ABSTRACT. Technical and secure information on the production of quality atemoya seedlings (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola Mill.) are of paramount importance due to the growing interest in this crop. This study aimed to assess the formation of atemoya seedlings propagated by grafting methods and cultivars using araticum (Annona sylvatica) rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in a screened environment at the Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. Atemoya grafts (Thompson, African Pride, and Gefner) were collected from plants from the CATI seedling nursery, located in São Bento do Sapucaí, São Paulo State, Brazil. Grafting was performed using 1-year-old araticum rootstocks with 8-10 mm in diameter at a height of 15 cm from the ground and grafts measuring, on average, 8.5 cm in length, 10 mm in diameter, and three buds. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (three grafting methods: cleft graft, whip and tongue graft, and chip budding × three cultivars: African Pride, Thompson, and Gefner), with four replications and 10 seedlings per replication, totaling 40 seedlings per treatment. The percentage of graft success (%), percentage of sprouting (%), number of sprouts, number of leaves, and longest sprout length (cm) were assessed at 60 days after grafting. The cleft graft method is efficient for producing atemoya seedlings. The cultivar African Pride can be grafted onto rootstocks by the cleft graft and whip and tongue graft methods, as they promote a higher percentage of graft success. The Annona sylvatica rootstock has potential for the production of atemoya seedlings, but chip budding is not viable. ABSTRACT L Mill. Mill crop Unioeste, Unioeste , (Unioeste) Rondon Brazil Thompson (Thompson Gefner nursery Sapucaí 1yearold yearold 1 year old 810 8 8-1 measuring average 85 5 8. buds Gefner, replication 4 treatment %, % (%) sprouts leaves (cm 6 viable (Unioeste 81 8- (% (

ABSTRACT Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological, mineral and bioactive compounds of blackberry grown in a subtropical region. Blackberries fruits (Rubus sp.), Grown in an orchard of Unioeste, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon (Paraná, Brazil), were used. Immediately after harvest, the fruits were taken to the Food Technology Laboratory for chemical analysis and bioactive compounds. The fruit samples for the analysis of reducing, bromatological and mineral sugars were frozen and sent to private laboratories. Hybrids are more perishable than cultivars. There is variation in color among the cultivars and hybrids studied. Hybrids and cultivars of black mulberry have a high content of ascorbic acid and fibers, with emphasis on the cultivar Tupy (75.0 mg 100 mL-1 and 7.23, respectively). Higher pH is verified in the cultivars Tupy and Arapaho (3.22 and 3.24, respectively). The Arapaho cultivar has fewer acid fruits (0.25 g 100 g-1), SS/total acidity ratio (36.88) and reducing sugar content (8.28 g 100g-1). Blackberry fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as cv. Chickasaw obtaining a higher content of total phenolic compounds (1368.84 mg EAG100mL-1) and the Boysenberry hybrid a greater amount of anthocyanin (5.11mg Ci-3-Gly g -1). The Chickasaw cultivar has a higher lipid content (4.59). There is no difference in moisture content, dry biomass and fruit firmness.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate asepsis protocols, composition and concentration of culture media in the in vitro establishment of three physalis species. In experiment I, seeds of 3 species were used x 3 asepsis protocols. In experiment II, 3 culture media and explants 3 species were used. In experiment III, explants of 2 species x 4 concentrations of MS culture medium were used. In experiment IV, explants of 2 species x 4 sucrose concentrations were used. For experiments II, III and IV after 30 days were evaluated some phytotechnical parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 x 3 (experiments I and II) and 2 x 4 (experiments III and IV) factorial scheme. Protocols II and III were appropriate for P. peruviana germination, and I and III for P. minima, the three protocols were efficient for controlling fungi and bacteria. The MS is the most suitable for the in vitro establishment of three species. The culture medium at 100% concentration obtained better values in the in vitro development parameters evaluated for the species P. peruviana and P. minima. Sucrose concentrations close to 50 and 20 g L-1 favored the establishment of P. peruviana and P. minima.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of rooting of podocarpos cuttings in function of the number of leaves, concentrations of IBA and phytorregulators, application methods and cutting season. Two experiments were carried out under weaning conditions, in a factorial scheme containing 3 replicates of 15 cuttings, the first with 4 concentrations of IBA, 3 leaves at the cuttings and 2 seasons. These were removed in August/2016 and January/2017, prepared with 10 cm in length and immersed in solutions for 10 s. In the second experiment three types of phytoregulators and 2 application forms were tested (slow and quick immersion). Cuttings were prepared in the same manner as in the first experiment, maintaining 4 leaves. The bases of the cuttings were immersed for 10 s and 24 h in the solutions, then taken to root. After 100 days of experimentation, it was concluded that cuttings collected in the summer had a higher percentage of rooting, 4 leaves and IBA concentration should be maintained between 750 and 800 mg L-1. The best form of application of phytoregulator is by rapid immersion.

Resumo Como a região oeste do Paraná é considerada subtropical, com altas temperaturas no verão, os híbridos de Encyclia são comercializados pela beleza de suas flores e durabilidade. No entanto, não existem estudos envolvendo plantas em vasos, tipos de substratos e fertilizantes, além dos híbridos para o gênero Encyclia. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo e o florescimento de Encyclia com base na adubação e no substrato.O experimento foi conduzido em um produtor comercial, de janeiro a setembro de 2017. As mudas permaneceram em ambiente protegido com 50% de sombreamento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5 (substratos x intervalos de fertilização), com 4 repetições por tratamento e 4 vasos por repetição. O lote escolhido era oriundo de semeadura in vitro, com o híbrido Encyclia “Kropp” x E. atropurpurea. Após cinco meses da última fertilização, foram realizadas avaliações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento vegetativo e floração. Os substratos à base de esfagno apresentaram melhores resultados no florescimento. As adubações orgânicas com Bokashi aos 45 dias após o transplante (DAT) favorecem a floração e o desenvolvimento vegetativo do híbrido de Encyclia, ocorrendo em vasos contendo substratos à base de esfagno e com adubações orgânicas acima de 60 DAT.

Abstract Due to the fact that the western region of Paraná is considered subtropical, with high temperatures in the summer, the hybrids of Encyclia are commercialized by the beauty of its flowers and durability. However, there are no studies involving potted plants, substrate types and fertilizers, as well as hybrids, for the genus Encyclia. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative development and flowering of Encyclia based on fertilization and substrate. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard, from January to September/2017. The seedlings remained in a protected environment, with 50% shading. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (substrates x fertilization intervals), with 4 replicates per treatment, and 4 pots per replicate. The lot chosen was sowed in vitro, with the hybrid Encyclia “Kropp” x E. atropurpurea. After five months of the last fertilization, the evaluations related to vegetative development and flowering were carried out. Substrates based on sphagnum presented better results in flowering. Organic fertilizations with Bokashi at 45 days after transplant (DAT) favor flowering and vegetative development of the Encyclia hybrid, which occurs in pots containing sphagnum-based substrates and with organic fertilizers above 60 DAT.

RESUMO O processo germinativo da Annona sylvatica A.St.-Hil. torna-se difícil porque as sementes apresentam dormência física e fisiológica. Porém, o ácido giberélico pode atuar na superação desse processo fisiológico. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do ácido giberélico na superação de dormência em sementes de araticum. Foram desenvolvidos dois trabalhos distintos e simultaneamente (germinação de sementes em laboratório e emergência de plântulas em sementeira). Em laboratório, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 [quatro concentrações de ácido giberélico (0, 400, 800 e 1200 mg.L-1 x quatro períodos de imersão na solução (0, 8, 16 e 24 h)], avaliando-se os aspectos de germinação e vigor. A germinação de sementes apresentou desempenho superior quando foram embebidas em 1200 mg.L-1 de GA3 em 24 h de embebição, alcançando 67% de germinação. Na emergência de plântulas em sementeira, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 5 [quatro acessos x cinco períodos de imersão (0, 18, 20, 22 e 24 h). Após 110 dias, avaliou-se aspectos fisiológicos de emergência e vigor. A emergência variou entre 32 a 45% (acessos A1 e A3) num período de 15 a 24 horas (acessos A1 e A3 ou A4). Alta concentração e maior período de embebição em ácido giberélico promove maior germinação de sementes de araticum. Existe diferença entre os acessos da espécie, necessário avaliação das mesmas antes da coleta, e no presente estudo o acesso A3 é promissor para coletas. A.St.Hil. AStHil A.St. Hil. St Hil A.St.-Hil tornase torna se fisiológica Porém fisiológico Assim objetivouse objetivou araticum sementeira. sementeira . sementeira) 0, 0 (0 400 80 120 mg.L1 mgL1 mgL mg.L 1 mg L mg.L- 8 2 h, , h)] avaliandose avaliando vigor GA 67 18 20 h. h) 11 dias avaliouse avaliou 3 45 A4. A4 A4) espécie coleta coletas A.St.Hil ASt A.St ( 40 12 L1 6

ABSTRACT The germination process of the Annona sylvatica A.St.-Hil becomes difficult because the seeds have physical and physiological numbness. Although, the objective was to evaluate the effect the gibberellic acid can have in overcoming this physiological process. So that, aimed to evaluate the effect of the gibberellic acid in the overcoming dormancy of araticum seeds. Two different projects were developed simultaneously (plants germination in the laboratory and emergence of seedlings in seed). At the laboratory, the experimental design used was completely casualized in factorial scheme 4 x 4. Evaluating the physiological aspect of the germination and vigor. The germination of the seeds presented superior performance when they were immersed in 1200 mg.L-1 of GA3, in 24 h of imbibition, reaching 67% of germination. In the emergence of seedlings in seed, the experimental design used was to randomize blocks in factorial scheme 4 x 5 (four accesses x five periods of immersion). After 110 days, evaluating physiological aspects of emergence and vigor. The emergence varied between 32 to 45% (accesses A1 and A3) in a period of 15 to 24 h (accesses A1 and A3 or A4). High concentration and longer period of soaking in gibberellic acid promote a bigger germination of the araticum seeds. There is a difference between the accesses of the species, necessary to evaluate before being collected, and in the present study the accesses A3 is promising for harvest. A.St.Hil AStHil A.St. Hil A St numbness Although that plants seed. seed . seed) vigor 120 mg.L1 mgL1 mgL mg.L 1 mg L mg.L- GA3 GA 2 imbibition 67 four immersion. immersion immersion) 11 days 3 45 A4. A4 A4) species collected harvest ASt A.St 12 L1 6

RESUMO: A propagação assexuada de coníferas, como o Podocarpus macrophyllus, apresenta dificuldades. Entre os fatores que podem tornar mais eficientes a propagação assexuada tem-se o tipo da estaca utilizada, lesões na base da estaca e uso de fitoreguladores, como o ácido indolbutírico (AIB). Objetivou-se determinar o tipo de lesão a ser efetuado na base da estaca e o tipo de estaca bem como método de veiculação do AIB na base da estaca e a concentração do AIB visando obter melhor enraizamento para a espécie. Dois experimentos foram realizados, no período de março a julho de 2018, em blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial, sendo o primeiro 2 x 4 [aplicação AIB em solução e em talco x concentração de 0, 500, 1000 e 1500 mg L-1 de ácido indolbutírico (AIB)] e o segundo 2 x 3 [estaca basal e apical x lesões na base da estaca do tipo bisel, cunha e horizontal].Em ambos experimentos as estacas utilizadas foram dispostas em canteiro de alvenaria contendo areia de textura média. Após 120 dias de experimentação conclui-se que o uso de estacas basais com lesões na base da estaca em cunha e tratadas com AIB em solução na concentração de aproximadamente 550 mL L-1favorecem a porcentagem de enraizamento.

ABSTRACT: The asexual propagation of conifers, such as Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet, faces difficulties. Among the factors that can improve the efficiency of asexual propagation are the types of cuttings used and lesions performed at the base of the cuttings, and the use of plant regulators, such as indolebutyric acid (IBA). This study determined the types of lesions to be performed at the cutting base, the type of cuttings used, the method to convey IBA at the cutting base, and the concentration of IBA required to obtain a proper rooting condition for the species. Two experiments were performed from March to July, 2018, in randomized blocks and with a factorial scheme, as follows: 2 x 4 (IBA application in solution and talc x IBA at concentrations of 0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg L-1 IBA); and 2 x 3 (basal and apical cuttings x bevel, wedge, and horizontal lesions at the cutting base). In both experiments, the cuttings used were arranged on a masonry bed containing medium-textured sand. After 120 days of experimentation, the study concluded that the rooting percentage was favored by the use of basal cuttings with wedge lesions at the cutting base and treated with IBA in solution at a concentration of approximately 550 mg L-1.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar duas fontes alcoólicas no preparo, caracterização química e aceitabilidade de licores artesanais de doviális. Frutos de doviálisforam colhidos de plantas de 4 anos e imediatamente transportados ao laboratório. Chamou-se de L1 o licor que fora preparado com vodca + frutos sem epicarpo e L2 o licor preparado com aguardente de cana-de-açúcar + frutos com epicarpo e fatiados. Na sequência realizou-se a etapa de infusão ou maceração alcoólica, misturando os frutos + líquido alcoólico. Após o preparo do extrato alcoólico, foi realizada a caracterização química dos produtos finais e, após 60 dias, a análise sensorial e aceitação do produto. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (2 tipos de frutos x 2 tipos de álcool), contendo três amostras de licores por repetição e seis repetições por parcela experimental. Os licores se enquadraram nos parâmetros previstos pela legislação brasileira na avaliação química dos produtos. Quanto a análise sensorial, houve boa aceitabilidade dos provadores do L1 e intenção de compra de 71% dos provadores.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated two alcoholic sources in the preparation, chemical characterization, and acceptability of homemade Kei apple liqueurs. Kei apple fruits were harvested from 4-year-old plants and immediately transported to the laboratory. The liqueur prepared with vodka + fruits without the epicarp was named L1;the liqueur prepared with sugarcanespirit+ fruits with the epicarp and sliced was named L2. The infusion or alcoholic maceration stage was then performed, mixing the fruits with the alcoholic liquid. After the preparation of the alcoholic extract, the chemical characterization of the final products was performedand after 60 days, the sensory analysis and acceptabilityof the product were conducted. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 2 × 2factorial scheme (two types of fruits ×.two types of alcohol), containing three samples of liqueurs per replicate and six replicates per experimental plot. The liqueurs suited the parameters fixed by the Brazilian legislation for the chemical evaluation of these products. As for sensory analysis, L1 had good acceptability from tasters, with apurchase intention by 71% of them.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a composição, aspectos nutricionais e análise sensorial da geleia de dovyalis. Frutos de dovyalis foram colhidos de plantas de quatro anos, no pomar da Fazenda Experimental da Unioeste. Estes, foram coletados de manhã, em caixas de polietileno, quando encontravam-se maduros e com coloração arroxeada do epicarpo, sendo imediatamente após, transportados ao laboratório, para o preparo das geleias. Após a chegada dos frutos, estes foram selecionados por tamanho, coloração e peso e, em seguida, higienizados em água corrente e retirados os cálices dos frutos. As avaliações sensoriais das amostras de geleia foram realizadas de forma casualizada, com 30 provadores voluntários. Os provadores foram previamente orientados a avaliarem a aceitação das geleias e suas intenções de compra. Frutos in natura e geleia de dovyalis são fontes de vitamina C. Frutos de dovyalis podem ser usados no processamento, devido sua acidez. A geleia preparada com frutos de dovyalis sem epicarpo e endocarpo, e menor quantidade de açúcar, foi mais apreciada pelos provadores.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to evaluate the composition, nutritional aspects and sensory analysis of the dovyalis jam. Dovyalis fruits were harvested from 4-year-old plants in the orchard of the Unioeste Experimental Farm. They were collected in the morning in polyethylene boxes, when they were ripe and with a purple coloration from the epicarp, being immediately transported to the Laboratory to prepare the jams. After fruits arrival, they were selected by size, color and weight and then sanitized in running water and the cups of the fruits were removed. The sensory evaluations of the jam samples were performed in a randomized fashion, with 30 volunteer tasters. The tasters were previously advised to evaluate the acceptance of the jams and their purchase intentions. Fruits in natura and dovyalis jam are sources of vitamin C. Dovyalis fruits can be used in the processing, due to its acidity. The jam prepared with dovyalis fruits without epicarp and endocarp, and less sugar, was more appreciated by the tasters.

ABSTRACT The purpose this study was to evaluate the vegetative development, yield and quality of strawberry cultivars of short and neutral days as a function of soil cover. Two experiments were carried out in a protected environment. The experimental design used in both experiments consisted of randomized blocks, with subdivided plots. Harvests were carried out every two days, when the berries presented 75% of the red coloration of the epidermis, with evaluation of yield, number of fruits/plant, and fresh biomass of the fruits. For fruit quality, the pH, SS, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio and fruit staining were evaluated. The contents of chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a + b and the chlorophyll a/b ratio in the leaves were also measured. At the end of the productive cycle, destructive evaluations of leaf number, leaf area and dry biomass of shoot were carried out. Cultivation on white plastic soil coverage presented plants with lower vegetative development, higher yield, and fruit size. Among the cultivars of short days, Camino Real presented bigger and more attractive fruits regarding the appearance of color of epidermis. For neutral day cultivars, Aromas obtained higher yield.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the Niagara Rosada variety cultivated under plastic cover, using defoliation intensities, and its influence on the Plasmopara viticola. The experiment was conducted in Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil, in a vineyard of Niagara Rosada variety in a trellised system during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 crop seasons. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme being five percentages of defoliation (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%,) and use of coverage (with and without coverage), with three blocks of three useful plants per experimental plot. The temperature, air humidity and incidence of mildew on the bunches and leaves were recorded. At the end of each crop station, three bunches per plant of each plot were evaluated for the fresh biomass of the bunches, length and width of the bunches, soluble solids content, pH, number of bunches per plant, production, and productivity. It was concluded that the plastic cover associated with the environmental conditions, and phytosanitary management can favor the physical-chemical quality and reduce the severity of the mildew in the Niagara Rosada variety providing greater production and productivity. The use of defoliation does not favor the cultivation of this variety in southwestern Paraná.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenological behavior and agronomic potential of blackberry varieties and hybrids in a subtropical region. Blackberry seedlings of four varieties and two hybrids were purchased in April 2015 in the form of stem cuttings and transplanting in July 2015. Winter pruning was carried out on August 18, 2016 and 2017. The experimental design was composed of a randomized complete block design, containing four varieties and two hybrids, four blocks and five useful plants per experimental unit. The harvest was performed every two days to the determination of fresh biomass, longitudinal and transverse diameter, volume, number of fruits per plant, yield and estimated productivity. The average duration of the phenological cycles in the two harvests varies between 109 and 162 days and 114 and 148, respectively. Hybrids Boysenberry and Olallie presented a shorter cycle in both harvests. In the 2016/2017 crop, the harvest lasted from 39 to 88 days. In the 2017/2018 harvest, it lasted 23 to 57 days, starting in mid-November through early January. The Tupy and Chickasaw cultivars were the most productive in the first crop. In the second crop, the Tupy and Navaho cultivars were prominent.

RESUMO O principal modo de propagação de doviális é seminífero, tornando-se importante a determinação do ponto ideal de colheita dos frutos. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes e o ponto de colheita de frutos de doviális. Para a determinação dos atributos físicos dos frutos, os mesmos foram classificados visualmente em cinco classes, de acordo com os estágios de amadurecimento, baseando-se na coloração externa do exocarpo: estágio 1: fruto verde; estágio 2: verde-amarelado; estágio 3: amarelo-amarronzado; estágio 4: marrom; estágio 5: marrom intenso. A extração das sementes para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica baseou-se no teor de água da semente, porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e determinação da biomassa seca da parte aérea, da raiz e das plântulas originadas dessas sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado, contendo 25 sementes por tratamento e 4 repetições. A coloração dos frutos durante o amadurecimento varia de verde a marrom intenso. Os frutos atingem seu maior tamanho e acúmulo de biomassa fresca no estágio 4, com a coloração marrom do exocarpo representada na carta de Munsell por 2.5YR 3/4. A retirada das sementes para fins propagativos deve ocorrer a partir do estágio 2 (2.5GY 5/8), quando os frutos têm coloração verde-amarelada, embora não seja verificada variação estatística no número de sementes ao longo do amadurecimento.

ABSTRACT The main propagation mode of dovyalis is by seeds, what makes important to determine the ideal moment of fruit harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological seed quality and harvest time of dovyalis fruits. To determine the fruit physical attributes, they were visually classified into five classes, according to the maturity stages, based on the external color of the exocarp: stage 1: green fruit; stage 2: yellowish-green; stage 3: yellowish-brown; stage 4: brown; stage 5: intense brown. The seed extraction to evaluate the physiological quality was based on the seed water content, germination percentage, germination speed index and determination of the dry biomass of the shoot, root and seedlings originated from these seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, containing 25 seeds per treatment and 4 replicates. The fruit color during ripening varies from green to intense brown. The fruits reach their largest size and fresh biomass accumulation in the stage 4, with the brown exocarp color represented in the Munsell chart by 2.5YR 3/4. The removal of seeds for propagation should occur from the stage 2 (2.5GY 5/8), when the fruits have a yellowish-green color, although no statistical variation is observed in the number of seeds during maturation.

RESUMO: A framboseira-negra possui potencial de cultivo no Brasil pelo fato dessa fruteira produzir altas quantidades de frutos que conferem uma geleia de alta qualidade. No entanto, a sua propagação é um entrave no estabelecimento de plantios comerciais. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar a utilização da estaquia caulinar e ácido indolbutírico na propagação assexuada de framboeseira-negra. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo conduzidos em condições de telado. Estacas caulinares foram retiradas de pomar didático de plantas matrizes de quatro anos, as quais constituíram os experimentos. O primeiro experimento foi elaborado em esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo as estacas retiradas de três regiões do ramo da planta matriz (apical, mediana e basal) x dois tratamentos com ácido indolbutírico (sem AIB e 2000mg L-1 de AIB), contendo quatro repetições e quinze estacas por repetição. O segundo experimento constituiu-se de esquema fatorial 4x2, sendo quatro tamanhos de estacas (5, 10, 15 e 20cm) x dois tratamentos com ácido indolbutírico (sem AIB e 2000mg L-1 de AIB), contendo quatro repetições e quinze estacas por repetição. Após oitenta dias, avaliaram-se a percentagem de estacas enraizadas (%); número médio de raízes e de brotações por estacas; comprimento da maior raiz (cm) e biomassa fresca e seca das brotações (g). Melhores resultados na formação do sistema radicular foram observados em estacas caulinares medianas e apicais. Estacas caulinares entre 10 e 20cm obtiveram melhores resultados para enraizamento. Não há necessidade de utilização de AIB no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de framboeseira-negra.

ABSTRACT: The framboseira-negra has a potential for cultivation in Brazil, due to the fact that this fruit produces high quantities of fruits, which confer a high quality jelly. However, their propagation is an obstacle to the establishment of commercial plantations. Production and expansion of a fruit is directly linked to the propagation method and the quality of its development. Given the above, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of stem cuttings and IBA in asexual propagation of black raspberry. Two experiments being conducted in greenhouse conditions were performed. Stem cuttings were taken from didactic orchard, with matrix plant of four years, which were the experiments. The first experiment was carried out in factorial 3x2, with cuttings taken from three regions of the plant branch matrix (apical, median and basal) x two treatments with IBA (without IBA and 2000mg L-1 IBA), containing four repetitions and fifteen cuttings per repetition. The second experiment consisted of a 4x2, with four sizes of cuttings (5, 10, 15 and 20cm) x two treatments with IBA (without IBA and 2000mg L-1 IBA), with four replications and fifteen cuttings by repetition. After eighty days, the percentage of rooted cuttings (%), average number of roots and shoots for cuttings, the longest root length (cm) and fresh and dry biomass of shoots (g) were assessed. Best results in the formation of root system were observed in middle and apical stem cuttings. Stem Cuttings between 10 and 20cm obtained better results for rooting. There is no need to use IBA rooting of cuttings of black raspberry.

RESUMO: A propagação comercial de roseiras é realizada assexuadamente, pelo método de estaquia. O material genético e o substrato são fatores que interferem no processo rizogênico das estacas. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito do substrato sobre o enraizamento de estacas de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar. Foram utilizados ramos floríferos de plantas matrizes cortadas em bisel no ápice e na base, com aproximadamente 8cm e duas gemas, sendo retirada a folha basal. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um fatorial 2 x 3 (duas cultivares, Tineke e Natal Briar x três substratos, casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de coco e TN Gold ® ), contendo quatro repetições de 15 estacas por repetição. A base das estacas foi imersa por cinco segundos em solução de 2000mg L-1 de IBA (ácido indol butírico). As estacas foram colocadas em bandejas com 24 células previamente preenchidas com substrato e depositadas no chão em túnel plástico transparente, construído dentro da estufa. Após 50 dias de experimentação avaliaram-se as estacas enraizadas (%), brotadas (%) e mortas (%), comprimento das raízes (cm), biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raízes (g). A porcentagem de enraizamento da cultivar Natal Briar foi de 75%, superior à cultivar Tineke, que obteve 39% de estacas enraizadas. Melhores substratos para a estaquia de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar são a CAC e fibra de coco que proporcionaram o enraizamento de 81 e 67% das estacas respectivamente.

ABSTRACT: The commercial propagation of rose bushes is carried out asexually by the cutting method. The genetic material and the substrate are factors that interfere in the rhizogenic process of the cuttings. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substrate on the rooting of cuttings of two hybrid rose bushes. Floriferous branches of matrix plants were cut at the apex and at the base, approximately 8cm long and with two buds, and the basal leaf was removed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (two cultivars, Tineke and Natal Briar × three substrates, carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and TN Gold®) containing four replicates of 15 cuttings per replicate. The base of the cuttings was immersed for five seconds in IBA 2000mg L-1 solution (indole butyric acid). The cuttings were placed in trays with 24 cells previously filled with substrate and deposited on the floor in a transparent plastic tunnel, built inside a stove. After the 50-day experiment, rootstocks (%), sprouts (%) and dead (%), root length (cm), fresh and dry shoot biomass and roots (g) were evaluated. The rooting percentage of the Natal Briar cultivar was 75%, thus superior to the Tineke cultivar, which had a rooting percentage of 39%. The best substrates for the Tineke and Natal Briar rose cuttings are CAC and coconut fiber, which provided rooting percentages of 81% and 67% of the cuttings, respectively.