ABSTRACT The state of Bahia has the third largest equine herd in Brazil, with the horse industry overtaking several sectors of the economy currently. However, animals may be exposed to several pathogenic agents, especially the equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. EIA is a persistent viral disease with a worldwide distribution and is considered the main infectious disease in horses. Therefore, this study sought data from serological survey EIA in Itapé and Barro Preto municipalities, inserted in the southern Coastal Identity Territory of Bahia, by using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. A total of 1,880 blood serum samples from Equidae older than 6 months were analyzed from 172 properties. The general prevalence of outbreaks was 25.58% (44/172), presenting 40.47% (34/84) in Barro Preto (cocoa zone) and 11.36% (10/88) in Itapé (livestock zone). The prevalence of positive animals in Itapé was 1.01% and in Barro Preto 12.15%. Each assessed property received a questionnaire with emphasis on sanitary management and a booklet containing basic disease information. It was concluded the EIA is endemic in two epidemiologically distinct areas in the Southern Coastal Identity Territory of Bahia, one with a high prevalence in the cocoa zone for both animals and properties, and the other, in livestock zone, with a significantly low prevalence for animals, however also high for properties. Regarding the risk factors, there was a correlation between the species and age of the animals. Mules and the elderly showed a significant association, probably due to the habitat they live in and longer exposure to the virus.

Objetivou-se determinar a melhor idade de desmame de cordeiros deslanados mestiços Santa Inês e comparar a eficiência dos sistemas de terminação em confinamento e em pastagem com suplementação de concentrado. Utilizaram-se 48 cordeiros (24 machos e 24 fêmeas) deslanados mestiços Santa Inês criados até o desmame em pastagem de Brachiaria humidicola com suplementação em alimentador restrito (creep-feeding). Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com um esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com seis idades de desmame (56, 70, 84, 98, 126 e 140 dias) e dois sexos. Os animais desmamados com 56 a 98 dias foram confinados até o abate, aos 126 dias de idade, enquanto os ovinos desmamados aos 126 e 140 dias foram abatidos ao desmame. Houve efeito significativo da interação idade de desmame x sexo sobre o ganho de peso total (GPT) e o ganho de peso diário do nascimento ao abate (GPD), de modo que os cordeiros desmamados aos 84 dias foram superiores às cordeiras desmamadas em mesma idade. Verificou-se efeito dessa interação também sobre o rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ), observando-se que as fêmeas desmamadas aos 70 dias de idade apresentaram maior RCQ que os machos desmamados na mesma época. Houve efeito linear decrescente da idade de desmame sobre o GPT e o GPD e efeito quadrático sobre o RCQ. O efeito de sexo foi significativo apenas sobre o RCQ, para o qual as cordeiras foram superiores. O ganho de peso total (GPT) do nascimento ao abate foi de 16,49 kg, o ganho de peso diário do nascimento ao abate (GPD), de 128,72 g, e o rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ), de 40,10%.

Forty-eight hair crossbred Santa Inês lambs (24 males and 24 females) grazing Brachiaria humidicola grass and creep fed until weaning were assigned to a completely randomized design with a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments; six weaning ages: 56, 70, 84, 98, 126, and 140 days and two genders: male and female. Animals that were weaned from 56 to 98 days of age were feedlot fed until slaughter (126 days) while those weaned at 126 and 140 days were slaughtered at weaning. A significant weaning age x gender interaction was observed for total weight gain from birth to slaughter (TWG), daily weight gain from birth to slaughter (DWG), and hot carcass yield (HCY); males weaned at 84 days old had greater TWG and DWG than females while females weaned at 70 days old showed higher HCY than males weaned at the same age. Both TWG and DWG decreased linearly with weaning age while a significant quadratic effect was found for HCY. Ewes showed greater HCY than wethers in this trial. Total weight gain from birth to slaughter, DWG, and HCY averaged, respectively 16.49 kg, 128.72 g, and 40.10%.

Trinta e dois cordeiros (16 machos e 16 fêmeas) deslanados mestiços de Santa Inês, criados com as matrizes em pastagem de Brachiaria humidicola e suplementados em creep-feeding no período noturno, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2 - quatro idades de desmame (56, 70, 84 e 98 dias) e sexo, com o objetivo de determinar a melhor idade para o desmame desses animais. Ao desmame, os cordeiros foram confinados, até completarem 126 dias de vida, em baias individuais, onde receberam feno de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp. cv Tifton 85), água e sal mineral ad libitum e ração concentrada na proporção de 2% do peso vivo. Houve efeito significativo da interação dos fatores idade de desmame e sexo sobre GPC e GPD, em que os cordeiros desmamados aos 84 dias foram superiores às cordeiras desmamadas com a mesma idade. Não se observou efeito significativo na interação dos fatores idade de desmame e sexo sobre GPND e CAC. Verificou-se efeito quadrático da idade de desmame para as variáveis GPND, GPD e CAC. Não se observou efeito significativo do sexo em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. A idade de desmame de 76 dias proporcionou maximização dos parâmetros GPND e GPD, enquanto a CAC mais eficiente foi observada nos animais desmamados aos 72 dias.

Thirty-two crossbred Santa Inês hair sheep lambs (16 males and 16 females) bred with their female progenitors on pasture of Brachiaria humidicola grass, supplemented in creep-feeding during the night, were allotted to a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement 4 x 2, four weaning ages (56, 70, 84 and 98 days) and sex to determine the best weaning age. At weaning, the lambs were confined in individual pens until 126 days old, when were daily fed Tifton 85 hay, water and mineral salt ad libitum and concentrate diet in the proportion of 2% body weight. There was a significant effect of weaning age vs sex interaction on DWC and DWG, where the males weaned at 84 days old were heavier than the females. No significant interaction of weaning age vs sex on DWBW and CFC was detected. Quadratic effects of weaning age on DWBW, DWG and CFC were noticed. No significant effect of sex on any of the studied parameters was detected. Seventy-six days weaned lambs maximized DWBW and DWG, while the most effective CFC was observed in seventy-two days weaned animals.