ABSTRACT. Rich in oil and protein, canola is a significantly promising crop and is widely explored as an alternative to grain cultivation in the winter period. Recently, canola oil has been largely consumed due to a variety of health benefits and low production costs. Nonetheless, impasses such as determining the correct sowing date and optimizing harvesting methods make it difficult to expand cultivation. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of two canola hybrids on three sowing dates and distinct harvesting procedures. The study was conducted in Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on three sowing dates (2019, 2020, and 2021), with two hybrids (Hyola 433 and Hyola 575 CL). The methods of direct harvesting, direct harvesting with the application of adjuvant, cut-row, and cut-row with the application of adjuvant were evaluated. The main yield components were determined, in addition to biochemical parameters, such as oil and protein content and determination of oil quality (acid, peroxide, iodine, extinction, and saponification indices). Appropriately, this study indicated that canola is significantly sensitive to climatic conditions, mainly to temperature and sowing time, reducing grain and biomass yield in late sowing and resulting in serious harvest losses. Oil and grain protein contents were affected by climatic conditions. Nevertheless, the protein content was not affected by late sowing. Canola oil presented significant chemical conditions, with a correlation between the crops with higher oil yield and better oil quality. ABSTRACT period Recently costs Nonetheless Accordingly procedures Sul Brazil 2019, 2019 (2019 2020 2021, 2021 , 2021) 43 57 CL. CL . CL) cutrow, cutrow cut row, row evaluated determined parameters acid, acid (acid peroxide iodine extinction indices. indices indices) Appropriately conditions time losses Nevertheless 201 (201 202 4 5 20 (20 2 (2 (

RESUMO A planta daninha Senna obtusifolia causa severos danos em áreas de pastagens no Brasil, devido à sua elevada produção e disseminação de sementes. Objetivou-se avaliar a ação bioherbicida do caldo fermentado de Phoma dimorpha na pré-emergência e pós-emergência de S. obtusifolia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos, um com e outro sem aplicação do caldo fermentado. Os efeitos bioherbicidas foram mensurados em bioensaios de pré-emergência (porcentagem de germinação), folhas destacadas (fitotoxicidade) e pós-emergência (fitotoxicidade, altura de planta e massa fresca de planta). A aplicação do caldo fermentado proporcionou ação bioherbicida em pré-emergência, inibindo em 100 % a germinação das sementes. Em folhas destacadas, ocasionou necrose e morte das folhas no nono dia após a aplicação. Na pós-emergência, essa aplicação ocasionou sintomas moderados, como manchas nas folhas e redução no tamanho da planta daninha. Conclui-se que o caldo fermentado de P. dimorpha possui ação herbicida potencial e, por isso, representa uma alternativa no desenvolvimento de bioprodutos para o controle sustentável de plantas daninhas em pastagens.

ABSTRACT The weed Senna obtusifolia causes severe damages to pasture areas in Brazil, due to its high production and seed spread. This study aimed to evaluate the bioherbicidal action of Phoma dimorpha fermented broth in the pre-emergence and post-emergence of S. obtusifolia. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments, one with and other without the application of the fermented broth. The bioherbicidal effects were measured in bioassays of pre-emergence (germination percentage), detached leaves (phytotoxicity) and post-emergence (phytotoxicity, plant height and fresh plant mass). The application of the fermented broth provided a pre-emergence bioherbicidal action, inhibiting the seed germination in 100 %. In detached leaves, it caused leaf necrosis and death on the ninth day after the application. In the post-emergence, this application caused moderate symptoms, such as leaf spots and reduction in the weed plant size. It was concluded that the P. dimorpha fermented broth has a potential herbicidal action and, therefore, represents an alternative in the development of bioproducts for a sustainable weed control in pastures.

Abstract Solanum viarum Dunal belongs to the Solanaceae family and it is considered to be a grazing weed toxic to cattle. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2) were applied to evaluate the extraction yield and chemical composition of fruits and roots matrices of Solanum viarum Dunal. A hydroalcoholic solution (60% ethanol/40% water, v/v) was the solvent used for UAE. For comparisons, extractions with Soxhlet and maceration were carried out. For SFE-CO2, the highest yield was obtained at 60°C and 250 bar. For UAE, the highest yield was obtained at an ultrasound intensity of 75.11 W/cm2 and pulse cycle of 0.93. The techniques seem to be efficient for the extraction of chemical compounds, indicating a large number of bioactive compounds. The major compounds are 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, quinic acid, octadecenoic acid, and solasodine. The results highlight the application of UAE to recover compounds from vegetal matrices, since it presented higher yields and more chemical constituents when compared with other techniques.

A adulteração do produto Ilex paraguariensis com outras espécies de Ilex é um dos principais problemas dos produtores de erva-mate. Neste trabalho, três espécies de Ilex foram avaliadas quanto à sua composição volátil por microextração em fase sólida acoplada à cromatografia gasosa e detector de espectro de massas (HS-SPME/GC-MS). As espécies adulterantes I. dumnosa e I. theizans Mart. ex Reissek apresentaram um perfil diferente de compostos orgânicos voláteis, quando comparadas com a I. paraguariensis. Os aldeídos metil-butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal e nonanal foram detectados apenas nas espécies adulterantes. Esse resultado sugere que esses compostos químicos são marcadores potenciais para a identificação de adulteração e análise da qualidade dos produtos à base de Ilex paraguariensis.

The adulteration of the product Ilex paraguariensis with other Ilex species is a mAjor problem for maté tea producers. In this work, three species of Ilex were evaluated for their volatile composition by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrum detector (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The adulterating species I. dumnosa and I. theizans Mart. ex Reissek presented a different profile of volatile organic compounds when compared to I. paraguariensis. Aldehydes methyl-butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal and nonanal were detected only in the adulterating species. This result suggests that such compounds are potential chemical markers for identification of adulteration and quality analysis of products based on Ilex paraguariensis.