ABSTRACT Coal gangue occupies substantial land resources. Using coal gangue as reinforcement fill material is an effective utilization method. The characteristics of the soil-reinforcement interface influence the safety and stability. Large-scale direct shear tests were conducted to study the interface characteristics of coal gangue with polypropylene woven geotextile, welded steel-plastic geogrid, and high-density polyethylene uniaxial geogrid. The tests revealed that the shear stress-shear displacement relationship is nonlinear and positively correlated with normal stress, with the breakage of burnt coal gangue particles observed during the process. The maximum shear stress and shear strength index of the interface for the three geosynthetics reinforced coal gangue are in the order of uniaxial high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrid showing the highest reinforcement strength, followed by the welded steel-plastic geogrid, with the polypropylene woven geotextile having the lowest strength. After HDPE geogrid reinforcement, interface friction angle slightly changes, but cohesion significantly increases, with an increase of 1156.9%. Considering the interface interactions, among the three geosynthetic materials, HDPE geogrid exhibits the most effective reinforcement effect on coal gangue, followed by the welded steel-plastic geogrid. The geotextile shows the least effectiveness in reinforcing burnt coal gangue. For reinforced coal gangue projects, HDPE geogrid is recommended as the reinforcing material. resources method soilreinforcement soil stability Largescale Large scale steelplastic steel plastic highdensity high density stressshear process (HDPE changes increases 11569 1156 9 1156.9% interactions materials projects 115 1156.9 11 1156. 1

Abstract Studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in neurological dysfunction and that electroacupuncture (EA) attenuates neuropathic pain (NP) via undefined pathways. However, the role of ERS in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in NP and the effect of EA on ERS in the ACC have not yet been investigated. In this study, an NP model was established by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the left sciatic nerve in rats, and mechanical and cold tests were used to evaluate behavioral hyperalgesia. The protein expression and distribution were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results showed that glucose-regulated protein 78 (BIP) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE-1α) were co-localized in neurons in the ACC. After CCI, BIP, IRE-1α, and phosphorylation of IRE-1α were upregulated in the ACC. Intra-ACC administration of 4-PBA and Kira-6 attenuated pain hypersensitivity and downregulated phosphorylation of IRE-1α, while intraperitoneal injection of 4-PBA attenuated hyperalgesia and inhibited the activation of P38 and JNK in ACC. In contrast, ERS activation by intraperitoneal injection of tunicamycin induced behavioral hyperalgesia in naive rats. Furthermore, EA attenuated pain hypersensitivity and inhibited the CCI-induced overexpression of BIP and pIRE-1α. Taken together, these results demonstrate that EA attenuates NP by suppressing BIP- and IRE-1α-mediated ERS in the ACC. Our study presents novel evidence that ERS in the ACC is implicated in the development of NP and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the analgesic effect of EA.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the optimal timing of initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. Methods: KD patients were classified as the early group (day 1-4), conventional group (day 5-7), conventional group (day 8-10), and late group (after day 10). Differences among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square analysis. Predictors of IVIG resistance and the optimal cut-off value were determined by multiple logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in IVIG resistance among the 4 groups (p = 0.335). The sensitivity analysis also confirmed no difference in the IVIG resistance between those who started the initial IVIG ≤ day 7 of illness and those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness (p = 0.761). In addition, patients who received IVIG administration more than 7 days from the onset had a higher proportion of coronary artery abnormalities (p = 0.034) and longer length of hospitalization (p = 0.033) than those who started IVIG administration less than 7 days. The optimal cut-off value of initial IVIG administration time for predicting IVIG resistance was >7 days, with a sensitivity of 75.25% and specificity of 82.41%. Conclusions: IVIG therapy within 7 days of illness is found to be more effective for reducing the risk of coronary artery abnormalities than those who received IVIG >day 7 of illness. IVIG treatment within the 7 days of illness seems to be the optimal therapeutic window of IVIG. However, further prospective studies with long-term follow-up are required. Objective (IVIG (KD Methods 14, 14 1 , 1-4) 57, 57 5 5-7) 810, 810 8 10 8-10) after 10. . 10) Chisquare Chi square cutoff cut off ROC (ROC Results p 0.335. 0335 0.335 0 335 0.335) 0.761. 0761 0.761 761 0.761) addition 0.034 0034 034 0.033 0033 033 > 7525 75 25 75.25 8241 82 41 82.41% Conclusions However longterm long term followup follow up required 1-4 5-7 81 8-10 0.33 33 076 0.76 76 0.03 003 03 752 2 75.2 824 82.41 1- 5- 8-1 0.3 3 07 0.7 0.0 00 75. 82.4 8- 0. 82.

Abstract Objective The study explored improvements in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a bovine type II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model after treatment with baricitinib and the possible mechanism of action. Methods A rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mouse model was established, siRNA Jak2 and lentiviral vectors were transfected with human embryonic lung fibroblast cells. And the levels of relevant proteins in mouse lung tissue and human embryonic lung fibroblasts were detected by Western blotting. Results The levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were increased in the lung tissues of model mice (P < 0.5) and decreased after baricitinib intervention (P < 0.05). The expression levels of p-STAT3, p-SMAD3, SMA, TGFβR2, FN and COL4 were reduced after siRNA downregulation of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01) and increased after lentiviral overexpression of the JAK2 gene (P < 0.01). Conclusion Baricitinib alleviated fibrosis in the lung tissue of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease mice, and the mechanism of action may involve the downregulation of Smad3 expression via inhibition of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway, with consequent inhibition of the profibrotic effect of transforming growth factor-β1. collageninduced collagen induced arthritisassociated arthritis associated established Jak cells blotting JAK pJAK2, pJAK2 pJAK p p-JAK2 pSTAT3, pSTAT3 pSTAT STAT3, STAT3 STAT p-STAT3 pSMAD3, pSMAD3 pSMAD SMAD3, SMAD3 SMAD p-SMAD3 SMA TGFβR2 TGFβR COL P 0.5 05 0 5 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0.05) 0.01 001 01 0.01. Smad Jak2Stat3 JakStat Stat3 Stat Jak2/Stat pathway factorβ1. factorβ1 factorβ factor β1. β1 β factor-β1 p-JAK p-STAT p-SMAD 0. 00 0.0 Jak2Stat factor-β

Resumo Fundamento A estratificação de risco precoce com biomarcadores simples é essencial em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMSSST). Objetivo Este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a associação entre nível de big endotelina-1 plasmática (ET-1) e o escore SYNTAX (SS) em pacientes com IAMSSST. Métodos Foram recrutados 766 pacientes com IAMSSST que passaram por angiografia coronária. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: SS baixo (≤22), SS intermediário (23-32), e SS alto (>32). A correlação de Spearman, o ajuste de curva suave, a regressão logística, e a análise de curva característica de operação do receptor (ROC) foram realizados para avaliar a associação entre o nível de big ET-1 plasmática e o SS. Um p-valor <0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Foi identificada uma correlação significativa entre a big ET-1 e o SS (r=0,378, p<0,001). A curva suavizada indicou uma correlação positiva entre o nível de big ET-1 plasmática e o SS. A análise de curva ROC demonstrou que a área sob a curva foi de 0,695 (0,661-0,727) e o ponto de corte ideal do nível de big ET-1 plasmática foi de 0,35 pmol/l. A regressão logística demonstrou que a big ET-1 elevada era um preditor independente de SS intermediário a alto em pacientes com IAMSSST, seja como variável contínua [RC (IC 95%: 1,110 (1,053-1,170), p<0,001] ou como variável categórica [RC (IC 95%: 2,962 (2,073-4,233), p<0,001]. Conclusão Em pacientes com IAMSSST, o nível de big ET-1 plasmática estava significativamente correlacionado ao SS. O nível de big ET-1 plasmática elevado foi um preditor independente para SS intermediário a alto. . (IAMSSST) endotelina1 endotelina 1 endotelina- ET1 ET (ET-1 (SS 76 coronária grupos ≤22, 22 ≤22 , (≤22) 2332, 2332 23 32 (23-32) >32. >32 (>32) Spearman suave (ROC ET- pvalor p valor 005 0 05 <0.0 significativo r=0,378, r0378 r 378 (r=0,378 p<0,001. p0001 p<0,001 001 p<0,001) 0695 695 0,69 0,6610,727 06610727 0,661 0,727 661 727 (0,661-0,727 035 35 0,3 pmoll pmol l pmol/l RC IC 95% 95 1110 110 1,11 1,0531,170, 10531170 1,053 1,170 053 170 (1,053-1,170) 2962 2 962 2,96 2,0734,233, 20734233 2,073 4,233 073 4 233 (2,073-4,233) (IAMSSST (ET- 7 ≤2 (≤22 3 (23-32 >3 (>32 00 <0. r=0,378 r037 37 (r=0,37 p000 p<0,00 069 69 0,6 6610 0,6610,72 0661072 0661 0,66 0727 0,72 66 72 (0,661-0,72 03 0, 9 111 11 1,1 0531 1,0531,170 1053117 1053 1,05 1170 1,17 17 (1,053-1,170 296 96 2,9 0734 2,0734,233 2073423 2073 2,07 4233 4,23 07 (2,073-4,233 (ET ≤ (≤2 (23-3 > (>3 <0 r=0,37 r03 (r=0,3 p00 p<0,0 06 6 0,6610,7 066107 066 072 0,7 (0,661-0,7 1, 1,0531,17 105311 105 1,0 117 (1,053-1,17 29 2, 2,0734,23 207342 207 2,0 423 4,2 (2,073-4,23 (≤ (23- (> < r=0,3 r0 (r=0, p0 p<0, 0,6610, 06610 (0,661-0, 1,0531,1 10531 10 (1,053-1,1 2,0734,2 20734 20 42 4, (2,073-4,2 ( (23 r=0, (r=0 p<0 0,6610 (0,661-0 1,0531, (1,053-1, 2,0734, (2,073-4, (2 r=0 (r= p< (0,661- 1,0531 (1,053-1 2,0734 (2,073-4 r= (r (0,661 (1,053- (2,073- (0,66 (1,053 (2,073 (0,6 (1,05 (2,07 (0, (1,0 (2,0 (0 (1, (2, (1

Abstract Background Early risk stratification with simple biomarkers is essential in patients with non-ST segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between plasma big endothelin-1 (ET-1) level and the SYNTAX score (SS) in patients with NSTEMI. Methods A total of 766 patients with NSTEMI undergoing coronary angiography were recruited. Patients were divided into three groups: low SS (≤22), intermediate SS (23-32), and high SS (>32). Spearman correlation, smooth curve fitting, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to evaluate the association between plasma big ET-1 level and the SS. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was a significant correlation between the big ET-1 and the SS (r=0.378, p<0.001). The smoothing curve indicated a positive correlation between the plasma big ET-1 level and the SS. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.695 (0.661-0.727) and the optimal cutoff of plasma big ET-1 level was 0.35pmol/l. Logistic regression showed that elevated big ET-1 was an independent predictor of intermediate-high SS in patients with NSTEMI, whether entered as a continuous variable [OR (95% CI): 1.110 (1.053-1.170), p<0.001] or as a categorical variable [OR (95% CI): 2.962 (2.073-4.233), p<0.001]. Conclusion In patients with NSTEMI, the plasma big ET-1 level was significantly correlated with the SS. Elevated plasma big ET-1 level was an independent predictor for intermediate-high SS. nonST non ST segmentelevation segment elevation . (NSTEMI) endothelin1 endothelin 1 endothelin- ET1 ET (ET-1 (SS 76 recruited groups ≤22, 22 ≤22 , (≤22) 2332, 2332 23 32 (23-32) >32. >32 (>32) fitting (ROC ET- pvalue p value 005 0 05 <0.0 r=0.378, r0378 r 378 (r=0.378 p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 001 p<0.001) 0695 695 0.69 0.6610.727 06610727 0.661 0.727 661 727 (0.661-0.727 035pmoll pmoll 35pmol l pmol 0.35pmol/l intermediatehigh OR 95% 95 (95 CI CI) 1110 110 1.11 1.0531.170, 10531170 1.053 1.170 053 170 (1.053-1.170) 2962 2 962 2.96 2.0734.233, 20734233 2.073 4.233 073 4 233 (2.073-4.233) (NSTEMI (ET- 7 ≤2 (≤22 3 (23-32 >3 (>32 00 <0. r=0.378 r037 37 (r=0.37 p000 p<0.00 069 69 0.6 6610 0.6610.72 0661072 0661 0.66 0727 0.72 66 72 (0.661-0.72 9 (9 111 11 1.1 0531 1.0531.170 1053117 1053 1.05 1170 1.17 17 (1.053-1.170 296 96 2.9 0734 2.0734.233 2073423 2073 2.07 4233 4.23 07 (2.073-4.233 (ET ≤ (≤2 (23-3 > (>3 <0 r=0.37 r03 (r=0.3 p00 p<0.0 06 6 0. 0.6610.7 066107 066 072 0.7 (0.661-0.7 ( 1. 1.0531.17 105311 105 1.0 117 (1.053-1.17 29 2. 2.0734.23 207342 207 2.0 423 4.2 (2.073-4.23 (≤ (23- (> < r=0.3 r0 (r=0. p0 p<0. 0.6610. 06610 (0.661-0. 1.0531.1 10531 10 (1.053-1.1 2.0734.2 20734 20 42 4. (2.073-4.2 (23 r=0. (r=0 p<0 0.6610 (0.661-0 1.0531. (1.053-1. 2.0734. (2.073-4. (2 r=0 (r= p< (0.661- 1.0531 (1.053-1 2.0734 (2.073-4 r= (r (0.661 (1.053- (2.073- (0.66 (1.053 (2.073 (0.6 (1.05 (2.07 (0. (1.0 (2.0 (0 (1. (2. (1

Abstract Immature Litsea mollis fruits (ILMFs) are widely used as cold appetizers and seasonings in China. The free and bound volatile components of ILMFs from five distinct regions of China were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) in the present work. The results reveal sixty six free-form volatiles and fifty two bound-form volatiles in ILMFs and terpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated terpenes are the dominate components. In addition, sixty-seven volatile compounds are found in Litsea mollis fruit for the first time. The free α-pinene, eucalyptol, linalool, α,β-citral, geraniol and citronellal, and bound β-myrcene, α-citral, geraniol, citronellal and eugenol are the major odor contributors of ILMFs. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that the free and bound volatiles profiles of ILMFs of Fujian and Guangxi in southern China are similar and those of Yunnan and Sichuan in southwestern China are similar. The odor profiles of all of the ILMFs are floral, fruity and herbaceous.

Abstract Bacteria play the most important role in the fermentation process of Dongcai. At present, the flora in the fermentation process of Dazu Dongcai have not been detected. The physicochemical indexes association with microbiota changes during fermentation have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to explored the correlations between microbial communities and physicochemical indexes during Dazu Dongcai fermentation. Dazu Dongcai samples including five time points were prepared for four year during the spontaneous fermentation process. Microbial community dynamics and associated biochemical changes were characterized using metagenomics sequencing technology and physiochemical properties determination to identify associations between microorganisms and fermentation characteristics. These results indicated that Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Terrisporobacter, Blautia, Romboutsia, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus dominated the whole fermentation process, which were strongly correlated with the physical and chemical indexes. These flora have promoting function during fermentation and may affect the quality of Dongcai. This study provides new detailed insights into the succession of microbial communities and their potential roles in Dazu Dongcai fermentation, so as to establish a correlation analysis model of key factors in the pickling process of Dazu Dongcai, which can lay a foundation for the standardized production of Dazu Dongcai.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to observe the regularity of blood glucose changes in hemodialysis patients with diabetes, time of onset of hypoglycemia and blood glucose level during dialysis, and to explore the sensitive early warning indicators of hypoglycemia in dialysis patients. BACKGROUND: Diabetes patients have a high incidence of hypoglycemia during hemodialysis. METHODS: A total of 124 maintenance hemodialysis patients with diabetes were selected for this study. Before dialysis, one, two, and three h after dialysis, and when hypoglycemia symptoms occurred, the blood glucose changes were monitored, the blood glucose drop range was observed when hypoglycemia symptoms occurred, and the correlation between the two was analyzed. RESULTS: After the start of the dialysis, the patient’s blood glucose showed a downward trend. The symptoms of hypoglycemia were most obvious within one-two hours, with an incidence rate of 57.9%. When the blood glucose drop percentage reached 37.7%, the specificity and sensitivity of early warning hypoglycemia symptoms were 84.6 and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For hemodialysis patients with diabetes, attention should be paid to the symptoms of hypoglycemia during dialysis, and blood glucose should be monitored before dialysis and after 1-2 h of dialysis. If the blood glucose drop percentage is greater than 37.7%, the timely measures should be taken.

Abstract This study optimized using a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method for extracting volatile aroma compounds, terpenoids in particular, from Litsea mollis Hemsl. immature fruit (LMIF). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to separate and identify volatile terpenoids in LMIF. The types of SPME fiber coating, salt addition, and desorption time were optimized by single factor-experiments to determine the range of extraction temperature. Built on insights from the single factor-experiments, the response surface methodology was further used to optimize the extraction temperature, extraction time, and equilibrium time of HS-SPME. The results showed that the optimal HS-SPME conditions for extracting volatile terpenoids from LMIF were: 50/30 μm of DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fiber, 2.0 g of added sodium chloride, desorption at a temperature of 250 °C for 3 min, extraction and equilibrium temperature of 46 °C, extraction time of 36 min, and equilibrium time of 20 min. Under the above conditions, the predicted value of extraction was 66.92, while the experimental value was 65.78. The prediction value matched well with the experimental value with good repeatability. The designed model was proven to be valid, which can be applied for future extraction of aroma compounds from IMIF.

ABSTRACT At present, most large machinery and vehicle engines are electronically controlled but their electronic control systems are too expensive to be popularised and applied in small gasoline engines with relatively low prices. Therefore, small gasoline engines still use mechanical speed regulators. Mechanical speed regulators not only have the defects of inertia lag, friction resistance, inherent speed regulation and the like, but also have the disadvantage that dynamic performance and steady performance cannot be combined, which is not suitable for the increasingly improved speed regulation performance of gasoline engines. This paper describes the design of an electronically controlled intelligent governor for small gasoline engines. Starting from a low cost, it adopts the idea of “replacing part of the hardware with an intelligent sensing algorithm” and proposes an intelligent sensing algorithm scheme. It combines the “coarse tuning” of MAP and the “fine tuning” of adaptive expert PID. The system is proved experimentally and it not only overcomes the inherent defects of a mechanical governor and realises programmable speed regulation, but it also obtains good dynamic and steady performance, improves the power output of the engine, relieves the trouble of engine travelling and improves the freedom of carburetor matching.

Abstract Under the conditions of weak basis and the reaction temperature range of 110-150 °C, lysine, arginine and histidine were reacted with L-ascorbic acid at equal amount for 30-150 min, respectively and the formation of browning products was monitored with UV–vis spectrometry. The kinetic characteristics of their non-enzymatic browning reaction were investigated. The study results indicated that the non-enzymatic browning reaction of these three amino acids with L-ascorbic acid to form browning products was zero-order reaction. The apparent activation energies for the formation of browning products from L-ascorbic acid/lysine, L-ascorbic acid/arginine and L-ascorbic acid/histidine systems were 54.94, 50.08 and 35.31kJ/mol. The activation energy data indicated the degree of effects of reaction temperature on non-enzymatic browning reaction. Within the temperature range of 110-150 °C, the reaction rate of L-ascorbic acid/lysine system was the fastest one, followed by that of the L-ascorbic acid/arginine system. The reaction rate of L-ascorbic acid/histidine system was the slowest one. Based on the observed kinetic data, the formation mechanisms of browning products were proposed.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on the content of triglyceride (TG), as well as on the gene and protein expressions of adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) so as to provide theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism by which 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates TG. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=25), with different treatments and detected the gene and protein expressions of AdipoR2, p38MAPK, and LPL in the liver tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Meanwhile, the content of TG in the liver tissue was detected by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expression of AdipoR2, p38MAPK, LPL gene and protein in the liver of VitD intervention group was significantly higher than that in T2DM group (P <0.05), while the TG content was significantly lower than that in T2DM group (P <0.05). Conclusion: 1,25(OH)2D3 can decrease the content of TG in the liver, and its mechanism may be achieved by upregulating the expressions of AdipoR2, p38MAPK, and LPL in the liver.

This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) in the expression of tight junction proteins and permeability alterations in rat glomerular endothelial cells (rGENCs) under hypoxia conditions. The expression level of HIF-2α and tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) in rGENCs were examined following 5% oxygen density exposure at different treatment times. HIF-2α lentivirus transfection was used to knockdown HIF-2α expression. Cells were divided into four groups: 1) control group (rGENCs were cultured under normal oxygen conditions), 2) hypoxia group (rGENCs were cultured under hypoxic conditions), 3) negative control group (rGENCs were infected with HIF-2α lentivirus negative control vectors and cultured under hypoxic conditions), and 4) Len group (rGENCs were transfected with HIF-2α lentivirus and cultured under hypoxic conditions). The hypoxia, negative control, and Len groups were kept in a hypoxic chamber (5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2) for 24 h and the total content of occludin and ZO-1, and the permeability of rGENCs were assessed. With increasing hypoxia time, the expression of HIF-2α gradually increased, while the expression of occludin decreased, with a significant difference between groups. ZO-1 expression gradually decreased under hypoxia conditions, but the difference between the 24 and 48 h groups was not significant. The permeability of cells increased following 24-h exposure to hypoxia compared to the control group (P<0.01). The knockdown of HIF-2α expression significantly increased occludin and ZO-1 content compared with hypoxia and negative control groups (P<0.01), while permeability was reduced (P<0.01). Hypoxia increased HIF-2α content, inducing permeability of rGENCs through the reduced expression of occludin and ZO-1.

Resumo Introdução: O papel da ativação de plaquetas na inflamação alérgica recebeu atenção crescente. A imunoterapia sublingual para rinite alérgica pode modificar o processo imunológico a um alérgeno, em vez de tratar os sintomas simplesmente. Objetivo: Explorar o papel da ativação plaquetária durante a imunoterapia sublingual em crianças com rinite alérgica. Método: Quarenta e duas crianças com rinite alérgica sensibilizadas por ácaros de poeira domiciliar (APD) foram inscritas e receberam extrato de alérgeno de APD para imunoterapia sublingual ou placebo. O soro de diferentes pontos no tempo durante o tratamento foi recolhido e usado para a detecção de fator 4 plaquetário e concentração de beta-tromboglobulina por ensaio imunoenzimático. Resultados: Nossos dados mostraram diminuição da expressão de fator 4 plaquetário e proteína beta-tromboglobulina após imunoterapia sublingual de um ano. Além disso, a diminuição dos escores de sintomas e o fator 4 plaquetário sérico e concentrações de proteína beta-tromboglobulina foram relacionados de maneira positiva. Conclusão: Durante imunoterapia sublingual, a ativação plaquetária foi inibida significativamente. Os nossos resultados podem indicar que a inibição da ativação de plaquetas dentro da circulação sistêmica é um mecanismo importante durante imunoterapia sublingual.

Abstract Introduction: The role of platelet activation in allergic inflammation is receiving increasing attention. Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis can modify the immunological process to an allergen, rather than simply treating symptoms. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the role of platelet activation during sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis. Methods: Forty-two House Dust Mite - sensitized children with allergic rhinitis were enrolled and received House Dust Mite allergen extract for sublingual immunotherapy or placebo. Serum of different time points during treatment was collected and used for detection of Platelet Factor-4 and Beta-Thromboglobulin concentration by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. Results: Our data showed decreased expression of Platelet Factor-4 and Beta-Thromboglobulin protein after one year's sublingual immunotherapy. In addition, the decrease of symptom scores and serum Platelet Factor-4 and Beta-Thromboglobulin protein concentrations was positively related. Conclusion: During sublingual immunotherapy, platelet activation was inhibited significantly. Our results might indicate that inhibition of platelet activation within the systemic circulation is an important mechanism during sublingual immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT Quantifying the effects of environmental conditions on grain quality of foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv.) is critical for large-scale promotion of high-quality foxtail millet according to local conditions. We analyzed quantitative correlation between grain quality of foxtail millet and environmental factors during the growing season (May-September) using multivariate statistical analysis under different ecological conditions at five representative locations across Shanxi Province, China. Based on the results of principal component analysis, the first principal component, which explained 58.22% of total variance in grain quality, was selected to represent the comprehensive quality of foxtail millet. The results of gray relational analysis showed that the difference in grain quality across different locations was mainly affected by altitude (grey relational grade [GRG] = 0.8137), followed by precipitation (GRG = 0.7744), diurnal temperature range (GRG = 0.6816), latitude (GRG = 0.5417), sunshine hours (GRG = 0.5052), and ≥ 20 °C accumulated temperature (GRG = 0.4517). The precipitation of July and diurnal temperature range of July-September had the greatest effect on grain quality of foxtail millet. Stepwise regression and path analyses revealed that altitude, precipitation, and ≥ 20 °C accumulated temperature were the major environmental factors affecting grain quality of foxtail millet, which determined 99% of total variance in grain quality. Altitude and precipitation exhibited a significant positive effect, while ≥ 20 °C accumulated temperature showed a significant negative effect. The regression equation proposed in this study (P = 0.0048, R2 = 0.99) can be used to predict and forecast grain quality of foxtail millet.