RESUMO Introdução O elevado índice de obesidade ocasionada pelo sedentarismo moderno associado a maus hábitos alimentares e a alta demanda intelectual escolar geram um déficit físico e psicológico na juventude contemporânea. Os danos ocasionados nessa fase de crescimento são irrecuperáveis e os hábitos adquiridos nesse período são determinantes para a saúde individual. A urgência desse problema tem gerado pesquisas sobre métodos para reverter essa situação, dentre eles desponta o treinamento funcional. Objetivo Estudar o efeito do treinamento funcional na saúde do adolescente. Métodos 30 meninos e 30 meninas foram recrutados como sujeitos de estudo. O experimento durou um semestre, incluindo duas aulas semanais de educação física, com foco no treinamento funcional. Os dados dos índices corporais, aptidão física e resultados dos testes físicos foram coletados antes e depois da intervenção. Os resultados do experimento foram integrados e comparados. Resultados A seleção do treinamento funcional pode otimizar os índices bioquímicos dos adolescentes, tornar a postura ortostática dos adolescentes mais equilibrada, melhorar significativamente a força muscular, a flexibilidade corporal, a força explosiva das extremidades superior e inferior coordenação motora, flexibilidade corporal, resistência muscular, função cardiopulmonar, etc. Conclusão O treinamento funcional pode melhorar efetivamente a saúde física dos adolescentes. Os participantes aumentaram seu interesse pelo esporte e essa intervenção tem o potencial de promover o desenvolvimento da saúde física e mental dos adolescentes caso replicada a nível nacional. Estudos são necessários para a popularização do treinamento funcional em adolescentes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos desfechos do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The high rate of obesity caused by the modern sedentary lifestyle associated with bad eating habits and the high intellectual demand at school generates a physical and psychological deficit in contemporary youth. The damage caused in this growth phase is irrecoverable, and the habits acquired during this period are crucial to individual health. The urgency of this problem has generated research on methods to reverse this situation, among them functional training. Objective To study the effect of functional training on adolescent health. Methods 30 boys and 30 girls were recruited as study subjects. The experiment lasted one semester, including two weekly physical education classes focused on functional training. Data on body indexes, fitness, and physical test results were collected before and after the intervention. The results of the experiment were integrated and compared. Results The selection of functional training can optimize adolescents’ biochemical indexes, making adolescents’ orthostatic posture more balanced, and significantly improve muscle strength, body flexibility, explosive strength of upper and lower extremities, motor coordination, body flexibility, muscular endurance, cardiopulmonary function, etc. Conclusion Functional training can effectively improve the physical health of adolescents. Participants have increased their interest in sports, and this intervention can potentially promote the development of adolescents’ physical and mental health if replicated nationwide. Studies are needed to popularize functional training in adolescents. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La alta tasa de obesidad causada por el sedentarismo moderno asociado a malos hábitos alimenticios y la alta exigencia intelectual escolar generan un déficit físico y psicológico en la juventud contemporánea. Los daños causados en esta fase de crecimiento son irrecuperables y los hábitos adquiridos durante este periodo son cruciales para la salud del individuo. La urgencia de este problema ha generado la investigación de métodos para revertir esta situación, entre ellos surge el entrenamiento funcional. Objetivo Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento funcional en la salud de los adolescentes. Métodos Se reclutaron 30 chicos y 30 chicas como sujetos de estudio. El experimento duró un semestre, incluyendo dos clases semanales de educación física, centradas en el entrenamiento funcional. Se recogieron datos sobre los índices corporales, la forma física y los resultados de las pruebas físicas antes y después de la intervención. Los resultados del experimento se integraron y compararon. Resultados La selección del entrenamiento funcional puede optimizar los índices bioquímicos de los adolescentes, hacer que la postura ortostática de los adolescentes sea más equilibrada, mejorar significativamente la fuerza muscular, la flexibilidad corporal, la fuerza explosiva de las extremidades superiores e inferiores la coordinación motora, la flexibilidad corporal, la resistencia muscular, la función cardiopulmonar, etc. Conclusión El entrenamiento funcional puede mejorar eficazmente la salud física de los adolescentes. Los participantes han aumentado su interés por el deporte y esta intervención tiene el potencial de promover el desarrollo de la salud física y mental de los adolescentes si se reproduce a nivel nacional. Se necesitan estudios para la popularización del entrenamiento funcional en adolescentes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapêuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Objectives: The effects of weightlessness on the liver were studied using a tail suspension (TS) male mouse model. Methods: The effects of 0-, 2- and 4-week TS (CON, TS2 and TS4 groups) on glycogen and lipid content, as well as on the molecular processes of the synthesis and degradation pathways, were examined. Results: (1) The number of glycogenosomes under ultrastructure and the glycogen content were considerably larger in the TS4 group than in the other two groups. (2) In the TS4 group, glycogen synthase activity remained constant while glycogen phosphorylase activity dropped, indicating that glycogen breakdown was reduced. (3) The livers of the TS2 group had the highest lipid and triglyceride content, indicating lipid buildup in the liver at this time. (4) In the TS2 group, the activities of the fatty acid synthesis-related factors acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase increased, while hepatic lipase decreased, indicating that lipid synthesis increased, while decomposition decreased. (5) In the TS2 group, the protein expression of glucose transporters 1 and 2 increased. Conclusions: From TS2 weeks to TS4 weeks, the main energy consumption mode in the livers of mice transitioned from glucose metabolism to lipid metabolism as glucose use decreased. Level of evidence II; Comparative prospective study.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Se estudiaron los efectos de la antigravedad en el hígado utilizando un modelo de ratón macho en prueba de suspensión de la cola (TS, tail suspension). Métodos: Se examinaron los efectos de la TS a las 0, 2 y 4 semanas (grupos CON, TS2 y TS4) sobre el contenido de glucógeno y lípidos, así como sobre los procesos moleculares de las vías de síntesis y degradación. Resultados: (1) El número de glucogenosomas ultraestructurales y el contenido de glucógeno fueron expresivamente más altos en el grupo TS4 que en los otros dos grupos. (2) En el grupo TS4, la actividad de la glucógeno sintasa se mantuvo constante, mientras que la actividad de la glucógeno fosforilasa disminuyó, lo que indica que la degradación del glucógeno se redujo. (3) Los hígados del grupo TS2 presentaron el mayor contenido de lípidos y triglicéridos, lo que indica la acumulación de lípidos en el hígado en ese momento. (4) En el grupo TS2, la actividad de los factores relacionados con la síntesis de ácidos grasos acetil-CoA carboxilasa y ácido graso sintasa aumentó, mientras que la lipasa hepática disminuyó, indicando que la síntesis de lípidos aumentó mientras que la descomposición disminuyó. (5) En el grupo TS2, la expresión proteica de los transportadores de glucosa 1 y 2 aumentó. Conclusiones: Desde la semana TS2 hasta la semana TS4, el principal modo de consumo de energía en el hígado de los ratones pasó del metabolismo de la glucosa al metabolismo de los lípidos a medida que disminuía el uso de la glucosa. Nivel de Evidencia II, Estudio retrospectivo comparativo.

RESUMO Objetivos: Os efeitos da antigravidade no fígado foram estudados usando um modelo de camundongo macho com a suspensão pela cauda (TS, tail suspension). Métodos: Foram examinados os efeitos da TS em 0, 2 e 4 semanas (grupos CON, TS2 e TS4) sobre o conteúdo de glicogênio e lipídios, bem como nos processos moleculares das vias de síntese e degradação. Resultados: (1) O número de glicogenossomos ultraestruturais e o teor de glicogênio foram expressivamente maiores no grupo TS4 do que nos outros dois grupos. (2) No grupo TS4, a atividade de glicogênio sintase permaneceu constante, enquanto a atividade de glicogênio fosforilase caiu, indicando que a degradação do glicogênio foi reduzida. (3) Os fígados do grupo TS2 tiveram o maior teor lipídico e de triglicérides, indicando acúmulo de lipídios no fígado no momento. (4) No grupo TS2, a atividade dos fatores relacionados com a síntese de ácidos graxos acetil-CoA carboxilase e ácido graxo sintase aumentaram, enquanto a lipase hepática diminuiu, indicando que a síntese de lipídios aumentou, enquanto a decomposição diminuiu. (5) No grupo TS2, a expressão proteica dos transportadores de glicose 1 e 2 aumentou. Conclusões: De TS2 semanas para TS4 semanas, o principal modo de consumo de energia no fígado de camundongos passou do metabolismo da glicose para o metabolismo lipídico, à medida que o uso de glicose diminuiu. Nível de evidência II, Estudo retrospectivo comparativo.

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effects of bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium (MSC-CM) treating diabetic foot ulcers in rats. Methods: Models of T2DM rats were induced by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of STZ in SD rats. Models of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) were made by operation on hind limbs in diabetic rats. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 for each group), i.e., Normal Control group (NC), Diabetes Control group (DM-C), MSC-CM group and Mesenchymal Stem Cells group (MSCs). MSC-CM group was treated with an injection of conditioned medium derived from preconditioned rats’ bone marrow MSCs around ulcers. MSCs group were treated with an injection of rats’ bone marrow MSCs. The other two groups were treated with an injection of PBS. After the treatment, wound closure, re-epithelialization (thickness of the stratum granulosums of the skin, by H&E staining), cell proliferation (Ki67, by IHC), angiogenesis (CD31, by IFC), autophagy (LC3B, by IFC and WB; autoly-sosome, by EM) and pyroptosis (IL-1β, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD and GSDMD-N, by WB) in ulcers were evaluated. Results: After the treatment wound area rate, IL-1β by ELISA, and IL-1β, Caspase-1, GSDMD and GSDMD-N by WB of MSC-CM group were less than those of DM group. The thickness of the stratum granulosums of the skin, proliferation index of Ki67, mean optic density of CD31 and LC3B by IFC, and LC3B by WB of MSC-CM group were more than those of DM group. The present analysis demonstrated that the injection of MSC-CM into rats with DFUs enhanced the wound-healing process by accelerating wound closure, promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, enhancing cell autophagy, and reducing cell pyroptosis in ulcers. Conclusions: Studies conducted indicate that MSC-CM administration could be a novel cell-free therapeutic approach to treat DFUs accelerating the wound healing process and avoiding the risk of living cells therapy.

Abstract To analysis the main clinical symptoms and causative hazards of foodborne disease outbreaks to provide a reference for the prevention, control, and early warning of foodborne diseases. 2,919 FBDs cases were collected and summarised through the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) surveillance system. Foodborne diseases were detected according to national standards. Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 12.0 were used for data descriptive analysis. The mean±standard deviation was used to describe the numerical variables, and the frequency and composition ratio were used to describe the classification variables. There were 2,919 FBDs cases included in the analysis. The highest number of cases occurred among students (41.49%) and farmers (22.85%). The months of August (398,13.63%), September (333,11.41%) and July (330,11.31%) accounted for most cases. The two most frequent pathogens supported by laboratory confirmation are Norovirus and Salmonella. The major symptoms of illness were diarrhoea (97.64%), fever (27.95%), abdominal pain (24.67%), vomiting (22.30%), and nausea (13.7%). This study revealed epidemiological characteristics of FBDs and identified some higher risk factors for interventions. Salmonella and Norovirus were the main pathogens. Foods from catering service settings and animal foods were the factors most likely to contribute to foodborne diseases. Most cases of intoxication and outbreaks were related to wild mushrooms.

Abstract Polygonum capitatum (Polygonaceae) exists in rural areas of Southwest China and some other Asian countries. Its aerial part or whole herbal plant has been used as a Miao ethnomedicine against urinary system diseases, infections, pyelonephritis, diarrhea, and so on. The progress in phytochemical research on P. capitatum over the past decades is summarized. Two hundred and three chemical constituents that have been isolated and identified from this plant are included in this article, the chemical structures of which include aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ketones, aromatic aldehydes, aliphatic acids, glycerides, triterpenic acids, sterols, anthraquinones, chromones and their glycosides, flavonoids and their glycosides, phenols, phenolic acids and their esters, lignanoids, flavonolignans, phenolic glycosides, alcoholic glycosides, amino acids, nucleobases, amides, alkaloids, alkyl glycosides, volatile oils, and polysaccharides.

Abstract Background: Naja atra is a venomous snake species medically relevant in China. In the current study, we evaluated the composition and toxicological profile of venom collected from farm-raised N. atra. Methods: Venom was collected from third-generation captive bred N. atra on a snake farm in Hunan Province, China. The venom was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and nano-liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, hemolytic activity, median lethal dose, serum biochemical and histopathological parameters were accessed. Results: N. atra venom proteome was dominated by phospholipase A2 (46.5%) and three-finger toxins (41.4 %), and a set of common low relative abundance proteins, including cysteine-rich secretory proteins (4.7%), NGF-beta (2.4%), snake venom metalloproteinase (1.5%), glutathione peroxidase (0.6%), vespryn (0.3%), and 5ʹ-nucleotidases (0.2%) were also found. Furthermore, the venom exhibited direct hemolytic activity, neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, and high lethal potency in mice, with a subcutaneous median lethal dose of 1.02 mg/kg. Histopathological analysis and serum biochemical tests revealed that venom caused acute hepatic, pulmonary and renal injury in mice. Conclusion: This study revealed the composition and toxicity of venom collected from farm-raised N. atra, thereby providing a reference for the analysis of venom samples collected from captive-born venomous snakes in the future.

ABSTRACT Soil deterioration, yield decline and soil microbial activity reduction caused by banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) monoculture is threatening the sustainability of banana production in China. Therefore, it is necessary to study the benefits of rotation on soil quality. This study aimed to assess the effects of rotation and tillage on soil properties in a banana plantation for 25 yr. Treatments consisted of three rotation methods (banana-pineapple, BA; banana-cowpea, BP; banana-rice, BR) and banana monoculture (CK) combined with two tillage intensities (no-tillage, NT; conventional tillage, CT). Soil samples were taken at depth of 0-40 cm in 2019-2020. In comparison with CK, BA and BR increased soil moisture, pH, total organic C and available P, but decreased soil bulk density. Microbial biomass C and N at booting stage were 46.1% and 39.2% higher in BA and BR than those in CK. Urease, dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase obtained a mean of 34.1% increase in BP and 23.8% increase in BR compared with BA. Higher total N, NO3-N, available K and macro aggregate were showed in NT compared with CT, whereas porosity was 24.8% lower in NT than in CT. CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions were in average around between one third and two fifth lower in no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. In general, rotations combined with no-tillage led to a positive effect on soil quality, as evidenced by increase of soil moisture, total N, microbial biomass C and urease and accompanying increase in banana yield. In order to sustain higher productivity, application of rotation and no-tillage is of considerable importance.

The objective of this study was to examine the safety of multiple repeated percutaneous punctures of cisterna magna for collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and preliminarily determine the optimal time interval and volume at each collection. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups: 10 d-0 μL, 10 d-100 μL (100 μL CSF collected at an interval of 10 days), 10 d-150 μL, 15 d-0 μL, 15 d-100 μL, and 15 d-150 μL. CSF was collected by percutaneous puncture of the cisterna magna at four time-points. Simultaneously, locomotor activity, cisterna magna pressure, and acetylcholine levels in the CSF were monitored. Compared with the 10 d-0 μL group, the escape latency by Morris water maze was significantly prolonged in the 10 d-100 μL and 10 d-150 μL groups (P<0.05). Compared with the 15 d-0 μL group, the indices of 15 d-100 μL and 15 d-150 μL groups had no significant differences. When compared with that at the first training, the exception of the 10 d-150 μL and 15 d-150 μL groups, significant differences in escape latency were found at the 6th attempt (P<0.05). Compared with baseline readings for each group, the cisterna magna pressure in the 10 d-150 μL group began to decrease significantly from the third measurement (P<0.05). The optimal time interval during four CSF collections (100 μL per collection) via cisterna magna percutaneous puncture was determined to be 15 days. The procedure did not significantly affect learning processes, performance, or other related indices.

It is known that neuronal apoptosis contributes to pathology of cerebral ischemia injury. Zonisamide (ZNS) has shown anti-apoptosis effects in recent studies. The present study investigated whether the anti-apoptotic effect can account for the neuroprotective action of ZNS on cerebral ischemia. Neuronal cells were maintained under oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions to simulate cerebral ischemia and treated with ZNS simultaneously. The apoptosis of the cells and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were investigated by flow cytometry and western blot analysis, respectively. A cerebral ischemia mouse model was created via middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the mice were treated with ZNS. Neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes of the cerebral ischemia mice were measured. The apoptosis status of the neuronal cells was evaluated by TUNEL staining. In vitro, the ZNS treatment inhibited both the apoptosis of the neuronal cells and apoptosis-related protein expression (caspase-3, caspase-8, and calpain-1) induced by the oxygen-glucose deprivation. The anti-apoptosis effect of ZNS could occur through the blocking of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, ZNS treatment significantly ameliorated neurological deficits and reduced infarct volumes in the cerebral ischemia mice model. In this study, ZNS exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibition of apoptosis in neuronal cells in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, ZNS might be a promising therapy for cerebral ischemia.

Genomic studies have provided insights into molecular subgroups and oncogenic drivers of pediatric brain tumors (PBT) that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Participants of the cohort Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas: CBTTC (CBTTC cohort), were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox regression model were applied to preliminary screening of prognostic genes. The LASSO Cox regression model was implemented to build a multi-gene signature, which was then validated in the validation and CBTTC cohorts through Kaplan-Meier, Cox, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. Also, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltrating analyses were conducted to understand function annotation and the role of the signature in the tumor microenvironment. An eight-gene signature was built, which was examined by Kaplan-Meier analysis, revealing that a significant overall survival difference was seen, either in the training or validation cohorts. The eight-gene signature was further proven to be independent of other clinic-pathologic parameters via the Cox regression analyses. Moreover, ROC analysis demonstrated that this signature owned a better predictive power of PBT prognosis. Furthermore, GSEA and immune infiltrating analyses showed that the signature had close interactions with immune-related pathways and was closely related to CD8 T cells and monocytes in the tumor environment. Identifying the eight-gene signature (CBX7, JADE2, IGF2BP3, OR2W6P, PRAME, TICRR, KIF4A, and PIMREG) could accurately identify patients' prognosis and the signature had close interactions with the immunodominant tumor environment, which may provide insight into personalized prognosis prediction and new therapies for PBT patients.

Abstract Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, that increases bone fragility and fracture risk and, therefore, has a serious adverse effect on the quality of life of patients. However, epigenetic mechanisms involved in the development of osteoporosis remain unclear. There is accumulating evidence that epigenetic modifications may represent mechanisms underlying the links of genetic and environmental factors with increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture. Some RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been shown to be epigenetic regulators with significant involvement in the control of gene expression, affecting multiple biological processes, including bone metabolism. This review summarizes the results of recent studies on the mechanisms of miRNA-, lncRNA-, and circRNA-mediated osteoporosis associated with osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Deeper insights into the roles of these three classes of RNA in osteoporosis could provide unique opportunities for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this disease.

Abstract Background: Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, which seriously affects human health. Gramicidin is a short peptide antibiotic which could be used for treating infection induced by bacteria or fungi. However, the anti-cancer effect of gramicidin on gastric cancer cells and its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Results: Gastric cancer cells SGC-7901, BGC-823 and normal gastric mucosal cells GES-1 were treated with different concentrations of gramicidin respectively. The results of CCK-8 experiment revealed cellular toxicity of gramicidin to cancer cells while cell colony formation assay showed that gramicidin significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, but had little effect on normal gastric mucosal cells. In addition, the wound healing assay showed that gramicidin inhibited the migration of SGC-7901 cell. Meanwhile, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis revealed that gramicidin induced cell apoptosis with G2/M cell cycle inhibition. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that gramicidin down-regulated the expression of cyclinD1 and Bcl-2 as well as the FoxO1 phosphorylation. Conclusions: The current study illustrated the anti-tumor activity of gramicidin on gastric cancer cells, providing a possibility for gramicidin to be applied in clinical practice for the treatment of gastric cancer.

The paper provides an overview of the conceptual relationship between institutional communication management and knowledge management; areas of professional practice; academic training and research currently materializing in organizations and institutions, marking their identity and development, but with scarce communication between them and little awareness of their complementary nature. A review of specialized bibliography on the topic and multiple triangulations between their various approaches led to identification of points of contact between them in their definitions (aims and functions), typologies, main models and processes for their materialization, as well as to identification and definition of areas of potential development in order to take important steps leading to greater practical interrelationship and interdisciplinary reasoning.

El presente artículo ofrece una aproximación a la relación conceptual entre la gestión de la comunicación institucional y la gestión del conocimiento, áreas de prácticas profesionales, formación e investigación académicas que se objetivan en la actualidad en las organizaciones e instituciones, y marcan su identidad y desarrollo, pero con escasos diálogos entre ellas, en las que se desconoce su carácter complementario. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica en la literatura especializada y de múltiples triangulaciones entre sus diversos enfoques se pudo llegar a la identificación de elementos de relación entre ellas en sus definiciones (objetivos y funciones); tipologías; modelos y procesos principales en su concreción, así como la identificación y definición de áreas de desarrollo posibles en aras de ir dando pasos importantes que conduzcan a mayores interrelaciones prácticas y a razonamientos interdisciplinares.

So much the telling process as the creation and step of knowledge have been expressed by means of an untold number of theoretic models that describe themselves and they explain. However not always in them exists an obvious recognition in concepts, variables, indicators and relations of the links the fact that they exist among themselves, which are indissoluble. Victims of a footprint no disciplining much favorable where convergence exists, he becomes each time more necessary the look interdisciplinar that achieves the necessary approaches and returns them enriched to a practice each more contemporary time and to an academy that with regard to this matter should go to the vanguard. The article that here shows up makes out an explanation of this situation as from the analysis of two theoretic typical models for its amplitude when describing processes, so much of communication seemingly as of creation and step of knowledge, much-quoted for your functional capacity face to face with the understanding of every one, but very disciplinares there where is emerging a compound zone that you demand, at least, looked at interdisciplinares, which right now begin to manifest themselves between the pilots and academicians than transgreden frontiers.

Tanto el proceso comunicativo como la creación y gestión del conocimiento han sido expresados mediante modelos teóricos que los describen y explican. Sin embargo, no siempre existe un reconocimiento en conceptos, variables, indicadores y relaciones de los vínculos que existen entre ellos. Víctimas de una huella disciplinar poco favorable donde existe la convergencia, se hace necesaria la mirada interdisciplinar que logre los acercamientos y los devuelva enriquecidos a la práctica cada vez más contemporánea y a una academia que debe ir a la vanguardia. El artículo que aquí se presenta hace una explicación de esta situación a partir del análisis de dos modelos teóricos típicos por su amplitud al describir los procesos, tanto de comunicación como de creación y gestión del conocimiento, citados por su capacidad funcional de cara a la comprensión de cada uno, pero muy disciplinares ahí donde está emergiendo una zona compleja que exige, al menos, miradas interdisciplinares, las cuales ya comienzan a manifestarse entre los prácticos y académicos que transgreden las fronteras.

In this paper we investigated the microstructure and phase transition of atomized Fe-(1.3, 7.9, 11.7 wt.%) Mn alloy powders. The results show that the main phases of Fe-1.3Mn, Fe-7.9Mn and Fe-11.7Mn powders are ferrite, α’-martensite+austenite, α’-martensite+ε-martensite+austenite, respectively. The δ-ferrite in the Fe-1.3Mn powder is the high-temperature δ-ferrite directly formed from liquid, companying by a small number of nanometer sized austenite particles precipitated from the ferrite matrix. In the Fe-11.7Mn powder, the γ-austenite, ε-martensite and α’-martensite are found in the same region and have the K-S orientation relationship, suggesting phase transitions of γ-austenite → ε-martensite → α’-martensite and γ → α’-martensite.