Ammonia contamination in water is a signifcant environmental issue since it is toxic and leads to eutrophication. Photocatalysis has been investigated as a strategy for ammonia degradation but can potentially form toxic nitrite (NO2–) and nitrate (NO3–) byproducts. This work reports on the ability of niobium oxide (Nb2O5) to photocatalytically oxidize aqueous-phase ammonia (NH3). Whereas as-synthesized Nb2O5 showed little catalytic activity (< 1% NH3 conversion after 6 h of UV-C irradiation, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and under O2 headspace), Nb2O5 treated in basic solution (OH-Nb2O5) was able to photocatalytically degrade NH3 at ca. 9% conversion after six hours, with ca. 70% selectivity to the desired N2, with a frst-order rate constant of ca. 12 times higher than the as synthesize catalyst (1.6 × 10–3 min–1 vs. 2.0 × 10–2 min–1). Raman spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of terminal Nb=O species after base treatment of Nb2O5, implicating them as catalytically active sites. These results underscore how a simple structural modifcation can signifcantly affect photocatalytic activity for aqueous ammonia oxidation. eutrophication NO2– NO2 NO (NO2– NO3– NO3 (NO3– byproducts NbO Nb O (Nb2O5 aqueousphase phase NH3. NH . (NH3) assynthesized synthesized Nb2O < ( 1 UVC UV C irradiation pressure headspace, headspace , headspace) OHNb2O5 OHNbO OH (OH-Nb2O5 ca 9 hours 70 N2 N frstorder frst order 1.6 16 (1. 103 10 3 10– min1 min min– vs 20 2 0 2. 102 min–1. min–1) sites oxidation (NO2 (NO3 (Nb2O (NH3 OHNb OHNb2O (OH-Nb2O 7 1. (1 (NO (NH

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety between ultrasound- and computed tomography-guided pulsed radiofrequency in treating ophthalmic branch postherpetic neuralgia. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on data of 84 patients with ophthalmic branch postherpetic neuralgia. According to the puncture guiding method, the patients were divided into the ultrasound- and computed tomography-guided groups, which received the ultrasound- and computed tomography-guided supraorbital nerve pulsed radiofrequency treatment, respectively. The puncture time, numeric rating scale pain score before pulsed radiofrequency and after pulsed radiofrequency, effective rate of treatment, and intraoperative and postoperative adverse events were observed. RESULTS: The puncture time in the ultrasound-guided group was significantly shorter than that in the computed tomography-guided group (p<0.05). At 1, 4, and 12 weeks after pulsed radiofrequency, in two groups, the numeric rating scale pain score was significantly lower than that before pulsed radiofrequency, respectively (p<0.05). At each time, the numeric rating scale pain score showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). At 12 weeks after pulsed radiofrequency, there was no significant difference in the effective rate of treatment between the two groups (p>0.05). During the intraoperative and postoperative periods, the incidences of adverse event hematoma and oculocardiac reflex in the ultrasound-guided group were significantly lower than those in the computed tomography-guided group, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both ultrasound- and computed tomography-guided supraorbital nerve pulsed radiofrequencys have good efficacy in treating the ophthalmic branch postherpetic neuralgia. Compared with the computed tomography-guided pulsed radiofrequency, the ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency has faster puncture operation and is safer. It is more worthy of clinical applications. OBJECTIVE ultrasound tomographyguided tomography guided neuralgia METHODS 8 method observed RESULTS ultrasoundguided p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) 1 4 p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) periods CONCLUSIONS safer applications p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (p< (p> (p

RESUMEN Introducción Las lesiones deportivas en el fútbol son difícilmente evitables debido a las características de las batallas como el intenso conflicto y la alta competitividad relacionada con el fútbol. Objetivo Investigar las lesiones deportivas más comunes en los futbolistas profesionales. Métodos Se llevó a cabo una encuesta con 365 respuestas válidas, incluyendo 198 jugadores y 177 jugadoras de fútbol profesional. Los datos se recogieron y distribuyeron mediante el programa informático Excel. Resultados Entre las lesiones deportivas en los atletas de fútbol profesional, las lesiones menores son más frecuentes, y los miembros inferiores son los más afectados. La causa subjetiva de estas lesiones es principalmente el exceso de trabajo. Entre las causas objetivas, son inevitables muchas lesiones provocadas por las características deportivas del fútbol, que tienen una fuerte relación con los factores intrínsecos del deporte. Actualmente, el tratamiento de las lesiones tiende a combinar la medicina tradicional china con las ventajas de la medicina occidental. Conclusión Se recomienda a los atletas una concentración constante durante la práctica del deporte. Los entrenadores deben verificar la seguridad de los deportistas, tomando precauciones para reducir al máximo las lesiones, y mejorar el nivel competitivo del deportista, prolongando su actividad profesional. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. profesionales 36 válidas 19 17 profesional Excel frecuentes afectados trabajo objetivas deporte Actualmente occidental deportistas deportista II 3 1

RESUMO Introdução As lesões esportivas do futebol dificilmente são evitadas devido as características de batalhas como o intenso conflito e a competitividade de alto nível relacionadas ao futebol. Objetivo Investigar as lesões esportivas mais acometidas nos jogadores profissionais de futebol. Métodos Efetuou-se uma pesquisa por questionário com 365 retornos válidos, incluindo 198 homens e 177 mulheres profissionais do esporte. Os dados foram coletados e distribuídos através do software Excel. Resultados Entre as lesões esportivas de atletas profissionais de futebol, as lesões de menor grau são mais frequentes, sendo os membros inferiores os mais afetados. A causa subjetiva dessas lesões é principalmente o excesso de trabalho. Entre as causas objetivas, muitas lesões causadas pelas características esportivas do futebol são inevitáveis, possuindo uma forte conexão com os fatores intrínsecos do esporte. Atualmente, o tratamento das lesões tende a combinar a medicina tradicional chinesa com as vantagens da medicina ocidental. Conclusão Recomenda-se aos atletas um foco constante durante a prática o esporte. Os treinadores devem verificar a segurança dos atletas, tomando precauções para reduzir ao máximo as lesões e melhorar o nível competitivo do atleta, prolongando sua atividade profissional. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Efetuouse Efetuou se 36 válidos 19 17 esporte Excel frequentes afetados trabalho objetivas inevitáveis Atualmente ocidental Recomendase Recomenda atleta profissional II 3 1

ABSTRACT Introduction Sports injuries in soccer are hardly avoided due to the characteristics of battles, such as intense conflict and high-level competitiveness related to soccer. Objective Investigate the most common sports injuries in professional soccer players. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out with 365 valid returns, including 198 male and 177 female professional soccer players. Data were collected and distributed using Excel software. Results Among sports injuries in professional soccer athletes, minor injuries are more frequent, and the lower limbs are the most affected. The subjective cause of these injuries is mainly overwork. Among the objective causes, many injuries caused by the sports characteristics of soccer are inevitable, having a strong connection with the intrinsic factors of the sport. Treating injuries combines traditional Chinese medicine with the advantages of Western medicine. Conclusion It is recommended that athletes focus constantly on their injuries while playing the sport. Coaches should verify the safety of the athletes, taking precautions to reduce injuries as much as possible and improve the athlete’s competitive level, prolonging his professional activity. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. battles highlevel high level players 36 returns 19 17 software frequent affected overwork causes inevitable sport athlete s activity II outcomes 3 1

ABSTRACT PreS/S gene mutations could impact virus secretion, infection and immune evasion. However, the relationship between PreS/S mutations and intrauterine transmission has not yet been clarified. Thus, we aimed to explore the associations between PreS/S gene mutations of HBV isolated from mothers and intrauterine transmission. We analyzed the mutations of PreS/S regions of the HBV genome in mothers with HBV DNA levels ≥ 106 IU/mL whose neonates experienced HBV intrauterine transmission (transmission group, GT) and those whose neonates did not experience intrauterine transmission (control group, GC) analyzed using clone-based sequencing. In total, 206 sequences were successfully amplified, including 98 sequences (from 21 mothers) from GT and 108 sequences (from 20 mothers) from GC of genotype C for mutational analysis. Among the 1203 nucleotides of PreS/S regions, there were 219 (18.20%) base substitutions, of which 103 (47.03%) base mutations caused amino acid changes. F80S, A90V and I68T were mutation hotspots. Mothers in GT had a higher mutation rate of A90V in the PreS1 gene than mothers in GC. The A90V mutation increased the risk of HBV intrauterine transmission after adjusting the maternal age and the mode of delivery (OR = 6.23, 95% CI: 1.18–32.97). Moreover, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for intrauterine transmission due to A90V and a combination of A90V with the mode of delivery were 0.723 (95% CI: 0.575 to 0.891, P = 0.011) and 0.848 (95% CI: 0.723 to 0.972, P < 0.001), respectively. Mothers with the A90V mutation in the PreS1 gene may be a potential risk factor for HBV intrauterine transmission. PreSS PreS S secretion evasion However clarified Thus 10 IUmL IU mL group control clonebased clone based sequencing total amplified 9 2 analysis 120 18.20% 1820 18 (18.20% substitutions 47.03% 4703 47 03 (47.03% changes F80S FS F AV A V IT I T hotspots OR 623 6 23 6.23 95 CI 1.18–32.97. 1183297 1.18–32.97 . 1 32 97 1.18–32.97) Moreover AUC (AUC 0723 0 723 0.72 (95 0575 575 0.57 0891 891 0.891 0.011 0011 011 0848 848 0.84 0972 972 0.972 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) respectively 12 18.20 182 (18.20 47.03 470 4 (47.03 62 6.2 118329 1.18–32.9 3 072 72 0.7 (9 057 57 0.5 089 89 0.89 0.01 01 084 84 0.8 097 0.97 000 0.00 00 18.2 (18.2 47.0 (47.0 6. 11832 1.18–32. 07 7 0. ( 05 5 08 8 0.0 09 0.9 18. (18. 47. (47. 1183 1.18–32 (18 (47 118 1.18–3 (1 (4 11 1.18– 1.18 1.1 1.

Pilot trials have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may reduce limb spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We carried out the current meta-analysis to synthesize currently available evidence regarding such correlation. Up to November 2022, five international electronic databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and four Chinese electronic databases (CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP) were systematically searched to identify randomized trials comparing active rTMS and sham stimulation in patients with MS-related spasticity. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on study design, quality, clinical outcomes, and time points measured. The primary outcome was clinical spasticity relief after intervention. Secondary outcomes included spasticity at the follow-up visit 2 weeks later and post-treatment fatigue. Of 831 titles found, we included 8 studies (181 participants) in the quantitative analysis. Pooled analyses showed that rTMS therapy was associated with significant spasticity relief in the early post-intervention period [standardized mean differences (SMD): -0.67; 95%CI: -1.12 to -0.21], but there was insufficient evidence for rTMS in reducing spasticity at the follow-up visit 2 weeks later (SMD: -0.17; 95%CI: -0.52 to 0.17) and fatigue (SMD: -0.26; 95%CI: -0.84 to 0.31). This evidence supports the recommendations to treat MS-related spasticity with rTMS, but underlines the need for further large randomized trials. (rTMS MS. MS . (MS) metaanalysis meta analysis correlation 2022 Cochrane CENTRAL PubMed Embase Science CINAHL CBM, CBM (CBM CNKI Data VIP MSrelated related design quality measured intervention followup follow up posttreatment post treatment 83 found 181 (18 participants postintervention standardized SMD (SMD) 0.67 067 0 67 -0.67 95%CI 95CI CI 95 1.12 112 1 12 -1.1 0.21, 021 0.21 , 21 -0.21] (SMD 0.17 017 17 -0.17 0.52 052 52 -0.5 0.26 026 26 -0.26 0.84 084 84 -0.8 0.31. 031 0.31 31 0.31) (MS 202 18 (1 0.6 06 6 -0.6 9 1.1 11 -1. 02 0.2 -0.21 0.1 01 -0.1 0.5 05 5 -0. -0.2 0.8 08 03 0.3 3 20 ( 0. 1. -1 -0 -

RESUMO Introdução O aprimoramento das habilidades esportivas do futebol depende de muitos esforços de treinamento e está intimamente relacionado com métodos científicos intrínsecos. Atenção na qualidade integral dos músculos dos membros inferiores e a realização de exercícios específicos de movimentos técnicos é essencial para atingir o estado ótimo da performance física nos jogadores. Objetivo Analisar o efeito cinemático das técnicas de movimento dos membros inferiores no treinamento de futebol. Métodos 10 atletas foram marcados com esferas reflexivas e submetidos ao método de treinamento cinemático dos membros inferiores desenhado pelos treinadores num período de 60 minutos, três vezes por semana, durante 6 semanas. Antes e depois do experimento, os dados capturados por esferas reflexivas foram capturados, comparados, classificados e analisados. Resultados O treinamento cinemático pode otimizar efetivamente o tempo de movimento, amplitude de balanço, ângulo de balanço e outros aspectos da estrutura mecânica dos membros inferiores, melhorando assim o dispêndio energético e tornando o movimento conciso, transmitindo força e precisão. Conclusão Os treinadores devem estudar seriamente os princípios da análise cinemática aplicada, otimizar o programa de treinamento do ponto de vista científico, pois o nível esportivo dos atletas é melhorado significativamente com a adição desse feedback em tempo real. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos desfechos do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The improvement of soccer sports skills depends on many training efforts and is closely related to intrinsic scientific methods. Attention to the integral quality of the lower limb muscles and the performance of specific exercises of technical movements is essential to reach the optimal state of physical performance in players. Objective Analyze the kinematic effect of lower limb movement techniques in soccer training. Methods 10 athletes were marked with reflective spheres and submitted to the kinematic training method of the lower limbs designed by the coaches in 60 minutes, three times a week, for six weeks. Before and after the experiment, data captured by reflective spheres were captured, compared, classified, and analyzed. Results Kinematic training can effectively optimize movement time, swing amplitude, swing angle, and other aspects of lower limb mechanical structure, thus improving energy expenditure and making the movement concise, conveying strength and precision. Conclusion Trainers should seriously study the principles of applied kinematic analysis and optimize the training program from a scientific point of view because the athletic level of athletes is significantly improved with this real-time feedback. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción La mejora de las capacidades deportivas en el fútbol depende de muchos esfuerzos de entrenamiento y está estrechamente relacionada con métodos científicos intrínsecos. La atención sobre la calidad integral de los músculos de los miembros inferiores y la realización de ejercicios específicos de movimientos técnicos es esencial para alcanzar el estado óptimo del rendimiento físico en los jugadores. Objetivo Analizar el efecto cinemático de las técnicas de movimiento del miembro inferior en el entrenamiento de fútbol. Métodos 10 atletas fueron marcados con esferas reflectantes y sometidos al método de entrenamiento cinemático de los miembros inferiores diseñado por los entrenadores en un período de 60 minutos, tres veces por semana, durante 6 semanas. Antes y después del experimento, se capturaron, compararon, clasificaron y analizaron los datos captados por las esferas reflectantes. Resultados El entrenamiento cinemático puede optimizar eficazmente el tiempo de movimiento, la amplitud del balanceo, el ángulo de balanceo y otros aspectos de la estructura mecánica de las extremidades inferiores, mejorando así el gasto de energía y haciendo que el movimiento sea conciso, transmitiendo fuerza y precisión. Conclusión Los entrenadores deberían estudiar seriamente los principios del análisis cinemático aplicado, optimizar el programa de entrenamiento desde un punto de vista científico, ya que el nivel atlético de los deportistas mejora significativamente con la incorporación de esta información en tiempo real. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapêuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução O fortalecimento do core é um dos principais métodos para condicionamento físico em jogadores de futebol de elite, porém não há analises sobre o impacto desse método em jovens jogadores. Objetivo Analisar Impacto do fortalecimento do core no treino de futebol em colegiais. Métodos Nesse artigo são utilizadas estatísticas matemáticas para estudar a aplicação do fortalecimento do core no futebol para atletas. Com base nesses resultados, analisa-se o papel e a influência do treino de fortalecimento do core sobre as habilidades no treino do futebol colegial. Resultados Após a implementação do fortalecimento do core, tanto os indicadores de aptidão física dos atletas quanto as habilidades no futebol foram significativamente melhorados. Conclusão O fortalecimento do core pode melhorar a estabilidade e o equilíbrio dos jogadores além de contribuir para a uma maior efetividade no treinamento físico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction The strengthening of the CORE is one of the essential methods for physical conditioning on elite soccer players, but there are no analyses on the impact of this method on young players. Objective Analyze the strength training impact on the CORE in high school soccer players. Methods This article uses mathematical statistics to study the application of strengthening of the CORE in soccer training for athletes. Based on these results, the role and influence of CORE strengthening training on skills in collegiate soccer training are analyzed. Results After implementing CORE strengthening, both athletes’ fitness indicators and soccer skills were significantly improved. Conclusion Strengthening the CORE can improve players’ stability and balance and contribute to greater effectiveness in physical training. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMEN Introducción El fortalecimiento del core es uno de los principales métodos de acondicionamiento físico en los futbolistas de élite, pero no existen análisis sobre el impacto de este método en los jugadores jóvenes. Objetivo Analizar el impacto del fortalecimiento del core en el entrenamiento de fútbol en jugadores de secundaria. Métodos En este artículo se utiliza la estadística matemática para estudiar la aplicación del fortalecimiento del core en el fútbol para los atletas. A partir de estos resultados, se analiza el papel y la influencia del entrenamiento de fortalecimiento del core en las habilidades en el entrenamiento del fútbol universitario. Resultados Tras la aplicación del fortalecimiento del core, los indicadores de aptitud física y las habilidades futbolísticas de ambos atletas mejoraron significativamente. Conclusión El fortalecimiento del core puede mejorar la estabilidad y el equilibrio de los jugadores, además de contribuir a una mayor eficacia en el entrenamiento físico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

RESUMO Introdução: O treino excessivo no futebol é causado por um desequilíbrio entre a carga corporal, o estresse e a recuperação. O treinamento físico não científico de alto volume e as partidas contínuas de futebol de alta intensidade costumam ser as principais razões do treinamento excessivo dos atletas. Objetivo: Este artigo explora as características das mudanças de função física dos jogadores de futebol durante um ciclo completo de treinamento. Métodos: Usamos métodos experimentais para analisar as mudanças nas características de carga física de jogadores de futebol durante o treinamento de alta intensidade. Resultados: Os indicadores de creatina quinase, nitrogênio da ureia sanguínea e transporte de oxigênio não significativamente durante o treinamento de futebol. A testosterona e o cortisol aumentam gradualmente com o aumento da carga dos exercícios. Conclusões: No treinamento de futebol, precisamos organizar razoavelmente o volume total do exercício, sua intensidade e o tempo de intervalo dos atletas, de acordo com a adaptabilidade física e habilidade atlética do treinador, e com medidas de recuperação nutricional e de entusiasmo. Esses métodos podem melhorar ou aprimorar a função física dos jogadores de futebol. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Overtraining in football is caused by an imbalance between body load, stress, and recovery. High-volume non-scientific physical training and continuous high-intensity football matches are often the main reasons for the overtraining of athletes. Objective: This article explores the characteristics of the changes in physical function of football players during a complete training cycle. Methods: We use experimental methods to analyze the changes in the physical load characteristics of football players during high-intensity training. Results: Creatine kinase, urea nitrogen, and oxygen transport indicators did not change significantly during football training. Testosterone and cortisol will gradually increase with an increase of exercise load. Conclusion: In football training, we need to reasonably arrange the total exercise volume, exercise intensity, and exercise interval time of the athletes according to the trainer’s physical adaptability and athletic ability, supplemented with nutrition and enthusiasm recovery measures. These methods can improve or enhance the physical function of football players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: El sobreentrenamiento en el fútbol es causado por un desequilibrio entre la carga corporal, el estrés y la recuperación. El entrenamiento físico de alto volumen no científico y los partidos de fútbol continuos de alta intensidad suelen ser las principales razones del sobreentrenamiento de los atletas. Objetivo: Este artículo explora las características de los cambios en la función física de los jugadores de fútbol durante un ciclo completo de entrenamiento. Métodos: Utilizamos métodos experimentales para analizar los cambios en las características de la carga física de los jugadores de fútbol durante el entrenamiento de alta intensidad. Resultados: Los indicadores de creatina quinasa, nitrógeno ureico en la sangre y transporte de oxígeno no fueron significativos durante el entrenamiento. La testosterona y el cortisol aumentan gradualmente con el aumento de la carga de ejercicios. Conclusiones: En el entrenamiento de fútbol, se debe organizar razonablemente el volumen total de ejercicios, la intensidad y el tiempo de intervalo de los atletas en función del acondicionamiento físico y la capacidad atlética del entrenador, y con medidas de recuperación nutricional y de entusiasmo. Estos métodos pueden mejorar o potenciar la función física de los jugadores de fútbol. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of catalpa seed oil (CSO) and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on body weight and intestinal flora in mice. The results showed that the addition of 10% w/t CSO or PSO had a more significant effect than control (soybean oil) on reducing the body mass index of mice, which was reduced by 24.94% ± 0.08% (p < 0.01) and 25.88% ± 0.11% (p < 0.01), respectively. Histological observations indicated that no significant changes in the development and structure of mouse intestinal tissue were detected as a result of CSO and PSO. Using bioinformatics technology, CSO and PSO were used to study the clustering of operational taxonomic units and the relative abundance of microorganisms in intestinal bacteria. The analysis found that both functional lipids could reduce the relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria. It is suggested that CSO and PSO have a regulatory effect on the structure of intestinal microflora in mice. The development reported in this paper provided theoretical support for the functional research and in-depth development of CSO and PSO.

Abstract Skin whitening has become one of the aesthetic problems among humans around the world, especially on women which is highly attention to skin beauty and whitening. Many of the plant extracts in oral energy drinks have whitening effects and good taste, which can support the health of the skin. We use the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as a search engine to find literatures about skin whitening, oral plant extracts. This review mainly introduces the mechanism of skin whitening and the application of oral plant extracts in skin whitening. Skin whitening at melanin synthesis, melanosome transport, metabolism, oxidative stress, UV stimulation, other environmental stimulation inseparable. Many oral plant extracts are natural tyrosine inhibitors. The review concludes the melanin synthesis and transporting, pathway of melanin synthesis, whitening mechanism and the function of whitening on Green tea polyphenols, Rose Petal Extract (Rosa gallica), Pears, Peony, Rosa roxburghii Tratt, Olive (Olea europaea L.), Pomegranates, Phyllanthus emblica L., Mulberry extract, Açaí berry, saussurea involucrate flavonoids extract, etc. These will provide a strong foundation for the application of oral plant extracts in skin whitening. Furthermore, the mixture with function of skin whitening/ skin anti-aging / anti-inflammatory antioxidant oral plant extract can be a good candidate for further development on skin care product.

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that Radix Astragali can inhibit gastric ulcers in mice. Anhydrous ethanol (0.01 mL/g) administered to mice by intragastric infusion can induce gastric ulcer injury. This study was performed to compare the stomach tissue distribution profiles of four major bioactive constituents of Radix Astragali(calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, calycosin, ononin and formononetin) after oral administration of extract of Radix Astragali (ERA)in normal and gastric ulcer mice. The abundance of Radix Astragali constituents was determined using an ultra-pressure liquid chromatograph with a photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA), after which histograms were drawn. In comparison with normal mice, the contents of calycosin- 7-O-β-d-glucoside, calycosin, ononin and formononetin in the stomach tissue samples of gastric ulcer mice showed significant differences at the selected time points (P < 0.05).The abundance of each of the four tested constituents in the normal groups was higher than that of the gastric ulcer groups. This study provides an empirical foundation for future studies focused on developing clinical applications of Radix Astragali.

Abstract The modern process of new drug discovery and development is an exciting, yet a challenging, endeavor. Although it can result in significant financial income and meet the medical needs of patients, it ultimately may result in failure. To achieve a fast and successful new product discovery and development process, natural products which are evolutionarily optimized as drug-like molecules have gained great attention as better potential sources of new chemical entities. Historically, plant species containing berberine are used in various traditional phytotherapy. However, despite the various therapeutic effects it exerts, berberine is not yet developed into a drug product. Addressing the barriers that hinder its successful development and the efforts made to overcome them is thus crucial. The toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of berberine are the main barriers towards its development into a marketed drug product. It has low aqueous solubility, poor absorption, fast metabolism, and wide tissue distribution which lead to low bioavailability limiting its clinical application. Synthetic berberine derivatives with improved properties are suggested as better alternatives for further development and future therapeutic application. Hence, this paper summarizes the preclinical research studies conducted in the last decade to reveal the therapeutic potential of synthetic berberine derivatives for the treatment of various diseases and hence achieve successful berberine-based drug development in the future. To exploit the value of natural products as a source of leads for the development of effective drugs, collaboration among the different discovery and development scientists is essential.

Abstract In this paper, the ultra-high drop hammer impact test system is adopted for the vertical impact experiment on six SFSRCBs with steel fiber volume fraction of 2.0% and build the relevant numerical model. The research variables mainly include impact energy, impact mass and cumulative impact mode. The results show that, under a single equal energy impact, with the increase of the impact speed, the crack distribution of the specimen gradually tends to the mid-span local position. Compared with the impact mass, the impact speed has a greater effect on the failure mode, deformation resistance and deformation recovery ability of SFSRCBs. When the total cumulative impact energy is the same as the single impact energy, then the overall damage of the specimen caused by high-mass low-velocity cumulative impact is less significant than that caused by low-mass high-velocity cumulative impact. Combined with the finite element analysis, the calculation formula of the maximum deflection of SFSRCB under impact load is obtained. Finally, the calculation method of the impact damage evaluation factor of SFSRCBs is proposed.

RESUMO Introdução: o exercício pode fortalecer o metabolismo corporal. Poucas pessoas sabem o quanto o esporte promove a saúde física e mental de indivíduos. Como levar as pessoas a participar em exercícios físicos através dos esportes é uma questão que vale a pena considerar. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do esporte no metabolismo humano. Métodos: O artigo analisa indicadores físicos e químicos de atletas antes e depois do exercício e durante o período de recuperação. Os indicadores cobrem testes de sangue, de urina e conteúdo de testosterona no sangue. Resultados: Os resultados dos testes de sangue e urina dos atletas antes e depois de treinar são diferentes (P<0.05). Após muito exercício, o conteúdo de testosterona na urina será diferente devido a diferença entre os sexos (P<0.05). Conclusões: O exercício físico tem um impacto significativo no metabolismo humano. O nível hormonal e o metabolismo do corpo estão relacionados a quantidade de exercício. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise can invigorate the body's metabolism. There are very few people who know how sports promote people's physical and mental health. How to lead people to participate in physical exercise through sports is a question worth considering. Objective: We explore the effects of sports on human metabolism. Methods: The article analyzes athletes’ physical and chemical indicators before and after exercise and during the recovery period. The indicators cover blood routine, urine routine, and blood testosterone content. Results: The blood and urine routines of athletes before and after training are different (P<0.05). After an expressive number of exercises, the urine testosterone content will be different due to the difference in genders (P<0.05). Conclusions: Physical exercise has a very significant impact on human metabolism. The body's hormone levels and metabolism are related to the amount of exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio puede fortalecer el metabolismo corporal. Pocas personas saben cuánto el deporte promueve la salud física y mental de individuos. Cómo llevar a las personas a participar en ejercicios físicos a través de los deportes es una cuestión que vale la pena considerar. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del deporte en el metabolismo humano. Métodos: El artículo analiza indicadores físicos y químicos de atletas antes y después del ejercicio y durante el periodo de recuperación. Los indicadores abarcan análisis de sangre, urina y contenido de testosterona en la sangre. Resultados: Los resultados de los análisis de sangre antes y después de entrenar son distintos (P<0.05). Tras mucho ejercicio, el contenido de testosterona en la urina será diferente debido a la diferencia entre los sexos (P<0,05). Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico tiene un impacto significativo en el metabolismo humano. El nivel hormonal y el metabolismo del cuerpo están relacionados a la cantidad de ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency in comparison with standard-voltage pulsed radiofrequency for the treatment of elderly patients with acute herpes zoster neuralgia. METHODS: Sixty-four elderly acute herpes zoster neuralgia patients were randomly assigned to the standard-voltage pulsed radiofrequency group (i.e., group S, 32 cases) and the high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency group (i.e., group H, 32 cases), which received the standard-voltage and high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency treatment, respectively. The doses of gabapentin and tramadol for analgesia were adjusted based on pain degree of patients. The therapeutic effectiveness were assessed using the numeric rating scale and the sleep quality scale. The doses of gabapentin and tramadol before pulsed radiofrequency and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after pulsed radiofrequency were measured. The incidence of clinically meaningful postherpetic neuralgia (pulsed radiofrequency) 12 weeks after pulsed radiofrequency was noted. RESULTS: After pulsed radiofrequency, the numeric rating scale score and the doses of gabapentin and tramadol in group H were significantly lower than those in group S, respectively (p<0.05). The sleep quality scale score in group H was significantly higher than that in group S (p<0.05). The incidence of clinically meaningful pulsed radiofrequency in group H was significantly lower than that in group S (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: For the treatment of elderly patients with acute herpes zoster neuralgia, when compared with the standard-voltage pulsed radiofrequency, the high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency can rapidly and steadily reduce the pain degree, improve the sleep quality, reduce the doses of anticonvulsants and analgesics, and decrease the incidence of clinically meaningful postherpetic neuralgia.