Abstract Background: Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and it has antioxidant properties. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on assisted reproductive technologies through a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Materials and methods: Search strategies were used in PubMed and in other databases covering the last 15 years. After screening for eligibility, 17 articles were selected for the systematic review. For the meta-analysis statistics, two groups were formed, the treatment group (with melatonin) and the control group (without melatonin) for various assisted reproduction outcomes. Results: The main results were that no statistical differences were found concerning the clinical pregnancy outcome (p = 0.64), but there was a statistical difference with respect to Mature Oocytes (MII) (p = 0.001), antral follicle count (p = 0.0002), and the fertilization rate (p ≤ 0.0001). Conclusions: Melatonin had beneficial effects such as the improvement in the fertilization rate, although the authors did not obtain significance in the clinical pregnancy rate. Background properties Aim metaanalysis. metaanalysis meta analysis. analysis methods 1 years eligibility statistics formed without outcomes Results p 0.64, 064 0.64 , 0 64 0.64) MII (MII 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 0.0002, 00002 0.0002 0002 0.0002) 0.0001. 00001 0.0001 . 0.0001) Conclusions 06 0.6 6 000 0.00 00 0000 0.000 0. 0.0

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: There is an increase in the prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes in the past decades, mainly due to the increase in the prevalence of obesity in the general population and consequently type 2 diabetes among women of reproductive age. METHODS: This study purposed to describe the delivery characteristics, pregnancy complications, and outcomes among women in Serbia with the pre-gestational type 2 diabetes in the past decade, as well as their pregnancy complications, deliveries, and neonatal outcomes. The study included data from all the pregnant women with pre-gestational type 2 diabetes in Belgrade, Serbia during the period between 2010 and 2020. The final sample consisted of 138 patients. RESULTS: More than half, i.e., 70 (50.7%) had a vaginal delivery, while 48 (34.8%) had elective and 20 (14.5%) had emergency caesarean sections. Throughout the period, there was 1 patient with preeclampsia (0.7%), 5 with pregnancy-induced hypertension (3.6%), 7 had newborns with small for gestational age (5.1%), 28 with macrosomia (20.3%), 12 (8.7%) had preterm births, and one-fifth, i.e., 28 (20.3%) of the newborns had Apgar score under 8. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy have a significant burden of pregnancy complications, related to pregnancy, delivery, and newborns. OBJECTIVE pregestational pre decades METHODS characteristics complications decade deliveries Belgrade 201 2020 13 patients RESULTS half ie i e i.e. 50.7% 507 50 (50.7% 4 34.8% 348 34 8 (34.8% 14.5% 145 14 (14.5% sections 0.7%, 07 0.7% , 0 (0.7%) pregnancyinduced induced 3.6%, 36 3.6% 3 6 (3.6%) 5.1%, 51 5.1% (5.1%) 20.3%, 203 20.3% 8.7% 87 (8.7% births onefifth, onefifth one fifth, fifth one-fifth (20.3% CONCLUSION 202 i.e 50.7 (50.7 34.8 (34.8 14.5 (14.5 0.7 (0.7% 3.6 (3.6% 5.1 (5.1% 20.3 8.7 (8.7 (20.3 50. (50. 34. (34. 14. (14. 0. (0.7 3. (3.6 5. (5.1 20. (8. (20. (50 (34 (14 (0. (3. (5. (8 (20 (5 (3 (1 (0 ( (2

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Our study purposed to examine the complex relationship between low-molecular-weight heparin therapy, multiple pregnancy determinants, and adverse pregnancy outcomes during the third trimester in women with inherited thrombophilia. METHODS: Patients were selected from a prospective cohort of 358 pregnant patients recruited between 2016 and 2018 at the Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade. RESULTS: Gestational age at delivery (β=-0.081, p=0.014), resistance index of the umbilical artery (β=0.601, p=0.039), and D-dimer (β=0.245, p<0.001) between 36th and 38th weeks of gestation presented the direct predictors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. The model fit was examined using the root mean square error of approximation 0.00 (95%CI 0.00–0.18), the goodness-of-fit index was 0.998, and the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.966. CONCLUSION: There is a need for the introduction of more precise protocols for the assessment of hereditary thrombophilias and the need for the introduction of low-molecular-weight heparin. OBJECTIVE lowmolecularweight low molecular weight therapy determinants thrombophilia METHODS 35 201 Gynecology Serbia Belgrade RESULTS β=0.081, β0081 β β= 0.081, 0 081 (β=-0.081 p=0.014, p0014 p p=0.014 , 014 p=0.014) β=0.601, β0601 601 (β=0.601 p=0.039, p0039 p=0.039 039 p=0.039) Ddimer D dimer β=0.245, β0245 245 (β=0.245 p<0.001 p0001 001 th 000 00 0.0 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.00–0.18, 000018 0.00–0.18 18 0.00–0.18) goodnessoffit goodness 0998 998 0.998 0966 966 0.966 CONCLUSION 3 20 β=0.081 β008 0081 0.081 08 (β=-0.08 p001 p=0.01 01 β=0.601 β060 60 (β=0.60 p003 p=0.03 03 β=0.245 β024 24 (β=0.24 p<0.00 p000 0. 9 00001 0.00–0.1 1 099 99 0.99 096 96 0.96 2 β=0.08 β00 008 0.08 (β=-0.0 p00 p=0.0 β=0.60 β06 6 (β=0.6 β=0.24 β02 (β=0.2 p<0.0 0000 0.00–0. 09 0.9 β=0.0 β0 (β=-0. p0 p=0. β=0.6 (β=0. β=0.2 p<0. 0.00–0 β=0. (β=-0 p=0 (β=0 p<0 0.00– β=0 (β=- p= (β= p< (β

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study sought to evaluate the influence of time (early <90 days and late >90 days) and endometrial injury on pregnancy success. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which all infertile women who underwent at least one in vitro fertilization cycle at Clinica Gera between 2010 and 2015 were considered for inclusion. We included patients with a normal ovarian reserve and regular menses at intervals of up to 30 days. A total of 315 patient files were reviewed, and the study group was composed of patients who faced fertility issues and had male-caused infertility or idiopathic infertility. Also, women with male or unknown cause of infertility who have performed endometrial biopsy and have undergone embryo transfer up to 180 days after this procedure between 2010 and 2015 were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to the interval between biopsy and embryo transfer: group 1 (early—an interval of <90 days) and group 2 (late—an interval of >90 days and up to 180 days). RESULTS: The results were superior for the group with an interval of less than 90 days relative to the group with an interval of more than 90 days (p<0.04). The pregnancy rates for group 1 and group 2 were 58.5% and 43.4%, respectively. The odds ratio for pregnancy success was 1.63 (95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 2.55). CONCLUSION: The early transfer of embryos (<90 days) may produce better results with a high rate of pregnancy. Further studies are necessary to identify the mechanism involved in this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE <9 >9 METHODS 201 inclusion 3 31 reviewed malecaused caused Also 18 earlyan latean . RESULTS 9 p<0.04. p004 p p<0.04 0 04 (p<0.04) 585 58 5 58.5 434 43 4 43.4% respectively 163 63 1.6 95% 95 (95 104 1.0 2.55. 255 2.55 55 2.55) CONCLUSION (<9 phenomenon < > 20 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.04 58. 43.4 16 6 1. (9 10 25 2.5 (< p0 p<0. (p<0.0 43. ( 2. p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the computed tomography findings associated with very recent catastrophic 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake-related injuries and their anatomotopographic distribution in the adult population. METHODS: The incorporated computed tomography scans of 768 adult cases who had been admitted to the hospital and had undergone computed tomography imaging after these tragic disasters had been examined on the Teleradiology Reporting System of the Turkish Ministry of Health. To this end, the injuries were classified into six categories: head, thoracic, spinal, pelvic, extremity, and abdominal injury, with three age groups (18–34, 35–64, and ³65 years) and four different imaging intervals (<24, 24–48, 49–72, and >72 h). RESULTS: This study incorporated 316 (41.1%) cases on the first day, 57 (7.5%) on the second day, 219 (28.5%) on the third day, and 176 (22.9%) on the fourth day after the earthquake or later. Of the 768 cases, 109 (14.2%) had a head injury, 100 (13.0%) had a thoracic injury, 99 (12.9%) had a spinal injury, 51 (6.6%) had a pelvic injury, 41 (5.4%) had an extremity injury, and 11 (1.4%) had an abdominal injury. CONCLUSION: In these regrettable earthquake disasters, we determined a high ratio of head injuries, which was closely followed by thoracic and spinal injuries, in our preliminary outcomes for the pediatric population, Part I. The frequency of abdominal injuries was low among individuals who experienced the earthquake. Last but not least, we have noticed a higher likelihood of spinal injury in individuals older than 65 years in the studied population. OBJECTIVE 202 TurkeySyria Turkey Syria earthquakerelated related population METHODS 76 Health end categories 18–34, 1834 18 34 (18–34 3564 35 64 35–64 ³6 <24, 24 (<24 2448 48 24–48 4972 49 72 49–72 >7 h. h . h) RESULTS 31 41.1% 411 1 (41.1% 5 7.5% 75 7 (7.5% 21 28.5% 285 28 (28.5% 17 22.9% 229 22 9 (22.9% later 10 14.2% 142 14 2 (14.2% 13.0% 130 13 0 (13.0% 12.9% 129 12 (12.9% 6.6% 66 6 (6.6% 4 5.4% 54 (5.4% 1.4% (1.4% CONCLUSION I least 20 18–34 183 3 (18–3 356 35–6 ³ <24 (<2 244 24–4 497 49–7 > 41.1 (41.1 7.5 (7.5 28.5 (28.5 22.9 (22.9 14.2 (14.2 13.0 (13.0 12.9 (12.9 6.6 (6.6 5.4 (5.4 1.4 (1.4 18–3 (18– 35– <2 (< 24– 49– 41. (41. 7. (7. 28. (28. 22. (22. 14. (14. 13. (13. 12. (12. 6. (6. 5. (5. 1. (1. 18– (18 < ( (41 (7 (28 (22 (14 (13 (12 (6 (5 (1 (4 (2

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as alterações nas características sociodemográficas, econômicas e variáveis relacionadas à caracterização da família, saúde e educação durante a pandemia da COVID-19, em uma coorte de nascimento avaliada aos 10–11 anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 1.033 crianças de uma coorte de nascidos em 2010/2011, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas por telefone ou videochamada com o responsável pela criança, no período de julho a outubro de 2021. Os questionários abordaram informações sobre a organização familiar, comportamento e saúde da criança, acompanhamento escolar, avaliação socioeconômica e ocorrência da COVID-19 durante o período de isolamento social. Foi realizada estatística descritiva. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar diferenças de grupos por salários-mínimos (SM). Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 47,6% relataram piora na condição financeira durante a pandemia, sendo a piora econômica mais frequente no grupo de renda familiar <3 SM em comparação ao grupo de >6 SM (59,1 vs. 15,7%; p<0,001). Segundo os responsáveis, 62% das crianças apresentaram mudança de comportamento durante o período, sendo a ansiedade relatada com mais frequência. Ainda, 61,4% das crianças apresentaram dificuldades de aprendizagem, e o prejuízo foi mais acentuado naquelas de menor renda familiar em comparação às de maior renda (74,7 vs. 45,1%; p<0,001). Conclusão: A pandemia da COVID-19 alterou diferentes aspectos econômicos das famílias, assim como indicadores educacionais, de saúde e de comportamento das crianças. As famílias de menor renda foram as mais prejudicadas tanto do ponto de vista econômico como nos demais indicadores. Objetivo sociodemográficas família COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 1011 10 11 10–1 idade Métodos 1033 1 033 1.03 20102011 2010 2011 2010/2011 Preto SP Brasil criança 2021 escolar COVID-1 social descritiva quiquadrado qui quadrado saláriosmínimos salários mínimos SM. . (SM) Resultados entrevistados 476 47 6 47,6 3 < > 59,1 591 59 (59, vs 15,7% 157 15 7 p<0,001. p0001 p p<0,001 0 001 p<0,001) responsáveis 62 frequência Ainda 614 61 4 61,4 aprendizagem 74,7 747 74 (74, 45,1% 451 45 Conclusão educacionais COVID1 101 10– 103 03 1.0 2010201 201 2010/201 202 COVID- (SM 47, 59, 5 (59 15,7 p000 p<0,00 00 61, 74, (74 45,1 1. 201020 20 2010/20 (5 15, p00 p<0,0 (7 45, 20102 2 2010/2 ( p0 p<0, 2010/ p<0 p<

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe changes in sociodemographic, economic and variables related to the characterization of family, health and education during the COVID-19 pandemic in a birth cohort evaluated at 10–11 years of age. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 1,033 children from a cohort of children born in 2010/2011, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Data were collected from July to October 2021 by telephone or video interview held with the person responsible for the child. The questionnaires discussed family organization, child behavior and health, school attendance, socioeconomic assessment and occurrence of COVID-19 during the period of social isolation due to the pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. The chi-square test was used to verify group differences by minimum wages (MW). Results: Of the respondents, 47.6% reported worsening of their financial situation during the pandemic, which was more frequent in the group with a household income <3 MW compared to the group with >6 MW (59.1 vs. 15.7%; p<0.001). According to the respondents, 62% of the children exhibited behavioral changes during the period and anxiety was the most frequently reported condition. In addition, 61.4% of the children had learning difficulties and these problems were more prevalent among children from households with lower incomes compared to those with higher incomes (74.7 vs. 45.1%; p<0.001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed different economic aspects of families, as well as educational, health and behavioral indicators of children. Lower-income families were the most affected both economically and in terms of other indicators. Objective sociodemographic COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 1011 10 11 10–1 age Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 1033 1 033 1,03 20102011 2010 2011 2010/2011 Preto SP Brazil 202 organization attendance data chisquare chi square MW. . (MW) Results respondents 476 47 6 47.6 3 < > 59.1 591 59 (59. vs 15.7% 157 15 7 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 p<0.001) 62 condition addition 614 61 4 61.4 74.7 747 74 (74. 45.1% 451 45 Conclusion educational Lowerincome Lower COVID1 COVID- 101 10– 103 03 1,0 2010201 201 2010/201 20 (MW 47. 59. 5 (59 15.7 p000 p<0.00 00 61. 74. (74 45.1 1, 201020 2010/20 2 (5 15. p00 p<0.0 (7 45. 20102 2010/2 ( p0 p<0. 2010/ p<0 p<

Abstract Objectives: Ad fontes, the status of the thyroid gland, and metabolic disturbance lead to the alteration of oxygenation. In pregnancy, it is particularly crucial to possess all predictive parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, between 2017 and 2021 which study included a total of 99 women who had been admitted for preterm delivery and had undergone thyroid analysis, detected Hashimoto thyroiditis, and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) 40 days after delivery and had pathological Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Response (HOMA IR) indices. In the group of urgent patients with preterm delivery, we looked after not only routine Doppler of the umbilical artery, but we measured specific ratios such as the Cerebroplacental ratio (CP). Results: The mean maternal age was 32.23 ± 5.96 years and the mean gestational age was detected as 35.40 ± 2.39 weeks. The delivery was completed vaginally in 77 women (78%) and surgically in 22 (22%). The Mean APGAR score was 8.44 ± 1.18, the mean birth weight was 2666.87 ± 622.17g and the cases undergoing cesarean section had significantly higher values of pulsatility index (1.85 ± 0.27 vs. 1.34 ± 0.31) and CP (1.22 ± 0.26 vs. 0.47 ± 0.17). Conclusions: The introduction of Doppler sonography for blood flow assessment helps to form a complete clinical description of the patient, particularly in conditions where oxidative stress became provocative by the thyroid gland antibodies and gestational diabetes in Thyroidology. Objectives fontes oxygenation pregnancy parameters Methods crosssectional cross sectional Obstetrics Serbia Belgrade 201 202 9 analysis thyroiditis OGTT (OGTT 4 HOMA IR indices artery CP. . (CP) Results 3223 32 23 32.2 596 5 96 5.9 3540 35 35.4 239 2 39 2.3 weeks 7 78% 78 (78% 22%. 22% (22%) 844 8 44 8.4 118 1 18 1.18 266687 2666 87 2666.8 62217g g 622 17g 1.85 185 85 (1.8 027 0 27 0.2 vs 134 34 1.3 0.31 031 31 1.22 122 (1.2 026 26 047 47 0.4 0.17. 017 0.17 17 0.17) Conclusions patient Thyroidology 20 (CP 322 3 32. 59 5. 354 35. 2. (78 (22% 84 8. 11 1.1 26668 266 2666. 62 1.8 (1. 02 0. 13 1. 0.3 03 1.2 12 04 01 0.1 (7 (22 6 (1 ( (2

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as alterações nas características sociodemográficas, econômicas e variáveis relacionadas à caracterização da família, saúde e educação durante a pandemia da COVID-19, em uma coorte de nascimento avaliada aos 10–11 anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 1.033 crianças de uma coorte de nascidos em 2010/2011, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas por telefone ou videochamada com o responsável pela criança, no período de julho a outubro de 2021. Os questionários abordaram informações sobre a organização familiar, comportamento e saúde da criança, acompanhamento escolar, avaliação socioeconômica e ocorrência da COVID-19 durante o período de isolamento social. Foi realizada estatística descritiva. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar diferenças de grupos por salários-mínimos (SM). Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 47,6% relataram piora na condição financeira durante a pandemia, sendo a piora econômica mais frequente no grupo de renda familiar <3 SM em comparação ao grupo de >6 SM (59,1 vs. 15,7%; p<0,001). Segundo os responsáveis, 62% das crianças apresentaram mudança de comportamento durante o período, sendo a ansiedade relatada com mais frequência. Ainda, 61,4% das crianças apresentaram dificuldades de aprendizagem, e o prejuízo foi mais acentuado naquelas de menor renda familiar em comparação às de maior renda (74,7 vs. 45,1%; p<0,001). Conclusão: A pandemia da COVID-19 alterou diferentes aspectos econômicos das famílias, assim como indicadores educacionais, de saúde e de comportamento das crianças. As famílias de menor renda foram as mais prejudicadas tanto do ponto de vista econômico como nos demais indicadores.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe changes in sociodemographic, economic and variables related to the characterization of family, health and education during the COVID-19 pandemic in a birth cohort evaluated at 10–11 years of age. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 1,033 children from a cohort of children born in 2010/2011, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Data were collected from July to October 2021 by telephone or video interview held with the person responsible for the child. The questionnaires discussed family organization, child behavior and health, school attendance, socioeconomic assessment and occurrence of COVID-19 during the period of social isolation due to the pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. The chi-square test was used to verify group differences by minimum wages (MW). Results: Of the respondents, 47.6% reported worsening of their financial situation during the pandemic, which was more frequent in the group with a household income <3 MW compared to the group with >6 MW (59.1 vs. 15.7%; p<0.001). According to the respondents, 62% of the children exhibited behavioral changes during the period and anxiety was the most frequently reported condition. In addition, 61.4% of the children had learning difficulties and these problems were more prevalent among children from households with lower incomes compared to those with higher incomes (74.7 vs. 45.1%; p<0.001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed different economic aspects of families, as well as educational, health and behavioral indicators of children. Lower-income families were the most affected both economically and in terms of other indicators.

Abstract Introduction The CA1 region of the hippocampus has an important role in learning and memory. It has been shown that estrogen deficiency may reduce the synaptic density in the region and that hormone replacement therapy may attenuate the reduction. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of estrogen and raloxifene on the synaptic density profile in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. Methods Sixty ovariectomized three-month-old virgin rats were randomized into six groups (n = 10). Treatments started either three days (early treatment) or sixty days (late treatment) after ovariectomy. The groups received propylene glycol vehicle (0.5 mL/animal/day), equine conjugated estrogens (50 μg/animal/day), or raloxifene (3 mg/kg/day) either early or late after ovariectomy. The drugs were administered orally by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the treatments, the animals were anesthetized and transcardially perfused with ether and saline solution. The brains were removed and prepared for analysis under transmission electron microscopy and later fixed. Results Results showed a significant increase in the synaptic density profile of the hippocampal CA1 region in both the early estrogen (0.534 ± 0.026 µ/m2) and the early raloxifene (0.437 ± 0.012 µ/m2) treatment groups compared to the early or late vehicle-treated control groups (0.338 ± 0.038 µ/m2 and 0.277 ± 0.015 µ/m2 respectively). Conclusions The present data suggest that the raloxifene effect may be lower than that of estrogen, even early or late treatment, on synaptic density in the hippocampus. CA memory reduction threemonthold month old n 10. 10 . 10) ovariectomy 0.5 05 0 5 (0. mL/animal/day, mLanimalday mL/animal/day , mL animal day mL/animal/day) 50 (5 μg/animal/day, μganimalday μg/animal/day μg μg/animal/day) 3 ( mg/kg/day mgkgday mg kg treatments solution fixed 0.534 0534 534 (0.53 0026 026 0.02 µm2 µm µ m2 m 0.437 0437 437 (0.43 0012 012 0.01 vehicletreated treated 0.338 0338 338 (0.33 0038 038 0.03 µ/m 0277 277 0.27 0015 015 respectively. respectively respectively) 1 0. (0 0.53 053 53 002 02 0.0 0.43 043 43 (0.4 001 01 0.33 033 33 (0.3 003 03 027 27 0.2 00 0.4 04 4 0.3 2

Melatonin, a hormone released by the pineal gland, demonstrates several effects on the cardiovascular system. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the effects of melatonin in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA recommendations and reviewed MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Only articles in English were considered. A systematic review of the literature published between November 2008 and June 2019 was performed. The meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.3 program provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. In total, 858 articles were identified, of which 13 were included in this review. The main results of this study revealed that melatonin benefits the cardiovascular system by reducing infarct size, improving cardiac function according to echocardiographic and hemodynamic analyses, affords antioxidant effects, improves the rate of apoptosis, decreases lactate dehydrogenase activity, enhances biometric analyses, and improves protein levels, as analyzed by western blotting and quantitative PCR. In the meta-analysis, we observed a statistically significant decrease in infarct size (mean difference [MD], -20.37 [-23.56, -17.18]), no statistical difference in systolic pressure (MD, -1.75 [-5.47, 1.97]), a statistically significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase in animals in the melatonin group (MD, -4.61 [-6.83, -2.40]), and a statistically significant improvement in the cardiac ejection fraction (MD, -8.12 [-9.56, -6.69]). On analyzing potential bias, we observed that most studies presented a low risk of bias; two parameters were not included in the analysis, and one parameter had a high risk of bias. Melatonin exerts several effects on the cardiovascular system and could be a useful therapeutic target to combat various cardiovascular diseases.