoclast viability. Specifically, SAE-HD with double triangular threads increases the cellular pro-inflammatory status, while surface hydrophilicity and macrodesign do not seem to have a distinct impact on osteoclast differentiation, activation, or survival. (OC activation vitro sandblasted acidetched acid etched SAEHD SAE HD HLX (HLX TMX. TMX . (TMX) total experimental HLX/SAEHD, HLXSAEHD HD, HLX/SAE-HD HLXSAE, HLXSAE HLX-SAE TMX/SAEHD, TMXSAEHD TMXSAE (CCPC) +, + , (+) –, – (–) lipopolysaccharidestimulated lipopolysaccharide stimulated group CCPCLPS. CCPCLPS LPS. LPS CCPC-LPS RAW2647 RAW RAW264 RAW264. RAWOC (RAW-OC factorκB factor κB RANKL (RANKL days TartrateResistant Tartrate Resistant TRAP (TRAP assays OCrelated related qPCR. qPCR (qPCR) +. HLX/SAEHD. HD. addition IL6 IL 6 (IL)- TNFα TNF α TMX/SAEHD macrophageosteoclast Specifically proinflammatory pro inflammatory status (TMX HLX/SAEHD (CCPC (+ (– RAW26 (qPCR (IL) ( RAW2 (IL

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of ionizing radiation (30 Gy) on the osseointegration of implants in the rabbit tibia. Twenty rabbits received two dental Morse-tapered junction implants and one implant in each tibia. The animals were randomly divided into two groups (n=10), non-irradiated (NoIr) and irradiated (Ir), wherein the Ir group received a single dose of 30 Gy radiation 2 weeks after implant installation. Microtomographic analyses (BV/TV) and histomorphometric assessments (BIC and BABT) were performed 4 weeks after implant installation. One-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Student's t-test (α=0.05) were used for data analysis. The results showed that BV/TV did not differ significantly between the Ir and NoIr groups (P = 0.071). In the histomorphometric analysis, neither BIC nor BABT showed significant differences between the NoIr and Ir groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, ionizing radiation in dental implants does not appear to interfere with osseointegration when installed prior to irradiation. (3 tibia Morsetapered Morse tapered n=10, n10 n n=10 , 10 (n=10) nonirradiated non (NoIr Ir, (Ir) 3 installation BVTV BV TV (BV/TV Oneway One way ANOVA Tukeys Tukey s test Students Student ttest t α=0.05 α005 α 0 05 (α=0.05 analysis P 0.071. 0071 0.071 . 071 0.071) p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 (p>0.05) conclusion irradiation ( n1 n=1 1 (n=10 (Ir α=0.0 α00 (α=0.0 007 0.07 07 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 n= (n=1 α=0. α0 (α=0. 00 0.0 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 (n= α=0 (α=0 0. p>0 (p>0. (n α= (α= p> (p>0 (α (p> (p

Resumo Macroglossia é o aumento de volume anormal da língua, que entre outras causas pode ser decorrente do incremento do crescimento, resultando em um tamanho maior do que a cavidade bucal permite para equilíbrio funcional. Essa alteração pode estar associada a deformidades dento-musculoesqueléticas e instabilidade de tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico, bem como favorecer o aparecimento de distúrbios da mastigação, da fala e da respiração. A redução cirúrgica da língua é um procedimento cirúrgico incomum, sendo indicada para a correção funcional ou estética. O presente trabalho apresenta um caso clínico de uma paciente com macroglossia relativa e deformidade dentofacial com má oclusão Classe III de Angle e diagnosticada com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Foi realizada cirurgia ortognática para correção da deformidade dentofacial por meio de avanço e expansão maxilar, mentoplastia de avanço pela técnica de osteotomia horizontal basilar do mento, além de glossectomia parcial pela técnica de Egyedi-Obwegeser, num único tempo cirúrgico. As técnicas utilizadas neste caso apresentaram-se satisfatórias para correção das alterações, devolvendo a função e a estética.

Abstract Macroglossia is the abnormally large tongue volume, which, among other causes, may result from increased growth, leading to a size bigger than the oral cavity allows for functional balance. This alteration may be associated with dento-musculoskeletal deformities and instability of orthodontic-surgical treatment, besides favoring the appearance of chewing, speech, and breathing disorders. Surgical tongue reduction is an uncommon procedure indicated for functional or aesthetic correction. This case report involves a patient with relative macroglossia and dentofacial deformity with Angle Class III malocclusion who was also diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In a single surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery was performed to correct dentofacial deformity using maxillary advancement and expansion, along with advancement genioplasty with basilar horizontal osteotomy and partial glossectomy using the Egyedi-Obwegeser technique. The techniques used were satisfactory for correcting the alterations and restoring function and aesthetics.

RESUMO O risco de fratura ou tensao nos mini-parafusos é maior se o diámetro, comprimento, tipo de liga ou ángulo de insergao for selecionado de forma inadequada. Os objetivos deste estudo foram testar a resistencia estrutural de dois tipos de mini-aparafusos ortodónticos -um feito de ago inoxidável e outro de titànio- de uma marca internacional e avaliar a eficácia de dois outros mini-parafusos de titànio de origem brasileira, durante um procedimento de ancoragem extra-alveolar. Os mini-aparafusos analisados foram: Bomei ago inoxidável e Bomei titànio / Taiwan, Morelli titànio e Neodent titànio / Brasil. Foram realizadas experiencias em mandíbulas de porcos para simular o processo de ancoragem extra-alveolar. Foram utilizados dois processos de insergao (Direta a 30°, e Indireta, comegando a 60° e terminando a 30° com movimento gradual continuo). A deformagao foi avaliada utilizando Microscopia Optica e Microscopia Eletrónica de Varredura. Os dados foram avaliados utilizando análise estatistica nao paramétrica Kruskal-Wallis e testepost-hoc Tamhane. Diferengas estatisticas significativas na deformagao foram observadas entre os mini-parafusos utilizados nas insergoes extra-alveolares, tanto para os procedimentos diretos como indiretos. Nos testes de insergao indireta, tanto os mini-parafusos de ago inoxidável como os de titánio sofreram deformagao, mostrando que a angulagao pode ser um fator importante nas taxas de falha dos mini-parafusos. A mudanga no ángulo durante o movimento de insergao aumentou as taxas de deformagao independentemente do tipo de liga, aumentando o risco de falha. Estes resultados podem ajudar os ortodontistas na escolha de mini-parafusos para ancoragem extra-alveolar, que pode ser realizada com insergao direta ou indireta. Estudos in vivo devem ser conduzidos para confirmar os resultados deste estudo.

ABSTRACT The risk of fracture or strain in mini-screws is higher if diameter, length, type of alloy or insertion angle is selected inappropriately. The aims of this study were to test the structural resistance of two types of orthodontic mini-screws -one made of stainless steel and another of titanium- from an international brand and to evaluate the efficacy of two other titanium miniscrews of Brazilian origin, during an extra-alveolar anchorage procedure. The mini-screws analyzed were: Bomei stainless steel and Bomei titanium/Taiwan, Morelli titanium and Neodent titanium/ Brazil. Experiments were conducted on pig mandibles to simulate the process of extra-alveolar anchorage. Two insertion processes were used: Direct at 30°, and Indirect, starting at 60° and ending at 30° with gradual continuous movement. Strain was evaluated using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical analysis and post hoc Tamhane test. Significant statistical differences in strain were observed among the mini-screws used in the extra-alveolar insertions, both for the direct and indirect procedures. In the indirect insertion tests, both stainless steel and titanium mini-screws suffered deformation, showing that angling can be an important factor in mini-screw failure rates. The change in angle during the insertion movement increased deformation rates independently of alloy type, increasing the risk offailure. These results could help orthodontists in choosing mini-screws for extra-alveolar anchorage, which can be performed with direct or indirect insertion. In vivo studies should be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.

Abstract Objective: This study analyzed the effect of ionizing radiation on bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in the bone tissue surrounding a dental implant. Methodology: Twenty rabbits received three dental morse taper junction implants: one in the left tibia and two in the right tibia. The animals were randomized into two groups: the nonirradiated group (control group) and the irradiated group, which received 30 Gy in a single dose 2 weeks after the implant procedure. Four weeks after the implant procedure, the animals were sacrificed, and the implant/bone specimens were used for each experiment. The specimens (n=10) of the right tibia were examined by microcomputed tomography to measure the cortical volume (CtV, mm3), cortical thickness (CtTh, mm) and porosity (CtPo, %). The other specimens (n=10) were examined by dynamic indentation to measure the elastic modulus (E, GPa) and Vickers hardness (VHN, N/mm2) in the bone. The specimens of the left tibia (n=10) were subjected to pull-out tests to calculate the failure load (N), displacement (mm) up to the failure point and interface stiffness (N/mm). In the irradiated group, two measurements were performed: close, at 1 mm surrounding the implant surface, and distant, at 2.5 mm from the external limit of the first measurement. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test and Student’s t-test (α=0.05). Results: The irradiated bone closer to the implant surface had lower elastic modulus (E), Vickers hardness (VHN), Ct.Th, and Ct.V values and a higher Ct.Po value than the bone distant to the implant (P<0.04). The irradiated bone that was distant from the implant surface had lower E, VHN, and Ct.Th values and a higher Ct.Po value than the nonirradiated bone (P<0.04). The nonirradiated bone had higher failure loads, displacements and stiffness values than the irradiated bone (P<0.02). Conclusion: Ionizing radiation in dental implants resulted in negative effects on the microarchitecture and biomechanical properties of bone tissue, mainly near the surface of the implant.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade e osseointegração de implantes com superfícies com diferentes molhabilidades empregando análise de frequência de ressonância (RFA) e histomorfometria (contato implante ósseo, BIC, e fração de área óssea ocupada, BAFO), nos períodos de 2 e 4 semanas em tíbias de coelhos. Trinta e dois implantes cone Morse (comprimento 7mm, diâmetro 3,5 mm), foram divididos de acordo com tratamento de superfície (n = 8): Neo, superfície jateada e condicionada com ácido; e Aq, superfície jateada e condicionada com ácido e mantida em solução isotônica de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%. Dezesseis coelhos tipo Nova Zelândia foram utilizados neste estudo. Dois implantes de cada grupo foram instalados nas tíbias direita e esquerda de acordo com os períodos experimentais. Os valores de RFA (Ostell(r)) foram obtidos imediatamente e após o sacrifício (2 e 4 semanas). Os blocos ósseos/implante foram processados para análise histomorfométrica. Os dados foram analisados usando ANOVA fatorial seguido pelo teste de Tukey e também por meio de correlação de Pearson para os fatores RFA, BIC e BAFO (P=0,05). Nenhum efeito significativo dos fatores tipo de implante, período de avaliação e da interação entre o tipo de implante e período de avaliação foram observados para os valores de BIC e BAFO. Apenas o período de avaliação resultou em efeito significativo para valores RFA após 2 semanas (p=0,001), e 4 semanas (p<0,001). Os valores de RFA valores foram significativamente mais elevados no final do período de avaliação em comparação com os obtidos em inicialmente. Houve correlação significativa entre os valores BIC e BAFO (p=0,009). Ambas as superfícies de implantes, Aq e Neo, são capazes de produzir adequada integração osso/implante em condição normal de instrumentação do osso cortical.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and osseointegration of implant with different wettability using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and histomorphometric analysis (bone implant contact, BIC; and bone area fraction occupied, BAFO) after 2 and 4 weeks in rabbit tibiae. Thirty-two Morse taper implants (length 7 mm, diameter 3.5 mm) were divided according to surface characteristics (n=8): Neo, sandblasted and dual acid-etched; and Aq, sandblasted followed by dual acid-etched and maintained in an isotonic solution of 0.9% sodium chloride. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were used. Two implants of each group were installed in the right and left tibiae according to the experimental periods. The RFA (Ostell(r)) was obtained immediately and after the sacrifice (2 and 4 weeks). The bone/implant blocks were processed for histomorphometric analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation for ISQ, BIC and BAFO parameters (p=0.05). No significant effect of implant, period of evaluation or interaction between implant and period of evaluation was found for BIC and BAFO values (p>0.05). Only period of evaluation had significant effect for RFA values at 4 weeks (p=0.001), and at 2 weeks (p<0.001). RFA values were significantly higher at the final period of evaluation compared with those obtained at early periods. There was a significant correlation between BIC values and BAFO values (p=0.009). Both implant surfaces, Aq and Neo, were able to produce similar implant bone integration when normal cortical bone instrumentation was performed.

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar o desempenho biológico de ligas de titânio grau IV submetidos a diferentes tratamentos de superfície – jateamento e duplo ataque ácido (Superfície experimental 1; Exp1, NEODENT) e superfície com aumento na molhabilidade (Superfície experimental 2; Exp2, NEODENT) em resposta preliminar de diferenciação e maturação celular.Material e métodoForam plaqueados osteoblastos imortalizados sobre discos de titânio de Exp1 e Exp2 e como controle o poço da placa de cultura sem disco (C). Empregou-se ensaios de viabilidade celular (MTT) em 4 e 24 horas (n = 5), adesão celular em 4 horas (n = 5), dosagem de proteínas totais e fosfatase alcalina normalizada em 4, 7 e 14 dias (n = 5). Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA em fator único seguido de teste de Tukey.ResultadoOs valores de viabilidade celular foram: 4h: C– 0,32±0,01A; Exp1 – 0,34±0,08A; Exp2– 0,29±0,03A. 24h: C– 0,43±0,02A; Exp1– 0,39±0,01A; Exp2– 0,37±0,03A. A contagem de adesão celular foi: C– 85±10A; Exp1– 35±5B; Exp2– 20±2B. Os valores de proteínas totais foram: 4d: C– 40±2B; Exp1– 120±10A; Exp2– 130±20A. 7d: C– 38±2B; Exp1– 75±4A; Exp2– 70±6A. 14 d: C– 100±3A; Exp1– 130±5A; Exp2– 137±9A. Os valores de fosfatase alcalina normalizada foram: 4d: C– 2,0±0,1C; Exp1– 5,1±0,8B; Exp2– 9,8±2,0A, 7d: C– 1,0±0,01C; Exp1– 5,3±0,5A; Exp2– 3,0±0,3B, 14 d: C– 4,1±0,3A; Exp1– 4,4±0,8A; Exp2– 2,2±0,2B. Letras diferentes representam diferenças estatísticas.ConclusãoAs superfícies testadas apresentaram comportamento diferenciado na dosagem de fosfatase alcalina normalizada traduzindo que Exp2 está relacionado com processo de indução de diferenciação celular e Exp1 relacionado com processo de mineralização.

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.Material and methodImmortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.ResultThe values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01A; Exp1– 0.34±0.08A; Exp2– 0.29±0.03A. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02A; Exp1– 0.39±0.01A; Exp2– 0.37±0.03A. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10A; Exp1- 35±5B; Exp2– 20±2B. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2B; Exp1– 120±10A; Exp2– 130±20A. 7d: C– 38±2B; Exp1– 75±4A; Exp2– 70±6A. 14 d: C– 100±3A; Exp1– 130±5A; Exp2– 137±9A. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1C; Exp1– 5.1±0.8B; Exp2– 9.8±2.0A. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01C; Exp1– 5.3±0.5A; Exp2– 3.0±0.3B. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3A; Exp1– 4.4±0.8A; Exp2– 2.2±0.2B. Different letters related to statistical differences.ConclusionThe surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.

O desempenho clínico de implantes dentais é fortemente definido por princípios biomecânicos. Este trabalho objetivou quantificar a Dureza Vickers (VHN) e módulo de elasticidade (E) do osso periimplantar e discutir parâmetros metodológicos de ensaio dinâmico de indentação. Foram utilizados 10 implantes de corpo cilíndrico com interface cone morse, (Titamax CM; Neodent, Curitiba, PR, Brasil), diâmetro de 3.5 mm e altura de 7 mm inseridos em tíbia de coelho recém obtidas após abate dos animais. As propriedades mecânicas foram analisadas usando penetrador dinâmico de microdureza Vickers (CSM Micro-Hardness Tester; CSM Instruments, Peseux, Switzerland) com carga de 200 mN e tempo de penetração de 15s. Foram feitas 7 indentações no osso cortical na base da rosca (Br) e na ponta da rosca (Pr) na direção perpendicular ao implante, com distância entre elas de 0,08 mm perpendicular a interface osso implante em direção a superfície esterna. Os dados foram analisados por meio de teste t-Student (P<0,05). O valores médios e desvio padrão de E (GPa) foram: Br. 16,6 ± 1,7A; Pr. 17,0 ± 2,5A e VHN (N/mm2): Br. 125,6 ± 40,8A; Pr. 120,1 ± 43,7A. Não houve diferença significativa entre as propriedades mecânicas avaliadas no osso na base e na ponta da rosca do implante, demonstrando que a caracterização desta estrutura de forma homogênea em análises computacionais é pertinente. O método de indentação dinâmica mostrou ser altamente útil na caracterização individualizada do tecido ósseo periimplantar.

The clinical performance of dental implants is strongly defined by biomechanical principles. The aim of this study was to quantify the Vicker's hardness (VHN) and elastic modulus (E) surround bone to dental implant in different regions, and to discuss the parameters of dynamic microindantion test. Ten cylindrical implants with morse taper interface (Titamax CM, Neodent; 3.5 mm diameter and 7 mm a height) were inserted in rabbit tibia. The mechanical properties were analyzed using microhardness dynamic indenter with 200 mN load and 15 s penetration time. Seven continuous indentations were made distancing 0.08 mm between each other perpendicularly to the implant-bone interface towards the external surface, at the limit of low (Lp) and high implant profile (Hp). Data were analyzed by Student's t-test (a=0.05) to compare the E and VHN values obtained on both regions. Mean and standard deviation of E (GPa) were: Lp. 16.6 ± 1.7, Hp. 17.0 ± 2.5 and VHN (N/mm2): Lp. 12.6 ± 40.8, Hp. 120.1 ± 43.7. No statistical difference was found between bone mechanical properties of high and low profile of the surround bone to implant, demonstrating that the bone characterization homogeneously is pertinent. Dynamic microindantion method proved to be highly useful in the characterization of the individual peri-implant bone tissue.

Introdução: Implantes dentários têm sido rotineiramente utilizados como excelente alternativa para a reabilitação oral. Pacientes com doenças ósseas displásicas representam um desafio especial para a reabilitação oral com implantes dentários. No entanto, a instalação de implantes em pacientes com displasia cemento-óssea (DCO) tem sido relatada com aparente sucesso.Objetivo: Neste artigo, apresentamos um caso de um paciente com DCO florida em que um implante dentário fora instalado em paciente com lesões da variante florida da displasia cemento-óssea, seguido de insucesso seis meses após a cirurgia. Diante dos achados clínicopatológicos, foi realizada uma análise da pertinência da indicação da instalação do implante dentário em área acometida pela lesão, considerando a natureza displásica da doença, sua patogenia e comportamento biológico.Conclusão: O presente caso é ilustrativo em caracterizar a impertinência da indicação dos procedimentos de implantes dentários em pacientes portadores da DCO, considerando imperativo fornecer informações ao paciente a propósito dos riscos em manipular tecido ósseo portador destas lesões.

Introduction: Osseointegrated dental implants have been routinely used in oral rehabilitation. Patients with dysplastic bone diseases represent a particular challenge for oral rehabilitation with dental implants. Nevertheless, the installation of implants in patients with cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) has been reported with apparent success.Objective: In this paper, we present a case of a patient with COD in which a dental implant had been installed and lost six months later. In this regard, we analyzed pertinent aspects of the indications for dental implants in patients with COD considering the pathogenesis, dysplastic nature, and behavior of the disease.Conclusion:The present case report illustrates that COD can be considered a limiting factor in the recommendation for a dental implant. Because of this, it is imperative to inform the patient about the risks of surgically manipulating the diseased bone.

Devido ao papel crítico dos monócitos / macrófagos (Mϕ) na cicatrização óssea, este estudo avaliou os efeitos de superficies de titânio (Ti) bio-anodizada, ataque ácido e usinada sobre o comportamento Mϕ. As células foram separadas a partir de sangue humano de 10 pacientes, plaqueadas em Ti ou superfícies de poliestireno (controle), e cultivadas durante 72 h. Às 24, 48 e 72 h, a viabilidade celular e IL1β, IL10, TNFα, TGFβ1 e liberação de óxido nítrico foram analisados por ensaio colorimétrico mitocondrial (MTT) e ensaios imunoenzimáticos, respectivamente. PCR em tempo real foi utilizado para verificar a expressão de TNFα e IL-10 às 72 h. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de Kruskal-Wallis. IL1β autorização, TNFα e TGFβ1, não foram significativamente diferentes entre as superfícies de Ti (p>0,05). A presença de NO e de IL-10 não foi detectada nas amostras. A viabilidade celular não diferiu entre as amostras cultivadas em Ti e aquelas cultivadas em superfícies de controle, exceto às 24 h (p=0,0033). No que diz respeito aos mediadores avaliados, as características da superfície, não induziu resposta típica de citocinas Th1 ou Th2, embora a morfologia da célula e a topografia foram influenciadas pela superfície de Ti, durante o período inicial.

Due to the critical role of monocytes/macrophages (Mϕ) in bone healing, this study evaluated the effects of bio-anodized, acid-etched, and machined titanium surfaces (Ti) on Mϕ behavior. Cells were separated from whole human blood from 10 patients, plated on Ti or polystyrene (control) surfaces, and cultured for 72 h. At 24, 48 and 72 h, cell viability, levels of IL1β, IL10, TNFα, TGFβ1 inflammatory mediators, and nitric oxide (NO) release were analyzed by mitochondrial colorimetric assay (MTT assay) and immunoenzymatic assays, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to verify the expression of TNFα and IL10 at 72 h. The data were subjected to a Kruskal-Wallis analysis. IL1β, TNFα and TGFβ1 release were not significantly different between the Ti surfaces (p>0.05). The presence of NO and IL10 was not detected in the samples. Cell viability did not differ between the samples cultivated on Ti and those cultivated on control surfaces, except at 24 h (p=0.0033). With respect to the mediators evaluated, the surface characteristics did not induce a typical Th1 or Th2 cytokine profile, although the cell morphology and topography were influenced by the Ti surface during the initial period.

INTRODUÇÃO: A exodontia dos terceiros molares raramente promove complicações pós-operatórias como desordens temporomandibulares. OBJETIVO: Embora a literatura apresente uma série de discussões sobre a evidência clínica relacionada a este assunto, neste artigo, apresentamos um caso incomum de uma paciente submetida à extração dos terceiros molares que apresentou, no acompanhamento pós-operatório, luxação condilar recorrente bilateral. CONCLUSÃO: Devido a este estado crítico, a paciente foi tratada com sucesso pela eminectomia bilateral após tentativas terapêuticas não cirúrgicas.

INTRODUCTION: Extraction of third molars can rarely provoke post-operative complications, such as temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). OBJECTIVE: Although the literature presents a series of discussions of the clinical evidence related to this subject, in this report, we present an uncommon case of a patient submitted for the extraction of third molars who presented, in postoperative monitoring, with recurrent bilateral condylar luxation. CONCLUSION: Due to this critical condition, the patient was successfully treated by bilateral eminectomy.

Mononuclear cells play an important role in the modulation of healing. The characteristics of implant surface topography may alter the production of signaling molecules such as cytokines. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of commercially available titanium surface treatments on both cell viability and the secretion of the antagonist cytokines, IL1β and TGFβ1. Human mononuclear cells were cultured on 10 mm diameter commercially pure titanium (cpTi) disks that were prepared using a turning procedure (control=machined surface) and either acid etched or bio-anodized for 1-7 days. Adhered cells were investigated with respect to cell viability using an MTT assay, and cytokine production was verified using an ELISA assay. The results indicate that surface characteristics did not alter the cell viability at days 1 and 4, although the machined surface presented the highest absorbance values at day 7 (p = 0.0084). Cell viability was reduced throughout the time course for all analyzed surfaces (p < 0.05). On day 4, IL1β levels were significantly higher on bio-anodized compared to acid etched surfaces (p = 0.0097). TGFβ1 did not show differences among the surfaces at days 1 and 4. The responses of non-stimulated mononuclear cells to titanium surfaces suggest only modest effects of the surface treatment and roughness on pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL1β) release.

INTRODUÇÃO: O reparo ósseo de grandes defeitos é um grande desafio para a cirurgia reconstrutora atualmente. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar avaliação histológica do reparo ósseo em calvária de coelhos depois do uso de enxerto ósseo bovino (Gen-ox-organic®) associado a plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP). MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 12 coelhos, e dois fragmentos ósseos foram removidos da calvária bilateralmente. Então 24 sítios cirúrgicos foram aleatoriamente separados em 3 grupos: coágulo (grupo I), orgânico (grupo II) e orgânico com PRP (grupo III). Depois de quatro semanas, os animais foram sacrificados e a área enxertada foi removida, fixada em formol a 10%, em PBS 0,1M e incluídas em parafina. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros histológicos analisados foram: área do defeito preenchida com osso neoformado, presença de células gigantes e partículas do enxerto, e neoformação óssea associada com as partículas. Os defeitos do grupo I foram preenchidos com tecido fibroso que condicionou o periósteo e apresentou uma pequena formação óssea na periferia. Nos grupos II e III, um padrão semelhante foi observado e também ausência de partículas do enxerto e células gigantes. Não houve diferença significativa no número de células gigantes, partículas do enxerto e neoformação óssea em volta das partículas entre o material enxertado e o grupo com PRP associado. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos indicam que o biomaterial orgânico isolado ou em associação com o PRP não melhoraram a regeneração óssea.

INTRODUCTION: The osseous repairing in big imperfections is a great challenge for the restored surgery in nowadays. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to make an histological evaluation of the osseous restore in rabbit's calvaria after the bovine osseous graft's (Gen-ox-organic®) usage associated with plasma rich in platelet (PRP). METHOD: It was used 12 rabbits and 02 osseous fragments were removed from bilaterally calvarium. So among 24 surgical sites were randomly, divided in 03 groups: coagulum (group I), organic (group II) and organic with PRP (group III). After 04 weeks the animals were sacrificied and the grafted area was removed, fixed in formaldehyde at 10% in PBS 0,1M and included in paraffin. RESULTS: The histologic parameters analysed were: imperfection area filled up with neoformed, gigantic cells and graft's particles, and osseous neoformation associated with the particles. The group's I imperfections were filled up with fibrous tissue that conditioned the periosteum and presented a small osseous formation in the perimeter. In groups II and III, a similar pattern was observed and also with graft's particles and gigantic cell's absence. There was no significative difference in gigantic cells, graft's particles and neoformation's numbers around the particles between the grafted material and the group with PRP associated. CONCLUSION: The obtained results show that the isolated organic biomaterial or in association with PRP did not improve the osseous regeneration.