Abstract Aim: to correlate cardiopulmonary capacity widely used variables with athletic performance in 4 km cross country race, in elite female military pentathlon athletes. Methods: Five military pentathlon athletes from Brazilian team with 27.5 [25.0; 29.3] years old underwent an incremental ramp treadmill test to determine VO2max, vVO2max (velocity of initial VO2 plateau), maximum velocity, and these same variables in anaerobic threshold. Furthermore, the performance obtained on the cross-country race of the last trial before the world military games was recorded. Spearman’s correlations were used to investigate the association between cardiopulmonary variables and athletic performance (p < 0.05). Results: The athletes exhibited a median total body weight of 64.3 [60.9; 66.6] kg and height of 1.75 [1.66; 1.76] cm. Race performance was positively correlated with vVO2max (r = 0.98, very strong correlation) and maximum velocity reached (r = 0.95, very strong correlation). The remaining cardiopulmonary variables did not show similar behavior, with r varying between -0.26 and 0.44. Conclusion: Maximum velocity and vVO2max indicators are directly related to athletic performance in the 4 km cross country race of elite female military pentathlon athletes. Thus, the technical team must pay particular attention to athletic performance in these cardiopulmonary variables in both the selection of new athletes and the identification of the effectiveness of applied training strategies.

Abstract Aim: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with changes in cardiac autonomic control, that can be evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV), for which the electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard. However, the use of ECG is limited to laboratory environments, and new tools are needed for this purpose and that can be applied in the routine monitoring of individuals with SCI. The present study aimed to investigate the validity of the Polar V800 heart rate monitor in assessing the cardiac autonomic control of individuals with SCI. Methods: Nineteen adult men with SCI (paraplegia n = 10; 44.5 ± 8.5 years and tetraplegia n = 9; 34.4 ± 7.5 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants remained in the sitting position at rest for 10 min for the acquisition of the ECG and Polar V800 signals. The last 5-min window was used to count the beat-by-beat R-R interval series and then calculate the HRV indices (linear methods in the time and frequency domains). The study subgroups were compared, and the validity of the measurements generated with a heart rate monitor was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and Bland-Altman graphs. Results: Agreement analyses for the R-R intervals, SDNN, rMSSD, PNN50, SD1, LF, HF, and LF: HF ratio tended to show reliability ranging from acceptable to excellent (ICC = 0.579-0.990; P = 0.043-0.001) and acceptably narrow limits of agreement within both the group with tetraplegia and the group with paraplegia. Conclusion: The Polar V800 heart rate monitor is a valid instrument for assessing HRV in individuals with paraplegia and tetraplegia.

ABSTRACT Objective: Life expectancy is increasing worldwide and studies have been demonstrating that elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in elderly is associated with some better health outcomes. This elevation is somewhat physiological as aging. The aim of this study was to investigate the heart rate (HR) response during a graded exercise test and its recovery in healthy elderly, comparing subjects within serum TSH in the lower limit of reference range to those within the TSH in the upper limit. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 healthy elderly aged 71.5 ± 5.1 years, with serum TSH between 0.4 – 4.0 mUl/mL. The participants were divided into two groups according to TSH level: < 1.0 mUl/mL (n = 13) and ≥ 1.0 µUI/mL (n = 73). All participants performed an ergometric test on a treadmill. The HR was recorded and analyzed at rest, during exercise and during the three minutes immediately after exercise. Results: No differences were observed in relation to HR at peak of exercise (TSH < 1.0 µUI/mL: 133.9 ± 22.5 bpm vs. TSH ≥ 1.0 µUI/mL: 132.4 ± 21.3 bpm; p = 0.70) and during the first minute of recovery phase (TSH < 1.0 µUI/mL: 122.3 ± 23.1 bpm vs. TSH ≥ 1.0 µUI/mL: 115.7 ± 18.4 bpm p = 0.33). The groups also presented similar chronotropic index (TSH < 1.0 µUI/mL: 78.1 ± 30.6 vs. TSH ≥ 1.0 µUI/mL: 79.5 ± 26.4; p = 0.74). Conclusion: In this sample studied, there were no difference between lower and upper TSH level concerning HR response during rest, peak of exercise and exercise recovery.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was to evaluate the quality of life (HRQoL) in women with subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) after 16 weeks of endurance training. Subjects and methods: In the first phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which 22 women with sHT (median age: 41.5 (interquartile range: 175) years, body mass index: 26.2 (8.7) kg/m2, thyroid stimulating hormone > 4.94 mIU/L and free thyroxine between 0.8 and 1.3 ng/dL were compared to a group of 33 euthyroid women concerned to HRQoL. In the second phase, a randomized clinical trial was conducted where only women with sHT were randomly divided into two groups: sHT-Tr (n = 10) - participants that performed an exercise program - and sHT-Sed (n = 10) - controls. Exercise training consisted of 60 minutes of aerobic activities (bike and treadmill), three times a week, for 16 weeks. The HRQoL was assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire in the early and at the end of four months. Results: Women with sHT had lower scores on functional capacity domain in relation to the euthyroid ones (770 ± 23.0 vs. 88.8 ± 14.6; p = 0.020). The sHT-Tr group improved functional capacity, general health, emotional aspects, mental and physical component of HRQoL after training period, while the sHT-Sed group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: After 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training, there were remarkable improvements in HRQoL in women with sHT.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o controle postural na posição ereta semiestática de atletas com diferentes graus de deficiência visual e verificar se existem diferenças de acordo com a modalidade esportiva praticada. Participaram deste estudo seccional 22 atletas com perda total da visão (classificação funcional B1) e 17 com baixa visão (classificação funcional B2 e B3) das modalidades judô (n=17), goalball (n=12) e futebol de cinco (n=10). O controle postural foi investigado utilizando uma plataforma de força, sendo calculadas a área da elipse de 95% de intervalo de confiança (mm2) e a velocidade média de deslocamento (mm/s). A tarefa postural foi realizada com os pés unidos e olhos fechados e vendados. Atletas com perda total da visão apresentaram menores valores para área de oscilação (p=0,02) em relação aos atletas com baixa visão. Na comparação quanto à modalidade esportiva, foi possível observar que os atletas de goalball oscilaram menos e apresentaram menor velocidade de deslocamento que os atletas de judô. Em paralelo, os jogadores de futebol de cinco foram aqueles que apresentaram melhor controle postural. As diferenças encontradas no controle postural de atletas com deficiência visual parecem estar associadas ao grau de perda visual e às especificidades das modalidades esportivas.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe postural control in athletes with different degrees of visual impairment in erect semi-static position and verify whether it differs with sport modalities. Twenty-two athletes with total loss of vision (functional classification B1) and 17 with partial loss of vision (functional classification B2 and B3) were included in this cross-sectional study. Their sport modalities were judo (n = 17), goalball (n = 12) and five-a-side football (n=10). Postural control was investigated on a force platform with athletes in bipedal stance with eyes closed and blindfolded. The elliptical area of 95% confidence interval (mm2) and the mean displacement velocity (mm/s) were calculated. Athletes with total loss of vision presented smaller oscillation area values (p = 0.02) when compared to athletes with partial loss of vision. Considering sport modality, five-a-side athletes were found to present the best postural control. Moreover, goalball athletes oscillated less and presented a lower mean displacement velocity in relation to judoists. The differences found in postural control in visually impaired athletes seem to be associated with the degree of loss of vision and specificities of each sport modality.

Objective Investigate the differences in cardiopulmonary (CP) capacity and Quality of Life (QOL) between healthy elderly (≥ 65 years) with different TSH levels (< 1.0 and ≥ 1.0 μIU/mL) both within the normal range. Also, evaluate the effects of TSH elevation on CP test and QOL, by administering methimazole to subjects with initial lower-normal TSH, in order to elevate it to superior-normal limit. Materials and methods Initially, a cross-sectional study was performed to compare CP capacity at peak exercise and QOL (using WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire) between healthy seniors (age ≥ 65 years) with TSH < 1.0 μIU/mL vs. TSH ≥1.0 μIU/mL. In the second phase, participants with TSH < 1.0 μIU/mL were included in a non-controlled-prospective-interventional study to investigate the effect of TSH elevation, using methimazole, on QOL and CP capacity at peak exercise. Results From 89 elderly evaluated, 75 had TSH ≥ 1 μIU/mL and 14 TSH < 1 μIU/mL. The two groups had similar basal clinical characteristics. No difference in WHOQOL-OLD scores was observed between groups and they did not differ in terms of CP function at peak exercise. QOL and CP variables were not correlated with TSH levels. Twelve of 14 participants with TSH < 1.0 μIU/mL entered in the prospective study. After one year, no significant differences in clinical caracteristics, QOL, and CP variables were detected in paired analysis before and after methimazole intervention. Conclusions We found no differences in CP capacity and QOL between health elderly with different TSH levels within normal range and no impact after one year of methimazole treatment. More prospective-controlled-randomized studies are necessary to confirm or not the possible harm effect in normal low TSH.

Fundamento: Não há estudos que tenham descrito e avaliado a associação entre hemodinâmica, limitações físicas e qualidade de vida em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar (HP) sem doença cardiovascular ou respiratória concomitante. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil hemodinâmico, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade física de pacientes com HP dos grupos I e IV e estudar a associação entre esses desfechos. Métodos: Estudo transversal em que foram incluídos pacientes com HP dos grupos clínicos I e IV e classes funcionais II e III, submetidos a avaliações hemodinâmica (cateterismo), de tolerância ao exercício e de qualidade de vida. Resultados: Foram avaliados 20 pacientes com idade média de 46,8±14,3 anos. Eles apresentaram pressão de encunhamento arterial pulmonar de 10,5±3,7 mmHg, distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (DTC6M) de 463±78 m, consumo de oxigênio no pico do exercício de 12,9±4,3 mLO2.kg-1.min-1 e domínios de qualidade de vida com escores < 60%. Houve associação entre índice cardíaco (IC) e equivalente ventilatório de CO2 (r=-0,59; p<0,01), IC e equivalente ventilatório de oxigênio (r=-0,49; p<0,05), pressão atrial direita (PAD) e domínio 'estado geral de saúde' (r=-0,61; p<0,01), PAD e DTC6M (r=-0,49; p<0,05), resistência vascular pulmonar (RVP) e domínio 'capacidade funcional' (r=-0,56; p<0,01), RVP e DTC6M (r=-0,49, p<0,05) e índice de RVP e capacidade física (r=-0,51; p<0,01). Conclusão: Pacientes com HP dos grupos I e IV e classes funcionais II e III apresentam redução da capacidade física e dos componentes físico e mental de qualidade de vida. As variáveis hemodinâmicas IC, pressão arterial pulmonar diastólica, PAD, RVP e índice de RVP associam-se com a tolerância ao exercício e domínios da qualidade de vida.

Background: No studies have described and evaluated the association between hemodynamics, physical limitations and quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) without concomitant cardiovascular or respiratory disease. Objective: To describe the hemodynamic profile, quality of life and physical capacity of patients with PH from groups I and IV and to study the association between these outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with PH from clinical groups I and IV and functional classes II and III undergoing the following assessments: hemodynamics, exercise tolerance and quality of life. Results: This study assessed 20 patients with a mean age of 46.8 ± 14.3 years. They had pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 10.5 ± 3.7 mm Hg, 6-minute walk distance test (6MWDT) of 463 ± 78 m, oxygen consumption at peak exercise of 12.9 ± 4.3 mLO2.kg-1.min-1 and scores of quality of life domains < 60%. There were associations between cardiac index (CI) and ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (r=-0.59, p <0.01), IC and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (r=-0.49, p<0.05), right atrial pressure (RAP) and 'general health perception' domain (r=-0.61, p<0.01), RAP and 6MWTD (r=-0.49, p<0.05), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and 'physical functioning' domain (r=-0.56, p<0.01), PVR and 6MWTD (r=-0.49, p<0.05) and PVR index and physical capacity (r=-0.51, p<0.01). Conclusion: Patients with PH from groups I and IV and functional classes II and III exhibit a reduction in physical capacity and in the physical and mental components of quality of life. The hemodynamic variables CI, diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure, RAP, PVR and PVR index are associated with exercise tolerance and quality of life domains.

INTRODUÇÃO: O treinamento desportivo em diversas modalidades está associado à presença de lesões, principalmente quando apresenta grande volume e intensidade. Poucos estudos nacionais investigaram a prevalência de lesão em tenistas, porém, as informações sobre a localização, o tipo e o mecanismo das lesões que acometem esse grupo de atletas são importantes para a prevenção e o tratamento de tais lesões.OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência de lesão relatada por tenistas amadores no município do Rio de Janeiro.MÉTODOS: A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado, com informações sobre a região corporal acometida, tipo e mecanismo de lesão, além de dados sobre a característica do treinamento. Os grupos formados, lesão e não lesão, foram comparados pelo teste t de Studentou Mann-Whitney e pelo teste Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, no programa SPSS (p<0,05).RESULTADOS: Dos 159 jogadores de tênis (89,3% homens; 45,3 ± 11,4 anos de idade; 8,5 ± 6,6 anos de prática esportiva) que responderam o questionário, 38,4% relataram já ter sido acometidos por alguma lesão decorrente do tênis. As regiões mais acometidas foram: cotovelo (24,5%), joelho (11,3%) e tornozelo (6,9%). Considerando todas as lesões, a tendinite foi o tipo mais relatado (24,5%), seguido por entorse (12,6%) e lesão meniscal (4,4%). Com relação ao mecanismo de lesão, os mais prevalentes foram por repetição (25,2%) e mudança de direção (15,1%). O grupo lesão apresentou maiores valores para idade (48,8 ± 10,1 vs. 43,6 ± 11,8 anos), tempo de prática da modalidade (10,5 ± 8,5 vs. 7,2 ± 4,8 anos) e massa corporal total (86,8 ± 9,8 vs. 81,0 ± 11,0 kg).CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de lesão em tenistas amadores no Rio de Janeiro foi de 38,4%, sendo a epicondilite lateral do cotovelo a mais frequente, em virtude da repetição do gesto esportivo.

INTRODUCTION: Sports training in various modalities is associated with injuries, especially when presenting large volume and intensity. Few Brazilian studies have investigated the prevalence of injury in tennis players, however, information about the location, type and mechanisms injuries which affect this group of athletes are important for prevention and treatment of such injuries.OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of lesions reported by amateur tennis players in the city of Rio de Janeiro.METHODS: The evaluation was conducted through a structured questionnaire with information about the affected body region, type and mechanism of injury, as well as data on the characteristics of the training. The groups formed, injury and non injury, were compared by Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test, and the chi-squared or Fisher's exact test, using SPSS software (p<0.05).RESULTS: Of 159 tennis players (89.3% men, 45.3±11.4 years old; 8.5±6.6 years of tennis practice) which completed the questionnaire, 38.4% reported having been affected by an injury arising from tennis. The most affected regions were: elbow (24.5%), knee (11.3%), and ankle (6.9%). Considering all injuries, tendinitis was the most frequently reported (24.5%), followed by sprain (12.6%) and meniscal injuries (4.4%). Regarding the mechanism of injury, the most prevalent were repetition (25.2%) and changes of direction (15.1%). The injury group presented higher age (48.8±10.1 vs. 43.6±11.8 years), years of tennis practice (10.5±8.5 vs. 7.2± 4.8), and total body mass (86.8±9.8 vs. 81.0±11.0kg).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of injuries in amateur tennis players in Rio de Janeiro was 38.4%, being lateral epicondylitis of the elbow the most frequent, due to the repetition of the characteristic motor actions of this sport.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El entrenamiento deportivo en diversas modalidades está asociado a la presencia de lesiones, principalmente cuando presenta gran volumen e intensidad. Pocos estudios nacionales investigaron la prevalencia de lesión en tenistas, no obstante, las informaciones sobre la localización, el tipo y el mecanismo de las lesiones que acometen a ese grupo de atletas son importantes para la prevención y el tratamiento de tales lesiones.OBJETIVO: Verificar la frecuencia de lesión relatada por tenistas amateurs en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro.MÉTODOS: La evaluación fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario estructurado, con informaciones sobre la región corporal acometida, tipo y mecanismo de lesión, además de datos sobre la característica del entrenamiento. Los grupos formados, lesión y no lesión, fueron comparados por el test t de Student o Mann-Whitney y por el test del Chi-cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher, en el programa SPSS (p < 0,05).RESULTADOS: De los 159 practicantes de tenis (89,3% hombres; 45,3 ± 11,4 años de edad; 8,5 ± 6,6 años de práctica deportiva) que respondieron el cuestionario, 38,4% relataron ya haber sido acometidos por alguna lesión proveniente del tenis. Las regiones más acometidas fueron: codo (24,5%), rodilla (11,3%) y tobillo (6,9%). Considerando todas las lesiones, la tendinitis fue el tipo más relatado (24,5%), seguido por entorsis (12,6%) y lesión meniscal (4,4%). Con relación al mecanismo de lesión, los más prevalentes fueron por repetición (25,2%) y cambio de dirección (15,1%). El grupo lesión presentó mayores valores para edad (48,8 ± 10,1 vs. 43,6 ± 11,8 años), tiempo de práctica de la modalidad (10,5 ± 8,5 vs. 7,2 ± 4,8 años) y masa corporal total (86,8 ± 9,8 vs. 81,0 ± 11,0 kg).CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de lesión en tenistas amateurs en Rio de Janeiro fue de 38,4%, siendo la epicondilitis lateral del codo la más frecuente, en virtud de la repetición del gesto deportivo.

Objetivo : Avaliar se um programa de exercícios supervisionado melhora a qualidade de vida (QV) de pacientes com carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide (CDT) em tratamento de supressão de TSH com levotirotoxina (L-T4).Sujeitos e métodos : Inicialmente, foi feito um estudo cruzado para se comparar a QV e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em pacientes com hipertireoidismo subclínico (HSC, n = 33) e indivíduos eutiroides (EU; n = 49). Na fase prospectiva do estudo, os pacientes com HSC foram randomizados de forma não cega para participar (HSC-Tr = pacientes treinados; n = 16) ou não (HSC-Sed = pacientes não treinados; n = 17) de um programa de exercícios supervisionado. O programa de exercícios consistiu de 60 minutos de atividade aeróbica e alongamento, duas vezes por semana, por 12 semanas. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelos questionários WHOQOL-Bref, e a QVRS pelo SF-36.Resultados : Os pacientes com HSC apresentaram escores estatisticamente mais baixos do que os EU no domínio “físico” do WHOQOL-Bref, além dos domínios “função física”, “papel físico”, “dor corporal”, “saúde geral”, “vitalidade”, “papel emocional” e “saúde mental” do SF-36. Após três meses, os pacientes HSC-Tr mostraram melhora nos domínios “físico” e “psicológico” do WHOQOL-Bref (p &lt; 0,05) e nos domínios “função física”, “papel físico”, “dor corporal”, “vitalidade” e “saúde mental” do SF-36.Conclusão : Os pacientes em terapia de supressão de TSH com L-T4 para CDT apresentaram QV e QVRS afetados negativamente quando comparados com sujeitos EU, mas essas avaliações melhoraram após três meses de um programa de exercícios. O exercício parece ter um papel importante no acompanhamento de pacientes com CDT, já que ele parece minimizar os efeitos do tratamento na QV e QVRS. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):274-81

Objective : To evaluate if a supervised exercise training program improves the quality of life (QoL) of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients on TSH-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine (L-T4).Subjects and methods : Initially, a cross-sectional study was performed to compare the QoL and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) patients (n = 33) and euthyroid subjects (EU; n = 49). In the prospective phase of the study, SCH patients were randomized in a non-blinded fashion to either participate (SCH-Tr = trained patients; n = 16) or not (SCH-Sed = untrained patients; n = 17) in a supervised exercise training program. The exercise program consisted of 60 minutes of aerobic and stretching exercises, twice a week, during twelve weeks. The QoL was assessed by the application of the WHOQOL-Bref, and the SF-36 was used to assess the HRQoL.Results : SCH patients had statistically lower scores than EU on the “physical” domain of WHOQOL-Bref, besides “physical function”, “role-physical”, “bodily pain”, “general health”, “vitality”, “role-emotional”, and “mental-health” domains of SF-36. After three months, SCH-Tr patients showed improvement in the “physical” and “psychological” domains of WHOQOL-Bref (p < 0.05), and in the “physical function”, “role-physical”, “bodily pain”, “vitality” and “mental health” domains of SF-36.Conclusion : Patients on TSH-suppressive therapy with L-T4 for DTC had impaired QoL and HRQoL compared to EU, but it was improved after 3-months of an exercise training program. Exercise seems to play an important role in the follow-up of DTC patients, since it seems to minimize the adverse effects of the treatment on QoL and HRQoL. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):274-81

Objetivo : Avaliar relações entre estado nutricional, sarcopenia e osteoporose em idosas.Sujeitos e métodos : Estudamos 44 mulheres, 67-94 anos, mediante miniavaliação nutricional (MAN), filtração glomerular (FG) corr. 1,73 m2, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da panturrilha e braquial (CP e CB), densidade mineral óssea e composição corporal, DXA (massa gorda – MG; massa magra – MM). Aferimos sarcopenia: IMM = MM MSS + MIS/altura2. Utilizamos o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, e p < 0,05 como significativo.Resultados : MNA e IMM se correlacionaram positivamente com IMC, CP, CB e MG. A idade influenciou negativamente FG corr., IMC, MG, IMM e CP. Quatorze tinham história de fraturas osteoporóticas. O mais baixo T-score foi diretamente relacionado a MAN e MG.Conclusões : O envelhecimento acarretou o declínio da FG, MG e massa muscular; a circunferência da panturrilha e braquial refletiu estado nutricional e composição corporal; e as grandes influências na DMO foram estado nutricional e MG. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):226-31

Objectives : To evaluate relationships between nutritional status, sarcopenia and osteoporosis in older women.Subjects and methods : We studied 44 women, 67-94 years, by mini-nutritional assessment (MAN), glomerular filtration corr. 1.73 m2, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference and calf (CP and CB), bone mineral density and body composition, DXA (fat mass MG; lean MM). We gauge sarcopenia: IMM MM = MSS + MIS/height2. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient, p < 0.05 as significant.Results : MNA and IMM were positively correlated with BMI, CP, CB and MG. Age influenced negatively FG corr., BMI, FM, IMM and CP. Fourteen had a history of osteoporotic fractures. The lowest T-score was directly related to MAN and MG.Conclusions The aging caused the decline of FG, fat mass and muscle; the calf circumference, and brachial reflected nutritional status and body composition; and major influences on BMD were nutritional status and fat mass.Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):226-31

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o impacto do tratamento do hipotireoidismo subclínico (sHT) na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QoL), aos sintomas psiquiátricos, ao escore clínico e à função muscular. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em um ensaio randomizado duplo-cego, pacientes foram randomizados para tratamento (n = 35) ou uso de placebo (n = 36). Sintomas clínicos e psiquiátricos foram acessados por meio das escalas de Zulewski, Hamilton e Beck. A QoL foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36. Medidas da força de quadríceps (QS) e inspiratória (IS) foram obtidas por um dinamômetro de cadeira e um manovacuômetro. RESULTADOS: O tratamento melhorou a IS (+11,5 ± 17,2; p = 0,041), assim como os domínios "Dor" e "Aspectos Físicos" da QoL (+19,7 ± 15,2, 0,039 e +22,1 ± 47,5, p = 0,054, respectivamente). Sintomas clínicos e psiquiátricos demonstraram respostas similares a ambas as formas de intervenção. CONCLUSÕES: Tratamento do sHT melhorou IS e aspectos físicos da QoL, apesar de não ter impacto em outros parâmetros musculares. Escore clínico, sintomas psiquiátricos e domínios do SF-36 que focam em dimensões mentais podem ser mais suscetíveis ao "efeito placebo" em pacientes com sHT.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) treatment on health-related quality of life (QoL), psychiatric symptoms, clinical score, and muscle function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized double-blind study, patients were assigned either to treatment (n = 35) or placebo (n = 36). Clinical and psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the Zulewski, Hamilton and Beck scales. QoL was assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire. Assessments of quadriceps (QS) and inspiratory muscle (IS) strength were performed by a chair dynamometer and a manuvacuometer. RESULTS: Treatment improved IS (+11.5 ± 17.2; p = 0.041), as did QoL domains "Pain" and "Role Physical" (+19.7 ± 15.2, 0.039 and +22.1 ± 47.5, p = 0.054; respectively). Clinical and psychiatric symptoms showed similar responses to both interventions. CONCLUSIONS: sHT treatment improved IS and physical aspects of QoL, despite no impact in other muscle parameters. Clinical score, psychiatric symptoms, and SF-36 domains, based on mental dimensions of QoL may be more susceptible to "placebo effect" in patients with sHT.

O estudo objetivou identificar o quanto os fatores motivacionais determinam a permanência de jovens atletas no voleibol de alto nível e compará-los quanto ao gênero e categoria. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação do questionário de Escala de Motivos para a Prática Esportiva (EMPE) a 96 jovens atletas de vôlei de quadra (46 meninas e 50 meninos). Os fatores que mais motivaram os atletas para a prática do vôlei foram: aperfeiçoamento técnico, saúde e afiliação. Na comparação quanto ao gênero, com exceção dos fatores saúde e status, as atletas apresentaram maiores índices de motivação do que os atletas. Comparando os fatores motivacionais segundo a categoria, todos os itens analisados, exceto afiliação, motivam da mesma forma os atletas.

This study aimed to identify how the motivational factors determine the permanence of young athletes in volleyball high level and compare these factors by gender and by category. Data collection was performed by applying the questionnaire Escala de Motivos para a Prática Esportiva (EMPE) to 96 young athletes from indoor volleyball (46 girls and 50 boys). The factors that most motivated the athletes to practice volleyball were: Skills Development, Health and Affiliation. Comparing of the motivational factors according to gender, except the factors health and status, the girls had higher motivation than the boys. Comparing motivational factors according to category, all items tested, except Affiliation, motivated the athletes the same way.

El estudo se centra en los factores motivacionales para determinar la persistencia de los jóvenes atletas en el voleibol de alto nivel y compararlas en relación al género y categoría. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la aplicación del cuestionario de la Escala de Motivos para a Esportiva (EMPE) a 96 jóvenes jugadores de voleibol de salón (46 niñas y 50 niños). Los factores que motivaron a los deportistas para practicar voleibol fueron: el desarrollo técnico, la salud y afiliación. En comparación con el género, con la excepción de los factores y el estado de salud, las ninãs atletas tuvieron una mayor motivación de los niños atletas. Al comparar los factores motivacionales en base a las variables utilizadas en el estudio, a exepción de la adhesión, motivaron a los individuos o jugadores a practicar el Voley de Salón de la misma manera.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade funcional e hemodinâmica em esforço e durante a recuperação em pacientes com hipertireoidismo subclínico (SCH). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo seccional em que participaram 29 pacientes em terapia supressiva de TSH com levotiroxina para carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide e 35 indivíduos sem doença tireoidiana. Todos foram submetidos a um teste cardiopulmonar de esforço em esteira, no qual foram medidas variáveis funcionais e hemodinâmicas durante o exercício e a recuperação. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes apresentaram um comprometimento na capacidade funcional, evidenciado por menores valores de consumo de oxigênio e duração de exercício, além do alcance prematuro do limiar anaeróbio. Imediatamente após o exercício, os pacientes apresentaram uma curva mais lenta de recuperação da frequência cardíaca e da pressão arterial. CONCLUSÃO: O SCH está associado ao comprometimento na capacidade funcional e hemodinâmica em esforço e na recuperação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional and hemodynamic responses during exercise and its recovery in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 29 patients on TSH-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine for thyroid carcinoma and 35 euthyroid subjects. All volunteers underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill and functional and hemodynamic variables were measured during exercise and its recovery. RESULTS: SCH patients showed impaired functional response to exercise, marked by lower values for oxygen consumption and exercise duration in addition to premature achievement of the anaerobic threshold. Heart-rate and blood pressure recovery immediately after exercise were slower among SCH patients when compared to euthyroid subjects. CONCLUSION: SCH is associated with impaired functional and hemodynamic responses during exercise and its recovery.

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a presença de transtorno do comportamento alimentar (TCA) ou síndromes precursoras e o grau de distorção da imagem corporal em atletas de elite de nado sincronizado. Essa modalidade é considerada de risco para desenvolvimento de TCA por valorizar, além de outros aspectos, a leveza e beleza de movimentos que, de certa forma, estão associados a baixa massa corporal. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 27 atletas de nado sincronizado, sendo 19 da categoria juniores (15,6 ± 0,8 anos) e oito da categoria de seniores (19,0 ± 1,3 anos) que compunham a seleção brasileira na época do estudo (2000). Um grupo de 32 adolescentes não-atletas (15,0 ± 1,6 anos) foi usado para comparação com as atletas. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram: aplicação de três instrumentos de auto-relato, validados. 1) EAT-26 - presença de comportamentos alimentares inadequados; 2) BITE - presença de atitudes sugestivas de bulimia nervosa; e 3) BSQ - insatisfação da auto-imagem corporal. RESULTADOS: Embora tanto o grupo de atletas, quanto o de não-atletas tenham apresentado parâmetros antropométricos compatíveis com padrões saudáveis para a idade e sexo, os resultados evidenciam a presença de insatisfação com a auto-imagem corporal e a adoção de práticas patológicas de controle da massa corporal, sobretudo entre atletas da categoria juniores e entre as adolescentes não-atletas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo retratam uma tendência mundial de preocupação com a aparência entre adolescentes capaz de levá-las à adoção de condutas não-saudáveis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to identify the Eating Behavior Disorder (EBD) or precursory syndromes and the level of distortion of the body image of elite synchronized swimming athletes. This sport modality is considered of risk for development of eating disorders for valuing, among other aspects, the softness and beauty of movements, which, partly, are associated to low body mass. METHODS: Twenty-seven synchronized swimmers, grouped as Junior (15.6 ± 0.8 years) or 08 as senior category (19.0 ± 1.3 years) were studied. A group of 32 non-athletes adolescents (15.0 ± 1.6 years) was used for comparison with the athletes. For the analysis Three instruments were used in accordance with the objective of the evaluation: 1- Eat-26-presence of inadequate eating behaviors; 2-BITE-presence of suggestive attitudes of Bulimia and 3-BSQ-dissatisfaction of body self-image. RESULTS: The athletes and the non-athletes presented compatible anthropometrical parameters with healthy standards for age and sex; however, there is evidence of body image dissatisfaction associated with pathological control of body weight. CONCLUSIONS: The results found in the present study portray a worldwide trend of concern with the appearance among adolescents which is capable of leading them to the adoption of unhealthy behaviors.

O ambiente esportivo pode ser um meio ampliador de pressões socioculturais motivadas pelo ideal de corpo magro. A presente investigação teve o objetivo de verificar a presença de comportamentos sugestivos de transtornos do comportamento alimentar (TCAs), de alterações na imagem corporal e de disfunções menstruais em atletas da EEFD-UFRJ. Foram avaliadas 12 atletas do sexo feminino (20 ± 2,0 anos) com 4,6 ± 2,3 anos de treinamento (13,8 ± 2,9h/semana) e seus resultados foram comparados com os de 32 jovens não-atletas (15,0 ± 1,4 ano). A avaliação de atitudes e comportamentos relacionados com a alimentação e o controle de peso foi realizada pelo Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), a existência de comportamentos sugestivos de bulimia nervosa pelo Bulimic Investigatory Test Edimburgh (BITE) e o grau de insatisfação com a imagem corporal pelo Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Esses são instrumentos de auto-aplicação e foram usados na versão em português. As atletas apresentavam massa corporal total de 59 ± 7,3kg, estatura de 1,65 ± 0,03m, percentual de gordura corporal (%G) 23,1 ± 4,1% e índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 21,6 ± 2,3kg/m². O BSQ apontou que 33% das atletas apresentam leve distorção da imagem corporal mesmo estando com valores para gordura corporal dentro de padrões esperados para a idade e sexo. O BITE apontou 16,6% das atletas com padrão alimentar não-usual na escala de sintomas, sem que estas apresentassem expressão na escala de gravidade. As atletas com padrão alimentar não-usual estão incluídas no total sugestivo de distorção de imagem corporal. O EAT-26 exibiu resultado negativo para todas as atletas. Os resultados encontrados na análise sugerem a presença de sintomas que não caracterizam, precisamente, a bulimia nervosa ou a anorexia nervosa, mas ressaltam a necessidade de avaliação e vigilância mais criteriosas da existência de TCA e seus precursores no ambiente esportivo, como forma de prevenção.

The sports environment can enhance social and cultural pressure towards a lean body. The close relationship between corporal image and performance makes the female athletes a group particularly vulnerable to eating disorders and weight-control practices. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the presence of behaviors suggestive of eating disorders, shifts in body perception, and menstrual dysfunctions in female athletes of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro School of Physical Education (EEFD-UFRJ). Twelve female athletes (20 ± 2 years), who had been training for 4.6 ± 2.3 years, a total of 13.8 ± 2.9 hours per week, were examined. The results of the athletes and of 32 young non-athletes (15 ± 1.4 years) were compared. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to evaluate weight-control and eating attitudes and behaviors. The Bulimic Investigatory Test Edimburgh (BITE) was used to identify suggestive behaviors of bulimia nervosa, and also to obtain data about cognitive and behavioral aspects of this disorder. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to verify dissatisfaction with body image. The three self-applied questionnaires were used in their Portuguese versions. The athletes presented body mass of 59 ± 7.3 kg, height of 1.65 ± 0.03 m, percentage of body fat (%F) of 23.1 ± 4.1% and body mass index (BMI) of 21.6 ± 2.3 kg/m². The entire sample had a %F compatible for age and sex, although 33% of the athletes presented some body image dissatisfaction. The BITE evidenced that 16.6% of the athletes presented a non-usual dietary pattern according to symptoms, but with no significance in terms of severity. These athletes are included among those who are not happy with their body. No athlete had a positive EAT-26 results. The findings of this study suggest the presence of symptoms that do not actually characterize bulimia or anorexia nervosa, but they point to the need of a careful surveillance and assessment of eating disorders and their precursors among athletes, as a way of prevention.

El ambiente deportivo puede ser un medio amplificador de presiones socioculturales motivadas por el ideal del cuerpo magro. La presente investigación tiene por objeto verificar la presencia de comportamientos sugestivos de trastornos del comportamiento alimenticio (TCAs), de alteraciones de la imagen corporal y de disfunciones menstruales en atletas de la EEFD-UFRJ. Fueron evaluadas 12 atletas de sexo femenino (20 ± 2,0 años) con 4,6 ± 2,3 años de entrenamiento (13,8 ± 2,9 horas/semana) y sus resultados serán comparados con 32 jovenes no atletas (15,0 ± 1,4 años). La evaluación de actitudes y comportamientos relacionados con la nutrición y el control del peso fue evaluado un test, Eating Attitudes Test (Test de Actitudes Nutricionales EAT-26), la existencia de los comportamientos sugestivos de bulimia nerviosa por el test, Bulimic Investigatory Test Edimburgh (Test de Investigación de Bulimia de Edimburgo, BITE) y el grado de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal por el test; Body Shape Questionnaire (Cuestionario de la forma Corporal BSQ). Estos son instrumentos de autoaplicación usados en una versión portuguesa. Las atletas presentaron una masa corporal total de 59 ± 7,0kg, una estatura de 1,65 ± 0,03m, un porcentual de grasa corporal (%G) 23 ± 4,0% y un índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 21,6 ± 2,0kg/m². El test BSQ apuntó que un 33% de las atletas presentaron una leve distorción de la imagen corporal mismo estando con valores para grasa corporal dentro de los patrones esperados para la edad y el sexo. El test BITE apuntó que el 16,6% de las atletas con un padrón alimenticio no usual en la escala de síntomas, sin que estas presentasen expresiones en la escala de gravedad. Las atletas con patrón alimenticio no usual están incluídas en el total sugestivo de distorsión de la imagen corporal. El test EAT-26 mostró un resultado negativo para todas las atletas. Los resultados encontrados en el análisis sugieren la presencia de síntomas que no se caracterizan precisamente, por una bulimia nerviosa o una anorexia nerviosa, relatan la necesidad de una evaluación y una vigilancia mas criteriosas de la existencia de TCA y de sus precursores en el ambiente deportivo, como forma de prevención.