RESUMO O presente estudo visou investigar a força de atrito durante o processo de separação da batata do solo, bem como os fatores e padrões que influenciam essa força, além de estabelecer um sistema de teste para medir a força de atrito das batatas. Verificou-se que a massa da batata, a velocidade da manivela e a inclinação da peneira têm um impacto significativo na força de atrito ao longo da superfície da peneira. A interação entre a massa da batata e a velocidade da manivela tem o maior impacto na força de atrito ao longo da superfície da peneira. Além disso, sob os mesmos fatores - massa da batata entre 200-400 g, velocidade da manivela em 200 r min-1 e ângulo inclinado da peneira em 14.7°, a força de atrito das batatas ao longo da superfície com o solo é muito maior do que ao longo da superfície sem solo, variando entre 2,32 e 4,85. Verificouse Verificou se disso 200400 400 200-40 g 20 min1 min 1 min- 147 14 7 14.7° 232 2 32 2,3 485 4 85 4,85 20040 40 200-4 14.7 23 3 2, 48 8 4,8 2004 200- 14. 4,

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the friction force on potatoes in the process of potato-soil separation, its influencing factors and laws, and establish a testing system of potato-friction force. It was verified that the potato mass, crank speed, and sieve inclination significantly affected the potato’s friction force along the sieve surface. The interaction of potato mass and crank speed had the greatest effect on the friction force on the potato along the sieve surface. In addition, under the same factors of potato mass of 200~400 g, crank speed of 200 r min-1, and sieve inclination of 14.7°, the friction force of potato along the sieve surface with soil was much greater than that along the sieve surface without soil, ranging between 2.32 and 4.85. potatosoil separation laws potatofriction potatos s addition 200400 400 200~40 g 20 min1, min1 min 1, 1 min-1 147 14 7 14.7° 232 2 32 2.3 485 4 85 4.85 20040 40 200~4 min- 14.7 23 3 2. 48 8 4.8 2004 200~ 14. 4.

RESUMO A peneira de separação de duas ordens original tem uma boa capacidade de separação batata-solo, mas causa danos significativos às batatas ao mesmo tempo em que garante uma alta taxa de evidência de batatas, o que, por sua vez, afeta a eficácia do trabalho da escavadeira de batatas. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo aprimorar a peneira de separação de balanço original com uma superfície de peneira de duas ordens para uma nova peneira de separação com uma superfície de peneira de três ordens para resolver a contradição entre a taxa obvia de batatas e os danos às batatas na operação da peneira original. Com base nisso, as características de movimentação das batatas e o desempenho de separação da nova peneira foram investigados experimentalmente no campo. O experimento foi conduzido em um campo de teste no Condado de Wuchuan, utilizando um delineamento completamente aleatório em um esquema de fator único com três fatores e cinco níveis, com cinco velocidades de manivela (140, 150, 180, 210 e 225 rpm), cinco velocidades de avanço da máquina (1,41, 1,51, 1,70, 1,89 e 2,21 km h-1) e cinco combinações de comprimento da haste de ligação do braço (250-350-1.030, 250-370-1.040, 270-370-1.050, 290-370-1.060 e 310-370-1.070 mm). Cada experimento foi repetido três vezes em cada nível, e o valor médio foi considerado como o resultado final. Os resultados experimentais demonstram que a nova peneira de separação de três ordens pode garantir uma alta taxa de detecção de batatas enquanto mantém uma baixa taxa de danos à casca das batatas. batatasolo, batatasolo batata solo, solo batata-solo vez Assim nisso Wuchuan níveis 140, 140 (140 150 180 21 22 rpm, rpm , rpm) 1,41, 141 1 41 (1,41 151 51 1,51 170 70 1,70 189 89 1,8 221 2 2,2 h1 h h-1 2503501.030, 2503501030 250 350 1.030, 030 (250-350-1.030 2503701.040, 2503701040 370 1.040, 040 250-370-1.040 2703701.050, 2703701050 270 1.050, 050 270-370-1.050 2903701.060 2903701060 290 1.060 060 290-370-1.06 3103701.070 3103701070 310 1.070 070 310-370-1.07 mm. mm . mm) nível final 14 (14 15 18 1,41 4 (1,4 5 1,5 17 7 1,7 8 1, 2, h- 2503501 2503501.030 250350103 25 35 1030 1.030 03 (250-350-1.03 2503701 2503701.040 250370104 37 1040 1.040 04 250-370-1.04 2703701 2703701.050 270370105 27 1050 1.050 05 270-370-1.05 2903701 2903701.06 290370106 29 1060 1.06 06 290-370-1.0 3103701 3103701.07 310370107 31 1070 1.07 07 310-370-1.0 (1 1,4 (1, 250350 2503501.03 25035010 3 103 1.03 0 (250-350-1.0 250370 2503701.04 25037010 104 1.04 250-370-1.0 270370 2703701.05 27037010 105 1.05 270-370-1.0 290370 2903701.0 29037010 106 1.0 290-370-1. 310370 3103701.0 31037010 107 310-370-1. ( 25035 2503501.0 10 (250-350-1. 25037 2503701.0 250-370-1. 27037 2703701.0 270-370-1. 29037 2903701. 1. 290-370-1 31037 3103701. 310-370-1 2503 2503501. (250-350-1 2503701. 250-370-1 2703 2703701. 270-370-1 2903 290-370- 3103 310-370- (250-350- 250-370- 270-370- 290-370 310-370 (250-350 250-370 270-370 290-37 310-37 (250-35 250-37 270-37 290-3 310-3 (250-3 250-3 270-3 290- 310- (250- 250- 270- (250 (25 (2

ABSTRACT The original two-order separating sieve has a good potato-soil separating ability, but it causes significant damage to potatoes while ensuring a high potato detection rate, which in turn affects the working effectiveness of the potato digger. Thus, it is necessary to improve the design of the original swing separation sieve with a two-order sieve surface to one with a three-order sieve surface to solve the contradiction between the potato detection and potato damage. On this basis, the movement characteristics of potatoes and the separation performance of the new sieve were experimentally investigated. The experiment was conducted in a test field in Wuchuan County using a completely randomized design in a single-factor scheme with three factors and five levels, with five crank speeds (140, 150, 180, 210 and 225 rpm), five machine forward speeds (1.41, 1.51, 1.70, 1.89 and 2.21 km h-1) and five boom-connecting rod length combinations (250-350-1,030, 250-370-1,040, 270-370-1,050, 290-370-1,060 and 310-370-1,070 mm). Each experiment was repeated three times at each level, and the average value was taken as the final result. The experimental results demonstrate that the new three-order separation sieve can ensure a high potato detection rate while maintaining a low potato skin breakage rate. twoorder two order potatosoil soil ability digger Thus threeorder basis investigated singlefactor single factor levels 140, 140 (140 150 180 21 22 rpm, rpm , rpm) 1.41, 141 1 41 (1.41 151 51 1.51 170 70 1.70 189 89 1.8 221 2 2.2 h1 h h-1 boomconnecting boom connecting 2503501,030, 2503501030 250 350 1,030, 030 (250-350-1,030 2503701,040, 2503701040 370 1,040, 040 250-370-1,040 2703701,050, 2703701050 270 1,050, 050 270-370-1,050 2903701,060 2903701060 290 1,060 060 290-370-1,06 3103701,070 3103701070 310 1,070 070 310-370-1,07 mm. mm . mm) level result 14 (14 15 18 1.41 4 (1.4 5 1.5 17 7 1.7 8 1. 2. h- 2503501 2503501,030 250350103 25 35 1030 1,030 03 (250-350-1,03 2503701 2503701,040 250370104 37 1040 1,040 04 250-370-1,04 2703701 2703701,050 270370105 27 1050 1,050 05 270-370-1,05 2903701 2903701,06 290370106 29 1060 1,06 06 290-370-1,0 3103701 3103701,07 310370107 31 1070 1,07 07 310-370-1,0 (1 1.4 (1. 250350 2503501,03 25035010 3 103 1,03 0 (250-350-1,0 250370 2503701,04 25037010 104 1,04 250-370-1,0 270370 2703701,05 27037010 105 1,05 270-370-1,0 290370 2903701,0 29037010 106 1,0 290-370-1, 310370 3103701,0 31037010 107 310-370-1, ( 25035 2503501,0 10 (250-350-1, 25037 2503701,0 250-370-1, 27037 2703701,0 270-370-1, 29037 2903701, 1, 290-370-1 31037 3103701, 310-370-1 2503 2503501, (250-350-1 2503701, 250-370-1 2703 2703701, 270-370-1 2903 290-370- 3103 310-370- (250-350- 250-370- 270-370- 290-370 310-370 (250-350 250-370 270-370 290-37 310-37 (250-35 250-37 270-37 290-3 310-3 (250-3 250-3 270-3 290- 310- (250- 250- 270- (250 (25 (2

RESUMO Um estudo foi realizado para investigar a relação entre os fatores (altura inicial, massa de tubérculo, temperatura de tubérculo e impacto material) e as variáveis características do impacto (velocidade e volume da lesão), determinado através do equipamento de teste de impacto de pêndulo. Verificou-se que o volume de contusão e a velocidade máxima aumentaram significativamente com o aumento da altura inicial, enquanto a velocidade mínima e o tempo de atingir a velocidade máxima diminuíram durante o mesmo processo de impacto. Com o incremento da massa do tubérculo, suas velocidades de impacto e tempo de atingir a velocidade máxima apresentaram alteração linear, mas o volume de contusão mudou não linearmente. Enquanto isso, as relações entre temperatura do tubérculo e parâmetros característicos de impacto foram de acordo com relações lineares. A haste de borracha de 65 Mn pode reduzir notavelmente os danos causados pelo impacto da batata devido ao seu efeito amortecedor. O volume de contusões de batata pode ser previsto com base na velocidade máxima e mínima. inicial material lesão, lesão , lesão) pêndulo Verificouse Verificou se linear linearmente isso lineares 6 amortecedor

ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the factors (initial height, tuber mass, tuber temperature and impact material) and the impact characteristic variables (impact velocity and bruise volume) as determined by pendulum impact test-rig. It was verified that bruise volume and maximum velocity significantly increased with increasing initial height, while its minimum velocity and time of reaching the maximum velocity decreased during the same impact process. With increment of tuber mass, its impact velocities and time of reaching the maximum velocity presented linear change, but the bruise volume nonlinearly changed. The relationships among tuber temperature and impact characteristic parameters were in accordance with linear relationships. The 65 Mn-rubber rod can notably reduce potato impact damage because of its cushioning effect. Potato bruise volume can be predicted based on the maximum and minimum velocity. height mass material testrig. testrig test rig. rig test-rig process change changed 6 Mnrubber Mn rubber effect

ABSTRACT To improve the complex process of judging the degree of soil fragmentation during potato-soil separation and to establish a fast and effective judging method. Soil drop experiments were performed using sandy soil from the potato growing region of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The effects of soil moisture content, hardness, volume, drop height, inclination of the separating sieve and composition of the separating sieve rod on soil fragmentation were investigated. The fractal dimension and image processing used to quantify soil fragmentation and scattering and obtain quantitative indicators of soil fragmentation. The results showed that the following factors influenced soil fragmentation in descending order of statistical significance: soil hardness, fall height and soil volume. The softer the soil was, the greater the fall height; the larger the soil volume was, the greater the fragmentation. Meanwhile the correlation between the two indicators is extremely high, simplifying assessment of the degree of soil fragmentation. This study clearly shows the influence of the intrinsic physical properties of soil and the external physical parameters of potato excavators on the characteristics of crushed soil. The results can provide a basis for improving the efficiency of potato-soil separation and designing more efficient devices for harvesting potatoes. potatosoil method Hohhot Region China content hardness investigated significance was high potatoes

ABSTRACT The need for clarity regarding the sieving characteristics of the potato-soil mixture, as provided by the swing separating sieve of a potato digger, as well as the derived problems of low potato transportation efficiency, a high potato damage rate and low potato unearthing rate, are the main reasons for this study. Dynamic tracking technology is proposed to collect the motion state of potatoes, during the process of potato and soil separation. Considering the potato conveying speed, potato unearthing rate and potato damage rate as indicators, while the sieving parameters (crank rotational speed, sieve inclination, crank radius and swing direction angle) are the influencing factors, an orthogonal regression test is carried out, where the response surface is used to analyze each factor, its influence on the screening index, and to optimize it accordingly. The test results show that there is a linear relationship between the screening parameters and indexes, with each parameter showing different contribution rates to the screening indexes. The best parameter combination is the crank rotational speed of 190 r /min, sieve inclination of 9.7°, crank radius of 40 mm and swing direction angle of 18.8°. The corresponding potato conveying speed, unearthing rate and damage rate is 0.713 m/s, 98.7% and 3.224%, respectively. After optimization, the potato conveying speed is 1.43 times higher, the unearthing rate is increased by 2.5% and the damage rate is reduced by 60%. The research results can provide theoretical support to the structural design of potato diggers.

ABSTRACT For the purpose of achieving the distribution of the potato-soil mixture and the appropriate parameters of the swing separating sieve, we conducted experiments using the 4SW-170 potato digger. The experiments consisted of two parts. In each part, the experimental factors were crank rotational speed, sieve inclination and machine forward speed. The difference is that the first part involved a single factor test, which selected the coverage of the potato-soil mixture as the evaluation indicator. In contrast, the second part involved an orthogonal test, which selected the obvious rate and damage rate as evaluation indexes. In the first part, it was observed that the coverage of the potato-soil mixture on the separating sieve reduced gradually with the increase in crank rotational speed and sieve inclination. Inversely, as the machine forward speed was raised, the coverage of the potato-soil mixture gradually increased. In the second part, when the crank rotational speed was 230 rpm, the sieve inclination became 21.1°, and the machine forward speed was 2.03 km . h-1; the optimal parameter combination was obtained. Under such conditions, the obvious rate of potato harvest could reach as high as 99.49%, and the damage rate of potato harvest could reach as low as 0.87%. The reported results may be of help in providing a reference for the design of the swing separating sieve on potato diggers.