Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore the effects of Apatinib combined with Temozolomide (TMZ) on the levels of Soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and Soluble Programmed Death-1 Ligand (sPD-L1) in patients with drug-resistant recurrent Glioblastoma (GB). Study design A total of 69 patients with recurrent GB from September 2020 to March 2022 were recruited and assigned to the control group (n = 34) and observation group (n = 35) according to different treatment options after tumor recurrence. The control group was treated with TMZ, and the observation group was treated with Apatinib combined with TMZ. Levels of sPD-1 and spd-l1, clinical efficacy, survival time and adverse reactions were observed and compared between the two groups. Results General data including gender, age, body mass index, and combined diseases indicated no statistical significance between groups (p > 0.05). Before the intervention, sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were not significantly different in the two groups (p > 0.05). After interventions, levels of PD-1 and sPD-L1 levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The objective remission rate and clinical benefit rate of the observation group were higher and overall survival and progression-free survival were longer than those of the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in major adverse reactions among patients (p > 0.05). Conclusions Apatinib combined with TMZ is safe and effective in the treatment of recurrent GB. The combined application of the two can reduce the levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1, which has important clinical application value. (TMZ PD1 PD 1 PD- sPD1 sPD (sPD-1 Death1 Death Death- sPDL1 sPDL L1 L (sPD-L1 drugresistant drug resistant . (GB) 6 202 n 34 35 recurrence sPD- spdl1, spdl1 spdl spd l1, l1 l spd-l1 efficacy gender age index p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) intervention sPD-L interventions progressionfree progression free sPDL1, L1, value (sPD- (sPD-L (GB 20 3 spd-l 00 0.0 (sPD 2 0.

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an adhesive bone conduction device (aBCD) in children with congenital single-sided deafness (SSD). Specifically, we examined whether the aBCD elicits improvement in the speech perception ability of children with congenital SSD and whether using this device would adversely affect the horizontal localisation abilities of these children. Methods: Thirteen school-aged children with SSD and seven children with Normal Hearing (NH) were included in this study. Speech perception in noise was measured using the Mandarin Speech Test Materials and sound localisation performance was evaluated using broadband noise stimuli (0.5–20 kHz), randomly played from seven loudspeakers at different stimulus levels (65-, 70-, and 75-dB SPL). Results: All children with SSD showed inferior speech perception and sound localisation performance compared with children with NH. The aBCD use remarkably improved the speech perception abilities of these children under quiet and noise conditions; however, their sound localisation abilities neither improved nor deteriorated. Conclusion: This study reveals the effectiveness and safety of a non-surgical aBCD in paediatric patients with SSD. Our results provide a theoretical basis for early hearing intervention with an aBCD in children with congenital SSD who are temporarily unable to undergo ear surgery. Level of evidence: Level 3. Objectives (aBCD singlesided single sided . (SSD) Specifically Methods schoolaged school aged NH (NH 0.5–20 0520 0 5 20 (0.5–2 kHz, kHz , kHz) 65, 65 (65- 70, 70 70- 75dB dB 75 SPL. SPL SPL) Results conditions however deteriorated Conclusion nonsurgical non surgical surgery evidence 3 (SSD 0.5–2 052 2 (0.5– 6 (65 7 0.5– 05 (0.5 (6 0.5 (0. ( 0. (0

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with obesity present multiple comorbid psychiatric conditions and experience impairments in health-related quality of life. Reliable and valid tools that evaluate health-related quality of life are essential for clinical practice. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the six-item Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II among Brazilian patients with severe obesity. METHODS: We assessed 387 patients (mean age 43 years, 78.8% women, mean body mass index of 46.5 kg/m²) on the waiting list of a bariatric surgery center. Trained research assistants concurrently applied the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Global Assessment of Functioning for assessing health-related quality of life, comorbid depressive symptoms, and patient functioning level, respectively. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II was considered acceptable. The total score was correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms and functioning level. The more body mass index increases, the more health-related quality of life worsens. The Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II presented a unidimensional structure. CONCLUSIONS: The unidimensional Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II is a reliable and valid measure for evaluating health-related quality of life in Brazilian patients with severe obesity. The questionnaire allows to quickly assess the health-related quality of life of patients in different bariatric contexts, considering depression and functional level. BACKGROUND healthrelated health related practice AIMS sixitem six item MooreheadArdelt Moorehead Ardelt METHODS 38 4 years 788 78 8 78.8 women 465 46 5 46. kg/m² kgm² kgm kg m² m center LifeII, LifeII II, MontgomeryÅsberg Montgomery Åsberg Scale level respectively RESULTS acceptable increases worsens structure CONCLUSIONS contexts 3 7 78. kg/m

RESUMO RACIONAL: Pacientes com obesidade apresentam múltiplas condições psiquiátricas comórbidas e experienciam prejuízos na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Ferramentas confiáveis e válidas que avaliam a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde são essenciais para a prática clínica. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a confiabilidade e validade do Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II de seis itens entre pacientes com obesidade grave. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 387 pacientes (idade média de 43 anos, 78,8% mulheres, índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 46,5 kg/m², na lista de espera de um centro cirurgia bariátrica. Assistentes de pesquisa treinados aplicaram simultaneamente o Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II, a Escala de Depressão de Montgomery-Åsberg e a Avaliação Global do Funcionamento para avaliar, respectivamente, a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, os sintomas depressivos comórbidos e o nível funcional do paciente. RESULTADOS: A consistência interna do Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II foi considerada aceitável. A pontuação total do Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II foi correlacionada com a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos e nível funcional. Quanto maior o IMC, menor a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. O Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II apresentou uma estrutura unidimensional. CONCLUSÕES: O questionário Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II unidimensional é confiável e válido na avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pacientes brasileiros com obesidade grave. O questionário permite avaliar rapidamente a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos pacientes em diferentes contextos, considerando depressão e nível funcional. RACIONAL clínica OBJETIVOS MooreheadArdelt Moorehead Ardelt LifeII Life II grave MÉTODOS 38 idade 4 anos 788 78 8 78,8 mulheres IMC (IMC 465 46 5 46, kgm² kgm kg m² m kg/m² bariátrica LifeII, II, MontgomeryÅsberg Montgomery Åsberg respectivamente paciente RESULTADOS aceitável CONCLUSÕES contextos 3 7 78, kg/m

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the impact of one-time high load exercise on skeletal muscle injury and analysis its mechanism in different genders. Methods: Twenty-four male and 24 female rats were divided randomly into four groups respectively: control, 0 h, 6 h, and 24 h after exercise. The activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myohemoglobin (MYO) in serum, the expression level of oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzyme, and the apoptosis related protein in quadriceps were detected. Results: The results showed that the activities of CK, LDH and MYO in serum increased immediately after exercise and restored faster in female rats. More obvious structural disorder and apoptosis in male rats were showed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased while catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were decreased in male rats. SOD, CAT and GSH were increased in female rats. Mitochondrial complex enzyme activity was decreased in males and increased in females. Conclusions: The skeletal muscle injury in both genders of rat could be induced by one-time high load exercise due to the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme dysfunction and oxidative stress, which was relatively mild and recovered quicker in female rats.

Abstract A modified QuEChERS method coupled with LC-MS/MS was developed and validated to detect 31 pesticides in wolfberry. The conditions for extraction solvent and QuEChERS purification were optimized. The validated method was applied to analyse pesticides in 200 wolfberry samples. The risk from chronic and acute dietary intake of the detected pesticide residues was assessed by the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and acute reference dose (ARfD), respectively, and the cumulative intake risk posed by the detected residues was assessed by the hazard index (HI). The results showed that 23 pesticides were detected in all wolfberry samples. The risk from chronic dietary intake was between 0.0001% and 1.6067%, and the risk from acute dietary intake was between 0.0010% and 0.4999%, which were all far below 100%. The HI was 0.02569 for chronic dietary intake and 0.015164 for acute dietary intake, which were both far below 1. The results indicated that the pesticide residues in wolfberry would not cause potential risk to human health. This work not only enhances our understanding of the potential exposure risks of pesticide residues in wolfberry, but also provides an effective method for the risk assessment of pesticide residues in other agricultural products.

Abstract Anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry (LRAs) were used to explore the anti-fatigue activities of LRAs at different concentrations in a mouse fatigue model. Eight biochemical indexes were determined in liver tissue, muscle tissue and serum. The results showed that the LRAs used in the experiment mainly contained delphinium, petunidin and malvidin. During 21 days of gavage, there was no significant difference in mouse body weight. The exercise time of the LRA-exposed mice increased. LRAs could increase serum glucose (Glu), liver/muscle glycogen and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduce the vitality of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the levels of lactic acid (LD) and serum urea nitrogen (BUN). This study indicated that LRAs can enhance exercise endurance, increase sugar reserves, scavenge free radicals and improve metabolism, thereby increasing anti-fatigue activities.

Abstract A modified QuEChERS method coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of eight biogenic amines (BAs) in Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages. The conditions of UPLC-MS/MS, extraction solvent and QuEChERS purification were optimized. The internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis. Results showed that the eight BAs exhibited good linearity (1-200 μg/L, correlation coefficient > 0.99). The limits of detection and quantification were 5 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg, respectively. The accuracy was between 80.4% and 111.4%, and the precision was less than 10%. The established method was effectively used for the determination of eight BAs in forty Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages. Results showed that tyramine was the major amine, followed by cadaverine, putrescine and spermine. Total BAs content ranged from 26.5 mg/kg to 352.9 mg/kg, the contents of BAs in Xinjiang smoked horsemeat sausages may pose a potential health risk.

Objective: Most countries fail to treat individuals with psychopathologies. Investigating treatment barriers and reasons for dropout are key elements to overcoming this scenario. Methods: A representative sample of 2,942 urban-dwelling adults was interviewed face-to-face within a cross-sectional, stratified, multistage probability survey of the general population. Psychiatric diagnosis, severity level, use of services, reasons for not seeking treatment, and treatment dropout were investigated. Results: Only 23% of individuals with a psychopathology of any severity level in the last 12 months received treatment. Low perceived need for treatment (56%) was the most common reason for not seeking treatment. The most visited settings were psychiatric, other mental health care, and general medical care. Among those with a perceived need for treatment (44%), psychological barriers were the most common reason for not seeking it. Treatment dropout was more prevalent among those who visited a general medical care setting. Among individuals still in treatment, human services and psychiatric care were the most common types. Female sex was associated with structural barriers (OR = 2.1). Disorder severity was negatively associated with need barriers (OR = 0.4), and positively associated with structural barriers (OR = 2.5) and psychological barriers (OR = 2.5). Conclusion: Despite the need for treatment and better services, psychological barriers were the major reason for not seeking treatment. Apart from providing more specialists, investing in awareness, de-stigmatization, and information is the ultimate strategy for improving psychiatric care.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk factors can mediate the association between depression and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in adult individuals with and without histories of major depression in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: This study evaluated 423 individuals without any lifetime diagnosis of major depression and 203 individuals with a previous diagnosis of major depression (n = 626). The participants underwent a psychiatric evaluation using a structured clinical interview (SCID-1), an anthropometric evaluation and a clinical evaluation that included blood pressure measurement and assessment of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and physical activity levels. RESULTS: Individuals with histories of major depression were more likely to be female (P < 0.0001). Individuals with lifetime diagnoses of major depression were more likely to be current smokers (odds ratio, OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.01-2.59) and to have diabetes (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.01-3.21); and less likely to be obese (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35-0.94). CONCLUSION: Individuals with major depression had higher odds of presenting tobacco smoking and diabetes, and lower odds of being obese. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this, so as to increase the rates of diagnosis and treatment in this population.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) on skeletal muscle and its optimal protocol. Methods This article is about an animal study of rat model of crush syndrome. Sixty rats were randomized into nine different IPostC intervention groups and a control group. The anesthetized rats were subjected to unilateral hindlimb 3-kg compression with a compression device for 6 h, followed by nine different IPostC intervention protocols. Results Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) at 3 h post-crush became 2.3-3.9 times among all 10 groups after crush. At 72 h post-crush, serum CK level was reduced to 0.28-0.53 time in all intervention groups. The creatinine (CREA) level in the control group was elevated to 3.11 times at 3 h post-crush and reduced to1.77 time at 72 h post-crush. The potassium (K+) level in the control group was elevated to 1.65 and 1.41 time at 3 and 72 h post-crush, respectively. Conclusions Our IPostC intervention protocols can effectively protect rats from crush-induced elevation of serum CK, CREA, and K+ levels. The timing of IPostC intervention should be as early as possible, to ensure the protective effect.

Objective: Presence of psychotic symptoms seems to be a commonplace in early-onset bipolar disorder (BD). However, few studies have examined their occurrence in adolescent-onset BD. We sought to investigate the frequency of affective and psychotic symptoms observed during the first manic episode in adolescents. Methods: Forty-nine adolescents with bipolar I disorder (DSM-IV criteria) were admitted to a psychiatric hospital during their first acute manic episode. Assessment for current psychiatric diagnosis was performed by direct clinical interview and the DSM-IV version of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA). Results: Teenage inpatients with BD consistently exhibited typical manic features, such as euphoria, grandiosity, and psychomotor agitation. In addition, disorganization and psychotic symptoms were present in 82 and 55% of the total sample, respectively. There was no significant difference in symptoms between early- and late-adolescent subgroups. Remarkably, most patients (76%) reported previous depressive episode(s); of these, 47% had prominent psychotic features in the prior depressive period. Conclusion: These findings suggest that disorganization and psychotic symptoms during the first manic episode are salient features in adolescent-onset BD, and that psychotic depression frequently may precede psychotic mania. Nevertheless, differential diagnosis with schizophrenia should be routinely ruled out in cases of early-onset first psychotic episode.