Resumo: Os programas de letramento digital para idosos propõem ampliar as habilidades e competências digitais, porém os conhecimentos sobre as abordagens metodológicas e de ensino nestas intervenções são escassos. O estudo objetivou verificar os fatores otimizadores no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em programas de letramento digital para idosos, a partir das percepções de alunos. Utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, duas categorias principais foram identificadas entre as emissões de 278 participantes. Conclui-se que os aspectos humanos devem ser valorizados pelos instrutores no processo de ensino-aprendizagem para alunos idosos, principalmente, demonstrar as qualidades de ser paciente, calmo e atencioso.

Abstract: Digital literacy programmes for the elderly propose to expand digital skills and competences; yet, knowledge about the methodological and teaching approaches in these interventions is scarce. The study aimed to verify the optimising factors in the teaching-learning process in digital literacy programmes for older adults, based on students’ perceptions. Using the content analysis technique, two main categories were identified among the contributions of 278 participants. It was concluded that the human aspects should be valued by the instructors in the teaching-learning process for older-adult students, mainly, by demonstrating the qualities of being patient, calm and attentive.

Choices based on exclusion have been investigated in different species because of its emergent nature, leading to evidence of rudimentary symbolic behavior in non-verbal organisms. Simple discrimination procedures provide a simple method to investigate exclusion performance, in which each trial consists of the simultaneous presentation of two stimuli, one with a positive function (S+) and one with a negative function (S-). In exclusion probe trials, an undefined stimulus (UnS) is presented with a familiar S-, and choices based on exclusion may lead to choosing the UnS, excluding the previously known S-. Novelty control trials (S+/UnS) are also conducted to assess the possible preference for the UnS. In this case, if performance is not controlled by novelty, then the subjects must choose the S+ and not the UnS. The present study investigated exclusion performance in visual simple simultaneous discrimination tasks in eight dogs. The results indicated that seven of eight dogs showed evidence of exclusion performance (p < .05). These findings corroborate the literature that shows that dogs are capable of responding by exclusion, suggesting that potentially symbolic behavior may rely on basic behavioral learning and conditioning principles.

Bullying define-se como uma forma de agressão física, psicológica ou sexual de caráter persecutório e repetitivo, geralmente envolvendo pares. Este estudo investigou comportamentos de bullying em 16 adolescentes do sexo masculino em conflito com a lei, que cumpriam medidas socioeducativas em regime de semiliberdade e liberdade assistida. Os dados foram coletados individualmente por meio de um questionário adaptado de conflitos na escola. Todos os participantes relataram terem sido vítimas ou autores de bullying ao menos uma vez no último ano. Observou-se maior incidência de autoria de bullying do que de intimidação por colegas, mostrando-se estatisticamente significativa (p<0,022). Participantes em semiliberdade relataram haver sido tanto alvo quanto autores de bullying em maior proporção do que os da liberdade assistida (p<0,038). A intimidação não se restringia somente a colegas, mas generalizava-se a adultos. Resultados apontam a necessidade da investigação sobre a relação entre o comportamento de bullying e indivíduos infratores.

Bullying is defined as a form of physical, psychological or sexual aggression which happens repeatedly and generally involves ones' peers. The present study investigated the occurrence of bullying behavior in 16 male young offenders attending a specialized institution (semi-detention and monitoredliberty). Data was collected individually by way of an adapted questionnaire about conflicts in school. All participants admitted to having been either a victim or perpetrator of bullying at least once during the last year. There was a greater incidence of bullying behavior as perpetrators than intimidation by colleagues, that was statistically significant (p<0.022). Subjects under semi-detention have been shown to be perpetrators or targets of bullying in a greater proportion than those under monitored liberty (p<0.038). Intimidation was not restricted to peers, but it was generalized towards adults. The results indicated the necessity for research into the relationship between bullying behavior and the behavior of criminal offenders.