Abstract The median nerve is a nervous structure that begins to cross structures at the level of the elbow that might cause compression. The Struthers ligament, lacertus fibrosus, pronator teres, and flexor digitorum superficialis are among them. Finally, the transverse carpal ligament creates another compression site in the wrist. All these structures can develop pathological signs and symptoms of nerve entrapment, which favors nerve functional degradation. Our objective is to provide an update on these median nerve entrapment sites, as well as information on how to establish an accurate diagnosis and provide adequate treatment.

Resumen El nervio mediano desciende por el brazo y, en el codo, comienza a atravesar estructuras que pueden generar compresión, como el ligamento de Struthers, el lacertus fibrosus, el pronador redondo, el flexor superficial de los dedos. Finalmente, en la muñeca, se encuentra otro sitio de compresión producido por el ligamento transverso del carpo. Todas estas estructuras pueden provocar signos y síntomas de atrapamiento nervioso y favorecer el deterioro funcional del nervio. Nuestro objetivo es dar a conocer una actualización sobre estos sitios de atrapamiento del nervio mediano, y cómo realizar un diagnóstico preciso e indicar un tratamiento adecuado.

Abstract The Chilean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SOCHOG) and the Chilean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (SOCHUMB) have convened a committee of experts on the subject of ultrasound and fetal growth in order to propose using the fetal curve that best adapts to the Chilean population. After the discussion, since there are no Chilean fetal growth curves, it is concluded that the World Health Organization (WHO) standard curve would be the one to use given the quality of its methodology and the fact that it is multicentric.

Resumen La Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología (SOCHOG) y la Sociedad Chilena de Ultrasonido en Medicina y Biología (SOCHUMB) convocaron a un comité de expertos en el tema de ultrasonido y crecimiento fetal con el fin de proponer utilizar la curva fetal que mejor se adapte a la población chilena. Luego de la discusión, al no contar con curvas chilenas de crecimiento fetal, se concluye proponer que la curva estándar de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) sería la indicada dada la calidad de su metodología y por ser multicéntrica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) over a 10-year period at the Reference Service in Neonatal Screening of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RSNS-RS). Subjects and methods: Historical cohort study including all newborns screened for CH by the RSNS-RS from January 2008 until December 2017. Data of all newborns with neonatal TSH (neoTSH; heel prick test) values ≥ 9 mIU/L were collected. According to neoTSH values, the newborns were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (G1), comprising newborns with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and serum TSH (sTSH) < 10 mIU/L, and Group 2 (G2), comprising those with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L. Results: Of 1,043,565 newborns screened, 829 (0.08%) had neoTSH values ≥ 9 mIU/L. Of these, 284 (39.3%) had sTSH values < 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G1 group, while 439 (60.7%) had sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G2 group, and 106 (12.7%) were considered missing data. The overall incidence of CH was 42.1 per 100,000 newborns screened (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.5-45.7/100,000) or 1:2377 screened newborns. The sensibility and specificity of neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L were 97% and 11%; of neoTSH 12.6 mUI/L, 73% and 85% respectively. Conclusion: In this population, the incidence of permanent and transitory CH was 1:2377 screened newborns. The neoTSH cutoff value adopted during the study period showed excellent sensibility, which matters for a screening test. Objective (CH 10year year RSNSRS. RSNSRS RSNS RS . (RSNS-RS) methods 200 2017 (neoTSH test mIUL mIU L collected groups G1, G , (G1) (sTSH G2, (G2) Results 1043565 043 565 1,043,56 82 0.08% 008 0 08 (0.08% these 28 39.3% 393 39 3 (39.3% group 43 60.7% 607 60 7 (60.7% 12.7% 127 12 (12.7% data 421 42 42. 100000 100 000 100,00 95% 95 (95 CI [CI 38.545.7/100,000 385457100000 38.5 45.7/100,000 38 5 45 38.5-45.7/100,000 12377 2377 1:237 97 11% 11 126 6 12. mUIL mUI mUI/L 73 85 respectively Conclusion population (RSNS-RS 20 201 (G1 (G2 104356 04 56 1,043,5 8 0.08 00 (0.08 39.3 (39.3 4 60.7 (60.7 12.7 (12.7 10000 100,0 (9 545 38.545.7/100,00 38545710000 385 38. 457100000 45.7/100,00 38.5-45.7/100,00 1237 237 1:23 (G 10435 1,043, 0.0 (0.0 39. (39. 60. (60. (12. 1000 100, ( 54 38.545.7/100,0 3854571000 45710000 45.7/100,0 38.5-45.7/100,0 123 23 1:2 1043 1,043 0. (0. (39 (60 (12 38.545.7/100, 385457100 4571000 45.7/100, 38.5-45.7/100, 1: 104 1,04 (0 (3 (6 (1 38.545.7/100 38545710 457100 45.7/100 38.5-45.7/100 1,0 38.545.7/10 3854571 45710 45.7/10 38.5-45.7/10 1, 38.545.7/1 385457 4571 45.7/1 38.5-45.7/1 38.545.7/ 38545 457 45.7/ 38.5-45.7/ 38.545.7 3854 45.7 38.5-45.7 38.545. 45. 38.5-45. 38.545 38.5-45 38.54 38.5-4 38.5-

Abstract. This study analyzed documents related to research on Learning Strategies in the university context through the conceptual mapping model and the socioformative approach. Learning Strategies are increasingly used in higher education and their implementation and application shape societal knowledge. Focus on this concept can inform methodological proposals aimed at modifying educational schemes, specifically as they relate to learning strategies applied to psychological faculty in Mexican public universities. The results of the systematic review suggest that learning strategies have been transformed in the previous few years. Beyond cognitive abilities, newly incorporated factors such as aptitudes and learning styles (that incorporate TIC’s), student ability to implement them, and learning motivation represent additional intrinsic factors.

Resumen. Se realizó un análisis documental del concepto estrategias de aprendizaje, aplicadas desde el contexto universitario, a través del modelo de cartografía conceptual desde el enfoque socioformativo. Las estrategias de aprendizaje son cada vez más usadas en la educación superior; su búsqueda y aplicación conforman la sociedad del conocimiento. El estudio de este concepto ayudará a realizar propuestas metodológicas para modificar los esquemas educativos universitarios, específicamente se busca incorporar la aplicación de las estrategias de aprendizaje en la facultad de psicología de una universidad pública mexicana. Los resultados, a través de la revisión sistemática, reflejan que las estrategias de aprendizaje se han transformado con el paso del tiempo, por lo que existen factores recién incorporados como son, aparte de las habilidades cognitivas, las aptitudes y los estilos de aprendizaje, los cuales incluyen el uso de TIC, la habilidad del estudiante para integrarlas a su aprendizaje y la motivación como factor intrínseco.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective procedure in the management of obesity, achieving a significant decrease in energy intake. Aim: To measure calorie and macronutrient intake in patients subjected to gastric bypass (GBP) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Material and Methods: We studied 53 patients subjected to SG and 27 subjected to GBP, who were in the first, second or sixth postoperative month. A food frequency consumption survey was applied by specialized nutritionists and their nutritional status was assessed. Results: Mean calorie intake in months 1, 2 and 6 were 505, 600 and 829.8 kcal, respectively. A significantly higher intake was observed at month 1 in patients with those subjected to SG, compared with GBP patients. Protein consumption was <60 g/d, except at 6 months in patients with GBP. At months 1, 2 and 6, mean consumption of lipids were 17, 28 and 30 g/day, respectively. The figures for carbohydrates were 42, 31 and 77 g/day, respectively. At month 1, patients with GBP had a higher BMI, equalizing at 6 months with those of SG. At 6 months 37% of patients had a normal body mass index and 17% remained obese. A negative correlation was observed between weight loss and energy intake during the first month (rho: −0.40; p = 0.033). Conclusions: Patients subjected to BS had a low calorie and macronutrient intake in the first six postoperative months. Their calorie intake is negatively associated with weight loss, mainly during the first postoperative month.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objectives of prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations are to offer the patient and her family the proper counseling, identify those conditions that benefits of prenatal therapy and to coordinate the referral to tertiary centers to improve neonatal survival. Our hospital counts with a multidisciplinary team who evaluate the patients together. The objective of this study is to describe our experience as a referral center in prenatal diagnosis, management and neonatal outcomes in Santiago de Chile. Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study. Patients registered in our prenatal diagnosis database between September 2010 and July 2019 were included. Clinical files were reviewed for neonatal outcomes. Outcomes: 404 patients with congenital malformations or aneuploidy markers were evaluated. The average gestational age of the evaluation was 29 weeks. Median gestational age to delivery was 37 weeks plus 6 days. 78% of livebirth, 12% fetal demise and 10% of neonatal death were obtained. The most frequent fetal malformations were cardiovascular, central nervous system, fetal hydrops, extremities, abdominal wall defects and urinary system. Fetal karyotype was performed in 232 patients; 61% normal karyotype, 12.5% trisomy 21, 8% trisomy 18, 4% trisomy 13, 4% monosomy X, 4% others. We also analyze the patients who agreed to termination of pregnancy according to Chilean legislation. Conclusion: We highlight the importance of referral of patients with suspected fetal malformations to tertiary centers for an adequate evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of specialists, to improve the survival and neonatal outcome.

RESUMEN Introducción: El diagnóstico prenatal de anomalías congénitas tiene como objetivo ofrecer consejería apropiada, identificar aquellas patologías que se benefician de terapia fetal y coordinar la derivación de estas pacientes a centros terciarios para un óptimo manejo perinatal. Para el diagnóstico y manejo de las anomalías congénitas en el Hospital Dr. Sótero Del Río contamos con un equipo multidisciplinario. El objetivo de este estudio es describir nuestra experiencia como centro de referencia en Santiago de Chile en relación al diagnostico prenatal de malformaciones congénitas, estudio genético prenatal y resultados perinatales. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se incluyó a las pacientes registradas en las bases de datos ecográficas entre 2010 y 2019 del Hospital Dr. Sotero del Rio. Se revisaron fichas clínicas para evaluación y seguimiento postnatal. Resultados: Se evaluaron 404 pacientes con sospecha de malformaciones congénitas o marcadores de aneuploidías. La edad gestacional media de la evaluación fue 29 semanas (14-38 semanas). La mediana de la edad gestacional al parto fue 37.6 semanas (20-41 semanas). Se obtuvo un 78% de recién nacidos vivos, 12% óbitos fetales y 10% mortineonatos. Las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron cardiovasculares, sistema nervioso central, hidrops, extremidades, abdomen y genitourinario. Se realizo el estudio genético en 232 pacientes; 61% resultado normal, 12.5% trisomía 21, 8% trisomía 18, 4% trisomía 13, 4% XO, 4% otras. Se analizaron las pacientes que se acogieron a la ley de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Conclusión: Destacamos la importancia de derivación a centros de referencia de pacientes con sospecha de malformaciones congénitas para un adecuado diagnostico prenatal, ofrecer un manejo con equipo multidisciplinario y así mejorar los resultados neonatales.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever os resultados obtidos em um programa de triagem neonatal após sua implementação e avaliar os perfis clínicos e moleculares de casos confirmados e suspeitos de hiperplasia adrenal congênita. Métodos: Foi feito um estudo transversal. Recém-nascidos com suspeita da doença devido aos altos níveis de 17-alfa-hidroxiprogesterona e ajustados pelo peso ao nascer foram selecionados. A hiperplasia adrenal congênita clássica (forma perdedora de sal e forma virilizante simples) foi diagnosticada por um aumento nos níveis de 17-alfa-hidroxiprogesterona confirmado no reteste, avaliação clínica e genótipo determinado com o uso do ensaio SNaPshot e amplificação multiplex de sondas dependente de ligação. Resultados: Após 24 meses, 15 casos clássicos de hiperplasia adrenal congênita foram diagnosticados em 217.965 recém-nascidos, com uma incidência estimada de 1:14.531. De 132 pacientes, sete não clássicos e 14 heterozigotos foram submetidos à triagem para mutações no gene CYP21A2 e 96 pacientes apresentaram resultados falso-positivos com CYP21A2 do tipo selvagem. No reteste, níveis aumentados de 17-alfa-hidroxiprogesterona foram encontrados em pacientes com hiperplasia adrenal congênita clássica e mostraram correlação significativa com HAC clássica relacionada ao genótipo. As mutações mais frequentes foram IVS2-13A/C>G, seguidas de deleção gênica ou eventos de rearranjo na forma clássica. Em casos de doenças não clássicas e heterozigose, a mutação p.Val282Leu foi a mais comum. Conclusões: Os resultados ressaltam a eficácia da triagem neonatal para a hiperplasia adrenal congênita no sistema público de saúde e indicam que a estratégia adotada foi adequada. A segunda coleta de amostras, juntamente com a genotipagem dos casos suspeitos, ajudou a diagnosticar adequadamente os casos graves e mais leves e diferenciá-los de pacientes com resultado falso-positivo.

Abstract Objective: To describe the results obtained in a neonatal screening program after its implementation and to assess the clinical and molecular profiles of confirmed and suspicious congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Newborns with suspected disease due to high 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels and adjusted for birth weight were selected. Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (salt-wasting and simple virilizing forms) was diagnosed by an increase in 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels as confirmed in the retest, clinical evaluation, and genotype determined by SNaPshot and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Results: After 24 months, 15 classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases were diagnosed in a total of 217,965 newborns, with an estimated incidence of 1:14,531. From 132 patients, seven non-classical and 14 heterozygous patients were screened for CYP21A2 mutations, and 96 patients presented false positives with wild type CYP21A2. On retest, increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were found in classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients and showed significant correlation with genotype-related classical genital adrenal hyperplasia. The most frequent mutations were IVS2-13A/C>G followed by gene deletion or rearrangement events in the classical form. In non-classical and heterozygous diseases, p.Val282Leu was the most common mutation. Conclusions: The results underscore the effectiveness of congenital adrenal hyperplasia neonatal screening in the public health system and indicate that the adopted strategy was appropriate. The second sample collection along with genotyping of suspected cases helped to properly diagnose both severe and milder cases and delineate them from false positive patients.

ABSTRACT Bariatric surgery (BS) has proven to be a safe and effective alternative for the resolution of obesity and its comorbidities. Part of the success of BS lies in the nutritional management of the patient, for which a medical-nutritional team, trained in bariatric nutrition, is required with the aim of modifying long-term habits and avoiding nutritional deficit. At present, there is no consensus in Chile on the pre-and post-BS nutritional management protocol. The objective of the 1st Consensus of Chilean Nutritionists on Bariatric Surgery is to be a guide for nutritionists who assist bariatric patients. This document summarizes the work done by Nutritionists of the Chilean Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (SCCBM), who, during 5 years, worked in face-to-face meetings and study commissions, reviewing scientific evidence, treatment guides and expert recommendations, which will support nutritional nutrition recommendations for each topic. The result is a document that standardizes criteria for the nutritional management of bariatric patients and generates the minimum topics to ensure quality nutritional care for Chilean bariatric teams.

RESUMEN La cirugía bariátrica (CB) ha demostrado ser una alternativa segura y eficaz para la resolución de la obesidad y sus comorbilidades. Parte del éxito de la CB, radica en el manejo nutricional del paciente, para lo que se requiere de un equipo médico-nutricional, entrenado en nutrición bariátrica, con el objetivo de evitar déficit nutricional y modificar hábitos a largo plazo. En la actualidad, no existe en Chile un consenso sobre el protocolo de manejo nutricional pre y post CB. El objetivo del 1er Consenso Chileno de Nutricionistas en Cirugía Bariátrica, es ser una guía para los nutricionistas que asisten a pacientes bariátricos. Este documento resume el trabajo realizado por los Nutricionistas de Sociedad Chilena de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica (SCCBM), quienes durante 5 años trabajaron en reuniones presenciales y comisiones de estudio, revisando evidencias científicas, guías de tratamiento y recomendaciones de expertos, que fundamentarán las recomendaciones alimentario nutricional para cada tema. El resultado es un documento que homologa criterios para el manejo nutricional de pacientes bariátricos y genera los tópicos mínimos para asegurar la atención nutricional de calidad en los equipos bariátricos chilenos.

Resumen El propósito de este artículo es ofrecer una fundamentación teórica y metodológica para el estudio y comprensión de los procesos de empobrecimiento y segregación socio espacial en nuestras sociedades contemporáneas, donde el desarrollo capitalista y la economía de mercado han determinado la estructuración y agudización de las desigualdades e inequidades sociales, exacerbando las brechas entre riqueza y pobreza. Algunas referencias permiten ubicar el fenómeno en el contexto mundial, latinoamericano y colombiano orientadas a comprender, medir y generar políticas públicas para la erradicación de la pobreza, haciendo énfasis en el modelo económico y en los procesos de empobrecimiento, para centrar la mirada en las percepciones que tiene la población acerca de la pobreza y de las acciones institucionales diseñadas para combatirla.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide a theoretical and methodological basis for the study and understanding of the processes of impoverishment and socio-spatial segregation that occur in our societies in contemporary contexts, where capitalist development and market economy have been determinant in the structuring of social inequalities and inequalities, exacerbating the gaps between wealth and poverty. Some references allow to locate the analysis of the phenomenon in Latin American and Colombian context oriented to understand, measure and generate public policies for the eradication of Poverty. What is also questioned is the place of the economic model in the processes of impoverishment and the perceptions that the population has about poverty and the institutional actions designed to combat it.

<p>O tratamento da fenilcetonúria (PKU) inclui o uso de uma fórmula metabólica (FM) fornecida sem custos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o uso da via judicial para obter tratamento para PKU no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, através de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, analisando ações judiciais. Foram incluídas ações judiciais arquivadas entre 2001-2010 que possuíam como beneficiários indivíduos com PKU solicitando alguma forma de tratamento para PKU. Foram localizados 20 casos, correspondendo a 16,8% dos pacientes com PKU no RS, sendo 19 obtidos para análise. Somente dois procuravam obter outras terapias que a FM. Nos outros 17 casos, uma solicitação de tratamento anterior fora concedida pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Os réus incluem o Estado (n = 19), União (n = 1) e municípios (n = 4). Em 18/19 casos, os tribunais decidiram a favor dos demandantes. Violação do direito à saúde e interrupção do tratamento prestado pelo Estado foram os principais motivos para recorrer aos tribunais. Diferente de outras doenças genéticas, os pacientes com PKU buscam o meio jurídico para obter um produto já incluso na política de assistência farmacêutica nacional, sugerindo que falhas de gestão são um dos fatores desencadeantes da judicialização no país.</p>

<p>Treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) includes the use of a metabolic formula which should be provided free of charge by the Unified Health System (SUS). This retrospective, observational study sought to characterize judicial channels to obtain PKU treatment in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Lawsuits filed between 2001- 2010 and having as beneficiaries PKU patients requesting treatment for the disease were included. Of 20 lawsuits filed, corresponding to 16.8% of RS patients with PKU, 19 were retrieved for analysis. Of these, only two sought to obtain therapies other than metabolic formula. In all the other 17 cases, prior treatment requests had been granted by the State Department of Health. Defendants included the State (n = 19), the Union (n = 1), and municipalities (n = 4). In 18/19 cases, the courts ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. Violation of the right to health and discontinuation of State-provided treatment were the main reasons for judicial recourse. Unlike other genetic diseases, patients with PKU seek legal remedy to obtain a product already covered by the national pharmaceutical assistance policy, suggesting that management failures are a driving factor for judicialization in Brazil.</p>

O tratamento da fenilcetonúria (PKU) inclui o uso de uma fórmula metabólica (FM) fornecida sem custos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o uso da via judicial para obter tratamento para PKU no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, através de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, analisando ações judiciais. Foram incluídas ações judiciais arquivadas entre 2001-2010 que possuíam como beneficiários indivíduos com PKU solicitando alguma forma de tratamento para PKU. Foram localizados 20 casos, correspondendo a 16,8% dos pacientes com PKU no RS, sendo 19 obtidos para análise. Somente dois procuravam obter outras terapias que a FM. Nos outros 17 casos, uma solicitação de tratamento anterior fora concedida pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Os réus incluem o Estado (n = 19), União (n = 1) e municípios (n = 4). Em 18/19 casos, os tribunais decidiram a favor dos demandantes. Violação do direito à saúde e interrupção do tratamento prestado pelo Estado foram os principais motivos para recorrer aos tribunais. Diferente de outras doenças genéticas, os pacientes com PKU buscam o meio jurídico para obter um produto já incluso na política de assistência farmacêutica nacional, sugerindo que falhas de gestão são um dos fatores desencadeantes da judicialização no país.

Treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) includes the use of a metabolic formula which should be provided free of charge by the Unified Health System (SUS). This retrospective, observational study sought to characterize judicial channels to obtain PKU treatment in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Lawsuits filed between 2001- 2010 and having as beneficiaries PKU patients requesting treatment for the disease were included. Of 20 lawsuits filed, corresponding to 16.8% of RS patients with PKU, 19 were retrieved for analysis. Of these, only two sought to obtain therapies other than metabolic formula. In all the other 17 cases, prior treatment requests had been granted by the State Department of Health. Defendants included the State (n = 19), the Union (n = 1), and municipalities (n = 4). In 18/19 cases, the courts ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. Violation of the right to health and discontinuation of State-provided treatment were the main reasons for judicial recourse. Unlike other genetic diseases, patients with PKU seek legal remedy to obtain a product already covered by the national pharmaceutical assistance policy, suggesting that management failures are a driving factor for judicialization in Brazil.

Introducción: el cáncer gástrico se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública en el mundo y en Colombia ocupando los primeros lugares en mortalidad. La oncoproteina Her2/neu ha demostrado ser un factor de mal pronóstico independiente, con una expresión variable de 8 a 91% y se asocia a una enfermedad más agresiva y menor respuesta al tratamiento. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de expresión de HER- 2/neu en carcinoma gástrico y su correlación histopatológica en pacientes del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga en el periodo de 2006 a 2009. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo corte transversal, con una población de 409 casos tomados del Registro Poblacional de Cáncer del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. La información se recolectó de las historias clínicas y los bloques de parafina. Se realizó inmunohistoquímica por el método manual de HERCEPTEST. Los grados 0 y 1 fueron interpretados como negativos, los grados 2 como equívocos y los grados 3 como positivos. A los equívocos se les realizó hibridación inmunofluorecente in situ. Resultados: hubo predominio en hombres con 243 casos, el subtipo histopatológico que prevaleció fue el intestinal con 230 casos, la expresión de HER2/neu fue positiva en 46 casos y no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con el subtipo histopatológico y género. Conclusiones: la expresión de HER2/neu fue positiva en 11,2% de los carcinomas gástricos de los pacientes del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga, lo cual es acorde con lo reportado en otros estudios y no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa con el subtipo histológico y género. (MÉD.UIS.2013;26(2):21-8).

Introduction: gastric cancer has become a public health problem in the world and in Colombia is one of the leading causes of mortality. The oncoprotein Her/2 neu has shown to be an independent bad prognostic factor with a variable expression ranging from 8 - 91% and has been associated with an aggressive disease and a lesser response to treatment. Aim: to determinate the frequency of Her/2 neu and its expression in gastric carcinoma, also its histopathologic correlation in patients from the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area during 2006 to 2009. Materials and methods: we conducted an observational cross-sectional study with a population of 409 cases from the Population based Cancer Registry from Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area. The information was collected from clinical history and paraffin blocks. The immunochemistry was made with manual HERCEPTEST method. Scores 0 and 1 were interpretated as negative, score 2 as equivocal and score 3 as positive. The samples that were equivocal underwent fluorescence immunohistochemistry in situ. Results: males predominated with 243 cases, the intestinal type was the more prevalent with 230 cases, Her/2 neu expression was positive in 46 cases and there was no significant statistical association with histopathological subtype or gender. Conclusions: expression of Her/2 neu was positive in 11.2% of gastric carcinomas of patients from Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, this finding is consistent with other reports, and neither there was any statistical significance association with subtype and gender. (MÉD.UIS.2013;26(2):21-8).

Introducción: Ninguna neoplasia ha generado tanta confusión en sus sistemas de clasificación como los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH). Una correcta tipificación es necesaria para el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento. Objetivos: clasificar los LNH del registro poblacional de cáncer del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Pacientes y métodos: SSe realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, utilizando como población los pacientes con LNH del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2006. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas y de inmunohistoquímica en bloques de parafina. Se utilizo la clasificación de linfomas de la OMS. Resultados: Se estudiaron 320 pacientes y se encontró predominio de la enfermedad en la 6ª y 7ª década. La distribución por género fue mayor en hombres con 61,26% y mujeres 45,6%. El sitio anatómico de compromiso más frecuente fue ganglios cervicales con 25,6%. La mayoría expresaron antígenos B, 86,8%, y T, 1,8%. El subtipo más frecuente fue difuso de célula grande en el 29,6%. Conclusiones: La mayoría los LNH del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga son de linajes B, nodales y de célula grande difuso. Fue evidente el uso limitado de otras técnicas para la clasificación de estas neoplasias en nuestra región. Salud UIS 2011; 43(1): 39-47

Introduction: There is not a neoplasm that has generated such confusion on its classification system such as the Non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. An adequate classification is necessary for diagnosis, prognostic and treatment. Objectives: To classify the NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area poblational cancer registry. Patients and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was made, using as population the patients with NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area from January 2000 until December 2006. The information was obtained from the clinical records and inmunohistochemistry in paraffin blocks. The WHO lymphoma classification was used. Results: 320 patients were studied and a predominance of the disease was found on the 6th and 7th decade of life. Gender distribution was higher in men with 61.26% and women 45.6%. The anatomical site more frequently affected were the cervical lymph nodes with 25.6%. Most of them expressed B antigens, 86.8%, and T, 1.8%. The most frequent subtype was diffuse large B cell in 29.6%. Conclusions: Most of the NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area are nodal, of B lineage, and diffuse large cell subtype. The limited use of other techniques for the classification of these neoplasms in our region was evident. Salud UIS 2011; 43(1): 39-47.

Describimos tres casos de síndrome de arteria mesentérica superior (SAMS), también conocido como síndrome de Wilkie, ileus duodenal crónico, o por órtesis ortopédicas ("cast syndrome") El síndrome ocurre por la compresión de la tercera porción del duodeno entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta. Los principales riesgos relacionados con la aparición del síndrome son la pérdida rápida de peso y las cirugías de columna vertebral. La presentación clínica del síndrome es variable e inespecífica, e incluye náuseas, vómito, dolor abdominal y pérdida de peso. El diagnóstico se basa en los hallazgos de la compresión duodenal por la arteria mesentérica superior por endoscopia, radiología contrastada y tomografía. El tratamiento se dirige a corregir la causa de base, la cual frecuentemente se relaciona con la pérdida de peso. Por lo tanto, el manejo es inicialmente conservador con nutrición suplementaria y se reserva la cirugía para aquellos casos que no respondan a la terapia nutricional.

We described three cases of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie’s syndrome, chronic duodenal ileus, or cast syndrome. This syndrome occurs when the third portion of the duodenum is compressed between the SMA and the aorta. The major risk factors for development of SMA syndrome are rapid weight loss and surgical correction of spinal deformities. The clinical presentation of SMA syndrome is variable and nonspecific, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss. The diagnosis is based on endoscopic, radiographic and tomographic findings of duodenal compression by the SMA. The treatment of SMA syndrome is aimed at the precipitating factor, which usually is related to weight loss. Therefore, conservative therapy with nutritional supplementation is the initial approach, and surgery is reserved for those who do not respond to nutritional therapy.