ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the incidence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: An ecological study with an analytical component of time series analysis was conducted in the state of Paraná from 2007 to 2022. The data source was the Notifiable Diseases Information System. To study the trend, the Prais–Winsten generalized linear regression model was used by decomposing the time series, and for spatial analysis, the Moran's index was applied. Results: The total sample consisted of 50,676 HIV/AIDS records. The incidence rate showed an increasing trend, with an average growth of 2.14% [95% confidence interval – 95%CI 1.16–3.13] per month. From 2007 to 2014 and from 2015 to 2022, the average number of cases in the state was 105.64 and 159.20 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, with significant variation among municipalities. Spatial clusters of high risk persisted in the metropolitan region, the capital, and coastal areas, and a new cluster was observed in the northern region of the state. Conclusion: The incidence rates of HIV/AIDS showed an upward trend over time. The number of cases varied considerably in some municipalities, especially in the coastal region. Spatial analysis revealed geospatial patterns of high risk in the main metropolitan areas of Paraná: Curitiba (including the coastal area), Londrina, and Maringá, which share characteristics such as a high degree of urbanization and ongoing economic development.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a evolução espaçotemporal das taxas de incidência do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com componente analítico de séries temporais e análise espacial no estado do Paraná, de 2007 a 2022. A fonte de dados foi o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Para estudar a tendência, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten por meio da decomposição de séries temporais e, para a análise espacial, foi aplicado o Índice de Moran. Resultados: A amostra total foi composta de 50.676 registros de HIV/AIDS. A taxa de incidência apresentou tendência crescente, com crescimento médio de 2,14% (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,16–3,13) ao mês. Nos períodos de 2007 a 2014 e 2015 a 2022, a média de casos no estado foi de 105,64 e 159,20 a cada 100 mil habitantes, respectivamente, com importantes variações entre os municípios. Agrupamentos espaciais de alto risco permaneceram na região metropolitana à capital e litoral e um novo agrupamento foi observado à região norte do estado. Conclusão: As taxas de incidência do HIV/AIDS apresentaram tendência temporal crescente. O número de casos variou substancialmente em alguns municípios, principalmente naqueles localizados na região litorânea. A análise espacial revelou padrões geoespaciais de alto risco nas principais regiões metropolitanas do Paraná: Curitiba (abrange o litoral), Londrina e Maringá, as quais compartilham características como elevado grau de urbanização e constante desenvolvimento econômico.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a evolução espaçotemporal das taxas de incidência do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico com componente analítico de séries temporais e análise espacial no estado do Paraná, de 2007 a 2022. A fonte de dados foi o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Para estudar a tendência, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten por meio da decomposição de séries temporais e, para a análise espacial, foi aplicado o Índice de Moran. Resultados: A amostra total foi composta de 50.676 registros de HIV/AIDS. A taxa de incidência apresentou tendência crescente, com crescimento médio de 2,14% (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,16–3,13) ao mês. Nos períodos de 2007 a 2014 e 2015 a 2022, a média de casos no estado foi de 105,64 e 159,20 a cada 100 mil habitantes, respectivamente, com importantes variações entre os municípios. Agrupamentos espaciais de alto risco permaneceram na região metropolitana à capital e litoral e um novo agrupamento foi observado à região norte do estado. Conclusão: As taxas de incidência do HIV/AIDS apresentaram tendência temporal crescente. O número de casos variou substancialmente em alguns municípios, principalmente naqueles localizados na região litorânea. A análise espacial revelou padrões geoespaciais de alto risco nas principais regiões metropolitanas do Paraná: Curitiba (abrange o litoral), Londrina e Maringá, as quais compartilham características como elevado grau de urbanização e constante desenvolvimento econômico. Objetivo HIV (HIV AIDS (AIDS Paraná Brasil Métodos 200 2022 Notificação PraisWinsten Prais Winsten Moran Resultados 50676 50 676 50.67 HIVAIDS crescente 214 2 14 2,14 intervalo 95 IC95 IC 1,16–3,13 116313 1 16 3 13 mês 201 10564 105 64 105,6 15920 159 20 159,2 10 habitantes respectivamente municípios Conclusão litorânea abrange litoral, , litoral) Maringá econômico 202 5067 5 67 50.6 21 2,1 9 IC9 1,16–3,1 11631 1056 6 105, 1592 15 159, 506 50. 2, 1,16–3, 1163 1,16–3 116 1,16– 11 1,16 1,1 1,

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the incidence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: An ecological study with an analytical component of time series analysis was conducted in the state of Paraná from 2007 to 2022. The data source was the Notifiable Diseases Information System. To study the trend, the Prais–Winsten generalized linear regression model was used by decomposing the time series, and for spatial analysis, the Moran's index was applied. Results: The total sample consisted of 50,676 HIV/AIDS records. The incidence rate showed an increasing trend, with an average growth of 2.14% [95% confidence interval – 95%CI 1.16–3.13] per month. From 2007 to 2014 and from 2015 to 2022, the average number of cases in the state was 105.64 and 159.20 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, with significant variation among municipalities. Spatial clusters of high risk persisted in the metropolitan region, the capital, and coastal areas, and a new cluster was observed in the northern region of the state. Conclusion: The incidence rates of HIV/AIDS showed an upward trend over time. The number of cases varied considerably in some municipalities, especially in the coastal region. Spatial analysis revealed geospatial patterns of high risk in the main metropolitan areas of Paraná: Curitiba (including the coastal area), Londrina, and Maringá, which share characteristics such as a high degree of urbanization and ongoing economic development. Objective HIV (HIV AIDS (AIDS Brazil Methods 200 2022 System PraisWinsten Prais Winsten Morans Moran s applied Results 50676 50 676 50,67 HIVAIDS records 214 2 14 2.14 95% 95 [95 95CI CI 1.16–3.13 116313 1 16 3 13 month 201 10564 105 64 105.6 15920 159 20 159.2 100000 100 000 100,00 inhabitants respectively municipalities capital Conclusion including area, area , area) Londrina Maringá development 202 5067 5 67 50,6 21 2.1 9 [9 1.16–3.1 11631 1056 10 6 105. 1592 15 159. 10000 00 100,0 506 50, 2. [ 1.16–3. 1163 1000 0 100, 1.16–3 116 1.16– 11 1.16 1.1 1.

SUMMARY The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 is a self-report instrument for assessing sexual desire in men and women. In Brazil, there is no validated sexual desire self-report for the adult population. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the evidence of validity for the content and construct of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with Brazilian men and women. The sample size was calculated using the criterion of more than 20 participants per item. The invitation to participate in the study was conducted online by the platform Survey Monkey®. The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 was evaluated for content, construct, reliability, and invariance. Results: A total of 818 female and male adults participated in the study. The two-dimensional factorial solution represented 71% of the total variance explained by the model, and the factorial loads of the model were ≥0.40; commonalities presented values ≥0.23. Reliability was measured by the coefficients of Cronbach's alpha with a total score of 0.87, McDonald's of 0.87, Omega, and greatest lower bound with a total score of 0.95. The metric invariance was tested for the sex variables ΔCFI (comparative fit index) and ΔRMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) with a total score of 0.01. Conclusion: The analyses indicate evidence of robust validity in the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2. selfreport self report women Brazil population Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional item Monkey Monkey® reliability Results 81 twodimensional two dimensional 71 ≥0.40 040 0 40 023 23 ≥0.23 Cronbachs Cronbach s 087 87 0.87 McDonalds McDonald Omega 095 95 0.95 comparative index root approximation 001 01 0.01 Conclusion 8 7 ≥0.4 04 4 02 ≥0.2 08 0.8 09 9 0.9 00 0.0 ≥0. 0. ≥0 ≥

ABSTRACT Objective: To traslate and validate of the Brazilian version of the SDI-2. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The cultural adaptation considered the stages of initial translation, synthesis of translations, evaluation by a committee of experts from different regions of Brazil, back-translation, and pre-test. The content validity and psychometric proprieties was assessed. Results: Ten specialists participated in the cultural adaptation of the SDI-2. The content validity showed a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) ≥ 0.75 (p = 0.05). A total of 674 subjects participated in the field study. The Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA) presented factor loads ≥ 0.445, and commonalities ≥ 0.40; and two dimensions represented 77% of the total variance explained. The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis CFA presented X2/df = 4.265; the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation RMSEA = 0.110; the Non-Normed Fit Index NNFI = 0.946; the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.963; the Goodness of Fit Index GFI = 0.986; and the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index AGFI = 0.979 for a two-factor model. The coefficient values for the total SDI-2 score were 0.91 for Cronbach's alpha, 0.91 for McDonald's Omega, and 0.97 for the Greatest Lower Bound GLB coefficients. The invariance between sexes was 0.01 for the ΔCFI and ΔRMSEA, showing model stability for these two populations. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the SDI-2 is self-report, valid, reliable and invariant across sex. Objective SDI2. SDI2 SDI 2. 2 Methods crosssectional cross sectional study translation translations Brazil backtranslation, backtranslation back back-translation pretest. pretest pre test. test pre-test assessed Results CVR (CVR 075 0 75 0.7 p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 05 0.05) 67 EFA (EFA 0445 445 0.445 0.40 040 40 77 explained X2df Xdf X2 df X 4.265 4265 4 265 0.110 0110 110 NonNormed Non Normed 0.946 0946 946 CFI (CFI 0.963 0963 963 0.986 0986 986 0979 979 twofactor SDI- 091 91 0.9 Cronbachs Cronbach s alpha McDonalds McDonald Omega 097 97 coefficients 001 01 0.0 ΔRMSEA populations Conclusion selfreport, selfreport self report, report self-report valid sex 07 7 0. 00 6 044 44 0.44 0.4 04 4.26 426 26 0.11 011 11 0.94 094 94 0.96 096 96 0.98 098 98 09 9 4.2 42 0.1 1 4.

ABSTRACT Background: Complications of leprosy neuritis are considered serious and apparent, with the potential to disable and/or limit individuals. These complications affect not only a patient’s physical functioning, but also their family and social lives, while directly impacting the ability to work and/or maintain financial independence, subsequently interfering with their overall quality of life. The present review, therefore, aimed to analyze the effectiveness of neurolysis as an alternative treatment for the complications associated with leprosy neuritis. Methods: The present review was performed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, in an effort to answer the following research question: what is the effectiveness of neurolysis as a treatment for leprosy neuritis complications? This research question was defined using the patient-intervention-outcome (PIO) framework, where leprosy represents ‘P’, neurolysis for ‘I’, and neuropathic pain/motor function/sensorial function/physical disability/quality of life for ‘O’. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and prospective observational cohort studies were included in the present review, with no time or date restrictions. Results: The present review included 1 randomized clinical trial and 10 prospective studies, published between 1976 and 2020. All of the outcomes showed improvement, with relief from neuropathic pain being the primary finding. Conclusions: The evidence obtained in the present review suggested that neurolysis is an effective alternative for the treatment of physical disabilities, the recovery of sensory and motor function, the restoration of quality of life, and neuropathic pain relief. Background apparent andor individuals patients patient s functioning lives independence therefore Methods methodology patientinterventionoutcome intervention outcome PIO (PIO framework ‘P, P ‘P , ‘P’ ‘I, I ‘I ‘I’ painmotor functionsensorial function sensorial functionphysical disabilityquality disability ‘O. O ‘O . ‘O’ nonrandomized non restrictions Results 197 2020 improvement finding Conclusions disabilities 19 202 20 2

Resumen Los márgenes multifuncionales (MMF) son franjas de vegetación espontánea o sembrada que se implantan en parcelas agrícolas desempeñando múltiples funciones. Establecerlos en cultivos herbáceos de secano es una práctica innovadora y fuente de múltiples beneficios medioambientales y agronómicos. Los márgenes sirven de refugio de fauna silvestre, favorecen la presencia de polinizadores e insectos auxiliares y representan una barrera física para la escorrentía y la deriva de productos fitosanitarios. Una vez que los márgenes son segados, los restos orgánicos se degradan por la biota del suelo, provocando una recirculación de nutrientes y el incremento de materia orgánica. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de los MMF sobre la biodiversidad de la fauna epigea y el secuestro de carbono en el suelo. Se compararon tres tipos de márgenes: dos mezclas diferentes de semillas sembradas y la flora espontánea como márgen testigo; asimismo se midió el cultivo adyacente. Los márgenes promovieron una mayor biodiversidad de artrópodos que el propio cultivo, especialmente coleópteros. El analisis de suelo mostró pérdida de carbono en el cultivo, manejado de forma tradicional, aumentando en todos los tipos de MMF, tanto sembrados como espontáneos. Esta práctica tiene un gran potencial de implantación en cualquier tipo de cultivo extensivo.

Abstract Multifunctional margins (MFM) are strips of spontaneous or sown vegetation that are implanted in agricultural plots performing multiple functions. Their establishment in rainfed arable crops is an innovative agricultural practice and a source of multiple environmental and agronomic benefits. They serve as shelter for wildlife, favour the presence of pollinators and auxiliary insects and represent a physical barrier to runoff and drift of phytosanitary products. Once the margins are mowed, the organic residues are degraded by the soil biota, causing a recirculation of nutrients and an increase in organic matter. In this work, the effects of MFM on biodiversity of epigean fauna and the carbon sequestration in soil were studied. Three types of margins were compared: two different sown mixtures and spontaneous flora as control; likewise, the adjacent crop was tested. The margins promoted greater arthropod biodiversity than the crop, especially beetles. The soil analysis showed a loss of carbon in the crop conventionally managed, increasing in all types of MFM either sown as spontaneous ones. This practice has great potential of implementation in any type of extensive crop.

ABSTRACT Ganglioneuroblastoma is a tumor derived from neuroblasts, generally related to sympathetic structures, which is usually located in the adrenal gland. In this article, we present a rare case of a patient with cervical ganglioneuroblastoma, who developed sleep disorders since the first year of life due to compression of the airway.

RESUMEN El ganglioneuroblastoma es un tumor derivado de los neuroblastos, generalmente originado a partir de estructuras simpáticas, típicamente localizado en la glándula suprarrenal. En este artículo presentamos un caso excepcional de una paciente de 6 años con un ganglioneuroblastoma cervical que desarrolló trastornos del sueño derivados de la compresión de la vía aérea desde su primer año de vida.

Abstract We described two similar teratological cases with multiple malformations and loss of symmetry observed in specimens of Amithao decemguttatus (Waterhouse, 1876) (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) and Megaceras jason (Fabricius, 1775) (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Colombia.

Resumen Se describen dos casos teratológicos similares con múltiples malformaciones y pérdida de simetría observados en especímenes de Amithao decemguttatus (Waterhouse, 1876) (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) y Megaceras jason (Fabricius, 1775) (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) de Colombia.

Resumen En este ensayo postulamos la pertinencia de la “visión” centro-periferia a fin de caracterizar el capitalismo global en sus distintos periodos y, en especial, en la actualidad. Se enfatizan las asimetrías entre países centrales y periféricos, y cómo éstas despliegan un patrón de desarrollo desigual, donde las relaciones de dependencia entre ambos se comprenden por la subordinación que ejerce el polo central sobre el periférico. El capitalismo global, así configurado, confiere a los centros económicos poderes de mercado de tipo oligopólico -en algunos casos también oligopsónico-, lo que acentúa una relación de carácter rentista entre ambos polos. Como corolario central de nuestro análisis, señalamos que las relaciones centro-periferia en el siglo XXI exacerban el rentismo a la vez que lo diversifican, de acuerdo con distintas estrategias de apropiación de rentas afines con las especificidades periféricas. Así, podemos distinguir un rentismo “clásico” derivado de la extracción de recursos naturales, el rentismo financiero característico de la fase neoliberal del capitalismo y la emergencia de un nuevo rentismo digital asociado con la economía de plataformas.

Abstract In this essay, we postulate the relevance of the center-periphery “vision” to characterize global capitalism in its different periods and, especially, at present. We emphasize the asymmetries between central and peripheral countries, and how they display a pattern of unequal development, where the relations of dependence between the two are understood by the subordination exercised by the central pole over the peripheral one. Global capitalism, thus configured, confers on the economic centers oligopolistic-in some cases also oligopsonistic-market powers, accentuating a rentier relationship between the two poles. As a central corollary of our analysis, we point out that center-periphery relations in the 21st century exacerbate rentierism while diversifying it, under different rent appropriation strategies related to peripheral specificities. Thus, we can distinguish a “classic” rentierism derived from the extraction of natural resources, the financial rentierism characteristic of the neoliberal phase of capitalism, and the emergence of a new digital rentierism associated with the platform economy.

Resumen Este artículo ofrece una versión sintetizada de la introducción al libro Desarrollo e igualdad: el pensamiento de la CEPAL en su séptimo decenio. Textos seleccionados del periodo 2008-2018, publicado con motivo de la conmemoración de los 70 años de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en 2018 (Bárcena, Bielschowsky y Torres, 2018). La presente versión captura del texto original esencialmente dos elementos con que la CEPAL expuso, con centralidad en igualdad y justicia social, sus mensajes de transformación estructural con sostenibilidad ambiental: 1) la continuidad en la orientación neoestructuralista, y 2) un conjunto de nuevas formulaciones conceptuales.

Abstract This article is a synthesized version of the introduction to the book Desarrollo e igualdad: el pensamiento de la CEPAL en su séptimo decenio. Textos seleccionados del periodo 2008-2018, published in 2018 to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) (Bárcena, Bielschowsky, and Torres, 2018). The present version captures from the original text essentially two elements with which the ECLAC set out, with a focus on equality and social justice, its messages of structural transformation with environmental sustainability: 1) continuity in the neo-structuralist orientation, and 2) a set of new conceptual formulations.

ABSTRACT In Cuba, a study was carried out on diseases of the ocular system in dogs and cats in the period 2000-2013 in the specialized ophthalmology clinic of the main veterinary clinic in Havana, Cuba. Based on these results, the objective of this work was to describe the frequency of these eye diseases in the period 2014 to 2020. The sample was made up of 3186 dogs and 177 domestic cats (n=3363), which was stratified by breed, sexes, and ages. In dogs, it was determined that Pekingese breed (2070; 65%), females (1820; 57%) and animals between 1-5 years (1413; 44%) and 6 or more years (977; 31%) were the most affected. Conditions of the lacrimal system (69%), cornea (10%), eyelids (9%) and conjunctiva (7%) were most frequently diagnosed. In cats, it was found that American shorthairs (160; 90%), females (115; 65%) and animals between 1 and 5 years old (74; 42%) were the most affected. In this species, the main eye conditions were those of the cornea (28%), conjunctiva (22%), upper and lower eyelids (22%) and the third eyelid (19%).

RESUMEN En Cuba se realizó un estudio sobre enfermedades del sistema ocular en perros y gatos en el periodo 2000-2013 en la consulta especializada en oftalmología de la clínica veterinaria principal de La Habana, Cuba. Con base a esos resultados, el objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la frecuencia de estas enfermedades oculares en el periodo 2014 a 2020. La muestra quedó integrada por 3186 perros y 177 gatos domésticos (n=3363), la cual se estratificó por razas, sexos y edades. En los perros se determinó que los pekineses (2070; 65%), las hembras (1820; 57%) y a los animales entre 1-5 años (1413; 44%) y 6 o más años (977; 31%) eran los más afectados. Las afecciones del sistema lagrimal (69%), córnea (10%), párpados (9%) y conjuntiva (7%) se diagnosticaron con mayor frecuencia. En los gatos se halló que los pelicortos americanos (160; 90%), las hembras (115; 65%) y los animales comprendidos entre 1 a 5 años (74; 42%) fueron los más asistidos. En esta especie, las principales afecciones oculares fueron las de la córnea (28%), conjuntiva (22%), párpado superior e inferior (22%) y el tercer párpado (19%).

ABSTRACT Pet ownership (PO) exerts beneficial effects on the physical and psycho-emotional health of the people with whom they live, even in pandemic contexts. Animals benefit from receiving attention and care and avoiding health risks, based on the «One Health» approach. Considering the contributions and importance of the subject, a compilation study of works carried out by the authors was carried out to determine the perception of the benefits of PO in different population sectors. These were exploratory and descriptive studies, cross-sectional and quantitative conducted at the National Institute of Endocrinology and the main Veterinary Clinic of Havana, in which people responsible for companion animals (PO). These people had chronic diseases (cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic), sexual and reproductive health conditions (infertility) and sexual identity (homoerotic and transsexual sexual orientation), in different stages of life (middle and elderly), from 2013 to 2020 (during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic). Self- administered questionnaires prepared by the research team were used. The results were processed using descriptive statistics and ethical aspects were considered. Most of the participants expressed satisfaction with PO, perceived its benefits on their physical and emotional health, motivated them to take better care of themselves and engage in physical activities, and during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Besides, PO decreased the negative effects of social distancing. Dogs and cats were the preferred animals for emotional reasons.

RESUMEN La tenencia de animales de compañía (TAC) ejerce efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud física y psico-emocional de las personas con quienes conviven, aún en contextos de pandemia. Los animales se benefician al recibir atención y cuidados y evitar los riesgos sanitarios, basados en el enfoque «Una salud». Considerando los aportes y la importancia de la temática, se hizo un estudio recopilativo de trabajos realizados por los autores con el objetivo de determinar la percepción de los beneficios de la TAC en diferentes sectores poblacionales. Se trató de estudios exploratorios y descriptivos, de carácter transversal y cuantitativo en el Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología y la Clínica Veterinaria principal de la Habana, en los que participaron los responsables de animales de compañía (AC). Estas personas presentaban enfermedades crónicas (cardiovasculares y endocrino-metabólicas), condiciones de salud sexual y reproductiva (infertilidad) e identidad sexual (orientación sexual homoerótica y transexuales), en diferentes etapas de la vida (mediana y tercera edad), desde 2013 hasta 2020 (durante el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19). Se utilizaron cuestionarios autoadministrados confeccionados por el equipo de investigación. Los resultados se procesaron mediante estadística descriptiva y se consideraron los aspectos éticos. La mayoría de los participantes expresaron satisfacción por la TAC, percibieron sus beneficios sobre su salud física y emocional, los motivaba a cuidarse más y a realizar actividades físicas, y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y, asimismo, la TAC disminuyó los efectos negativos del distanciamiento social. Los anima- les preferidos son los perros y los gatos por razones afectivas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the experience of health professionals who provided first-line care to infected patients during the COVID-19 pandemic during the first wave. Material and Methods: Participants were recruited from among physicians and nurses in several hospitals and health centers in Spain. Narratives were obtained through three focus groups. Qualitative methodology was used according to exploratory, inductive, and ethnographic principles. Results: The experience of the health personnel was classified into six categories: The reaction and organization of health workers, materials and tests, emotional aspects of care, ethical conflicts, health management of the pandemic, and the social role of health workers. Conclusions: Healthcare workers took a proactive approach during the pandemic. Weaknesses and strengths in the provision of health care were. The capacity of emotional self-regulation of the health care workers is shown to be key to the ability of the health care system to continue operating.

RESUMEN. Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia de los profesionales que atendieron en primera línea a los pacientes infectados durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Los participantes fueron reclutados entre médicos y enfermeras de varios hospitales y centros de salud en España. Sus narrativas se obtuvieron a través de tres grupos focales. Se empleó la metodología cualitativa, de acuerdo con sus principios exploratorios, inductivos y etnográficos. Resultados: La experiencia del personal sanitario se clasificó en seis categorías: La reacción y organización de los sanitarios, el material y las pruebas, los aspectos emocionales en relación con la asistencia, los conflictos éticos, la gestión sanitaria de la pandemia y el papel social de los sanitarios. Conclusiones: Los sanitarios adoptaron un rol proactivo durante la pandemia. Se señalan las vulnerabilidades y las fortalezas de la asistencia. Los aspectos que tiene que ver con la regulación emocional de los sanitarios resultan claves para el funcionamiento asistencial.

Abstract The formation of medical students in clinical nutrition is scattered throughout the curriculum and is insufficient in many cases. This article reviews the status of nutrition in the curriculum, giving some keys for an effective inclusion therein. Also, basic concepts regarding talent are explained from a practical point of view, and the importance of talent in clinical nutrition and how to work with talent is discussed.

Resumen La formación en nutrición clínica de los estudiantes de medicina está disgregada a lo largo de la carrera y es insuficiente en muchos casos. En este artículo se revisa la situación de la nutrición en los planes de estudio y se dan algunas claves para su inclusión de manera efectiva en el currículo. Además, se explican conceptos básicos relacionados con el talento, desde un punto de vista práctico, y se discute la importancia del talento en la nutrición clínica y cómo trabajarlo.

RESUMEN. Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia de los profesionales que atendieron en primera línea a los pacientes infectados durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Los participantes fueron reclutados entre médicos y enfermeras de varios hospitales y centros de salud en España. Sus narrativas se obtuvieron a través de tres grupos focales. Se empleó la metodología cualitativa, de acuerdo con sus principios exploratorios, inductivos y etnográficos. Resultados: La experiencia del personal sanitario se clasificó en seis categorías: La reacción y organización de los sanitarios, el material y las pruebas, los aspectos emocionales en relación con la asistencia, los conflictos éticos, la gestión sanitaria de la pandemia y el papel social de los sanitarios. Conclusiones: Los sanitarios adoptaron un rol proactivo durante la pandemia. Se señalan las vulnerabilidades y las fortalezas de la asistencia. Los aspectos que tiene que ver con la regulación emocional de los sanitarios resultan claves para el funcionamiento asistencial.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the experience of health professionals who provided first-line care to infected patients during the COVID-19 pandemic during the first wave. Material and Methods: Participants were recruited from among physicians and nurses in several hospitals and health centers in Spain. Narratives were obtained through three focus groups. Qualitative methodology was used according to exploratory, inductive, and ethnographic principles. Results: The experience of the health personnel was classified into six categories: The reaction and organization of health workers, materials and tests, emotional aspects of care, ethical conflicts, health management of the pandemic, and the social role of health workers. Conclusions: Healthcare workers took a proactive approach during the pandemic. Weaknesses and strengths in the provision of health care were. The capacity of emotional self-regulation of the health care workers is shown to be key to the ability of the health care system to continue operating.