Resumen: La investigación determinó el efecto de la mediación de un videojuego educativo en el fortalecimiento de la resolución de problemas de matemáticas. El método cuantitativo con alcance descriptivo fue aplicado. La muestra fue no probabilística con 20 estudiantes de la Institución Educativa San Jorge, en la vereda Las Damas, Municipio de Purificación, Departamento de Tolima. Las variables estudiadas fueron: desempeño en resolución de problemas, mecánicas y percepción del videojuego. La encuesta inicial reflejó que un 90% no poseían habilidades matemáticas básicas y tenían una percepción negativa del área. Entonces, fue diseñada una estrategia educativa con un videojuego denominado Corredor Matemático de Pensamiento Variacional (Comapeva), en tercera persona con Unity 3D, Adobe Ilustrator y Autodesk 3d. Fue protagonizado por Comaco: joven aventurero que superó retos matemáticos. El guion narrativo combinó elementos del constructivismo, Aprendizaje Basado en Retos (ABR) y modelo instruccional ADDIE (Análisis, Diseño, Desarrollo, Implementación y Evaluación). La herramienta fue implementada con el apoyo de los docentes. Con el videojuego el 100% de los estudiantes resolvieron retos con diversas estrategias. Disminuyó un 21% el tiempo de desarrollo de los problemas, y un 33% las solicitudes de apoyo del docente. La concentración, atención, memoria, agilidad mental, interpretación y análisis fueron fortalecidas. El videojuego facilitó la construcción de conocimientos en matemáticas de forma sustancial. En consecuencia, fue innovador, motivador y permitió la trasformación de prácticas educativas según las necesidades de aprendizaje.

Abstract: The research considers the effect of the mediation of an educational video game in strengthening mathematics problem solving. The quantitative method with a descriptive scope was applied. The sample was non-probabilistic with 20 students from the San Jorge Educational Institution, in Las Damas village, Municipality of Purificación, Department of Tolima. The variables studied were problem-solving performance, game mechanics, and videogame perception. The initial survey showed that 90% of the students did not have basic mathematical skills and had a negative perception of the subject area. Therefore, an educational strategy was then designed using a video game called the Variational Thinking Mathematical Corridor (Comapeva). The game was developed in third person using Unity 3D, Adobe Illustrator, and Autodesk 3d. It starred Comaco: a young adventurer who overcame mathematical challenges. The narrative script combined elements of constructivism, Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) and instructional model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The tool was implemented with the support of the teachers. With the video game, 100% of the students were able to solve challenges using various strategies. Problem development time decreased by 21%, and teacher support requests decreased by 33%. Concentration, attention, memory, mental agility, interpretation, and analysis skills were all strengthened. The video game facilitated the construction of knowledge in mathematics in a substantial way. Consequently, the video game was found to be innovative and motivating, and it allowed for the transformation of educational practices according to the students' learning needs.

Abstract: The main objective of the present study is to assess the processes and changes on quality of life, social equity, and transformations due to the actions of students with engineering projects and their considerations. The methodology conducted for a period of eight years is based on interviews, observation grids, and field diaries with first, sixth, and tenth semester civil engineering students from three universities. The results show changes in students and monitors for the variables assessed, especially in growth knowledge build-up due to the considerations examined for both professional and in human competencies. Based on these processes, it is concluded that training with projects is relevant for learning in civil engineering and for improving the quality of life of professional environments.

Resumen: El principal objetivo del presente estudio es observar los procesos y los cambios en la calidad de vida, la equidad social y las trasformaciones por las acciones de los estudiantes con proyectos de ingeniería y sus reflexiones. La metodología aplicada por un periodo de ocho años se basa en entrevistas, rejillas de observación y diarios de campo con estudiantes de ingeniería civil de primero, sexto y décimo semestre de tres universidades. Los resultados muestran cambios efectuados en estudiantes y monitores en las variables descritas, especialmente en el crecimiento en la construcción de conocimiento por las reflexiones consideradas tanto en lo disciplinar como en competencias humanas. Con base en estos procesos, se concluye que la formación con proyectos es relevante para el aprendizaje en ingeniería civil y para mejorar la calidad de vida de los entornos de los profesionales.

Resumo Antecedentes A encefalite autoimune (EA) consiste em um grupo de doenças adquiridas que afetam o sistema nervoso central. Objetivo Descrever uma série de pacientes diagnosticados com EA em um contexto de atenção terciária à saúde com recursos limitados e analisar a terapêutica e os resultados. Métodos Revisamos retrospectivamente os prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes diagnosticados com EA no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre de 2014 a 2022. Os dados coletados incluíram apresentação clínica, neuroimagem, exames de líquido cefalorraquidiano, eletroencefalograma, autoanticorpos, tratamentos, resultados, tempo de acompanhamento, grau de comprometimento neurológico e mortalidade. Resultados Dados de 17 pacientes foram coletados. Onze casos foram classificados como EA definitivo e seis como EA possível. Autoanticorpos foram identificados em nove pacientes. O tempo para o diagnóstico foi afetado pelos altos custos associados ao teste de autoanticorpos. A maioria dos pacientes tornou-se funcionalmente dependente (82,4%), e a maioria dos sobreviventes permaneceu com epilepsia autoimune associada (75%). Cinco pacientes faleceram durante a internação, e um após 26 meses de seguimento. Conclusão No hospital em questão, os pacientes com EA tiveram um desfecho clínico pior do que o previamente descrito na literatura. O desenvolvimento de epilepsia durante o acompanhamento e a mortalidade foram maiores, enquanto o desfecho funcional foi inferior. Os testes de autoanticorpos foram inicialmente negados para a maioria dos pacientes, o que impactou o diagnóstico definitivo e o uso de terapias de segunda linha. (EA central resultados 201 2022 clínica neuroimagem cefalorraquidiano eletroencefalograma tratamentos 1 possível tornouse tornou se 82,4%, 824 82,4% , 82 4 (82,4%) 75%. 75 75% . (75%) internação 2 seguimento questão literatura maiores inferior linha 20 202 82,4 8 (82,4% 7 (75% 82, (82,4 (75 (82, (7 (82 ( (8

Abstract Background Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) consists of a group of acquired diseases that affect the central nervous system. A myriad of phenotypes may be present at the onset. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, it is difficult to achieve uniformity for the diagnostic and therapeutic processes and follow-up strategies. Objective To describe a series of patients diagnosed with AE in a resource-limited public hospital in southern Brazil and to analyze therapeutics and outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with AE at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from 2014 to 2022. Data collected included clinical presentation, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid testings, electroencephalogram, autoantibodies, treatments, outcomes, follow-up time, degree of neurological impairment, and mortality. Results Data from 17 patients were retrieved. Eleven cases were classified as definite AE and 6 as possible AE. Autoantibodies were identified in 9 patients. Timing for diagnosis was impacted by the high costs associated with autoantibody testing. Most patients became functionally dependent (82.4%) and most survivors remained with autoimmune-associated epilepsy (75%). Five patients died during hospitalization, and one after a 26-month of follow-up. Conclusion In this resource-limited hospital, patients with AE had a worse clinical outcome than that previously described in the literature. Development of epilepsy during follow-up and mortality were greater, whilst functional outcome was inferior. Autoantibody testing was initially denied in most patients, which impacted the definitive diagnosis and the use of second-line therapies. (AE system onset presentations followup follow up strategies resourcelimited resource limited outcomes 201 2022 presentation neuroimaging testings electroencephalogram autoantibodies treatments time impairment 1 retrieved 82.4% 824 82 4 (82.4% autoimmuneassociated autoimmune 75%. 75 75% . (75%) hospitalization 26month month 26 followup. up. literature greater inferior secondline second line therapies 20 202 82.4 8 (82.4 7 (75% 2 82. (82. (75 (82 (7 (8 (

Resumo Antecedentes A cirurgia de epilepsia é reconhecida por sua eficácia no controle de crises em um número significativo de pacientes com epilepsia resistente a medicamentos. Apesar disso, persiste uma deficiência notável na referência desses pacientes para monitoramento por vídeo-eletroencefalograma (EEG) e avaliação cirúrgica. Para avaliar essa lacuna, a Adequação Canadense da Cirurgia de Epilepsia (Canadian Appropriateness of Epilepsy Surgery CASES, na sigla em inglês), uma ferramenta online para avaliação de cirurgia de epilepsia (www.epilepsycases.com), foi desenvolvida para auxiliar médicos no processo de selecionar pacientes com epilepsia refratária para avaliações cirúrgicas. Objetivo Avaliar a utilidade da CASES na identificação de candidatos para cirurgia de epilepsia, facilitando assim os processos de decisão terapêutica para pacientes com epilepsia resistente a medicamentos. Métodos Foi realizada uma análise transversal usando a plataforma CASES para estimar a necessidade de avaliação cirúrgica entre indivíduos com epilepsia. Os participantes foram selecionados dentre aqueles em atendimento na Clínica de Epilepsia do Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, durante um período de 3 meses. O estudo incluiu uma coorte de 211 pacientes. Os dados foram sistematicamente extraídos dos prontuários médicos dos pacientes ou coletados durante consultas clínicas. Resultados Da coorte avaliada, 59,6% foram identificados como potenciais candidatos para monitoramento por vídeo-EEG e subsequente avaliação cirúrgica. Fatores significativamente associados com recomendações para vídeo-EEG e avaliação cirúrgica incluíram a frequência de crises, o número de drogas anticrise (DACs) testadas e a ocorrência de efeitos adversos relacionados aos medicamentos. Conclusão A CASES mostrou um potencial significativo em orientar as recomendações para monitoramento por vídeo-EEG e facilitar o encaminhamento de pacientes para avaliação cirúrgica. Ferramentas como essas podem não apenas melhorar os tratamentos e resultados dos pacientes, mas também contribuir para economias de custo no manejo da epilepsia a curto e longo prazo. medicamentos disso vídeoeletroencefalograma vídeo eletroencefalograma EEG (EEG lacuna Canadian inglês, inglês , inglês) www.epilepsycases.com, wwwepilepsycasescom www.epilepsycases.com www epilepsycases (www.epilepsycases.com) cirúrgicas Neurologia Alegre meses 21 clínicas avaliada 596 59 6 59,6 vídeoEEG DACs (DACs prazo (www.epilepsycases.com 2 5 59,

Abstract Background Epilepsy surgery is recognized for its effectiveness in controlling seizures in a significant number of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Despite this, there remains a notable deficiency in referring these patients for video-electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring and surgical evaluation. Addressing this gap, the Canadian Appropriateness of Epilepsy Surgery (CASES), an online tool for epilepsy surgery evaluation (www.epilepsycases.com), was developed to aid physicians in the referral process of patients with refractory epilepsy to surgical assessments. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the utility of CASES in identifying candidates for epilepsy surgery, thereby facilitating clinical decision-making for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the CASES platform to assess surgical candidacy among individuals with epilepsy. Participants were selected among those receiving care at the Epilepsy Clinic of the Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, over a 3-month period. The study cohort included 211 patients. Data were systematically extracted from patient medical records or collected during clinical appointments. Results Of the evaluated cohort, 59.6% were identified as potential candidates for video-EEG monitoring and subsequent surgical evaluation. Factors significantly associated with recommendations for video-EEG and surgical assessment included seizure frequency, the number of antiseizure medications (ASMs) trialed, and the occurrence of drug-related adverse effects. Conclusion The CASES showed significant potential in guiding recommendations for video-EEG monitoring and facilitating referrals for epilepsy surgery. This tool may not only enhance patient treatments and outcomes but also contribute to cost savings in epilepsy management in both the short and long term. drugresistant drug resistant videoelectroencephalogram video electroencephalogram EEG (EEG gap CASES, , (CASES) www.epilepsycases.com, wwwepilepsycasescom www.epilepsycases.com www epilepsycases com (www.epilepsycases.com) assessments decisionmaking decision making crosssectional cross sectional Service Alegre Brazil 3month month 3 period 21 appointments 596 59 6 59.6 videoEEG frequency ASMs (ASMs trialed drugrelated related effects term (CASES (www.epilepsycases.com 2 5 59.

Abstract This case report describes a favorable healing outcome of the immediate management of an oblique tooth root fracture in the middle third concomitant with coronal fragment extrusion in a permanent maxillary left central incisor of a healthy 14-year-old female patient. The clinical exam showed incisal irregularity, local bleeding, increased mobility, and axial displacement of the maxillary left central incisor. The coronal fragment was repositioned and stabilized with a flexible splint for four weeks. The parents and the patient received medication prescriptions and instructions. Clinical and radiographic conditions remained satisfactory at the 4-week, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Thermal and percussion tests confirmed pulp vitality after 12 months. Hard tissue formation between segments was observed in the radiographic examination and cone-beam computed tomography. In conclusion, the immediate conservative therapeutic showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic results.

Resumo Este relato de caso descreve resultados de cicatrização favorável para o tratamento imediato de fratura dentária radicular oblíqua no terço médio concomitante à extrusão do fragmento coronal de um incisivo central superior esquerdo permanente de uma paciente saudável de 14 anos de idade. O exame clínico demonstrou irregularidade incisal, sangramento local, aumento da mobilidade e deslocamento axial do incisivo central superior esquerdo. O fragmento coronal extruído foi reposicionado e estabilizado com contenção flexível por quatro semanas. Prescrições de medicamentos e instruções foram dadas aos pais e ao paciente. As condições clínicas e radiográficas permaneceram satisfatórias nos acompanhamentos de 4 semanas, 6 meses e 12 meses. A vitalidade pulpar foi confirmada por testes térmicos e de percussão após 12 meses. A formação de tecido duro entre os segmentos fraturados foi observada no exame radiográfico e na tomografia computadorizada de feixe cónico. Em conclusão, a terapêutica conservadora imediata apresentou resultados clínicos e radiográficos satisfatórios.

Abstract The components of grammatical meaning contained in dentro, adentro, fuera and afuera determine the distribution that these lexical items have before the verb. The verb assigns syntactic functions to the components; such assignation will depend on the semantics of the verb, and the functions that dentro, adentro, fuera and afuera take in the clause, as arguments or adjuncts. Under specific circumstances, verbs do not activate the grammatical component ORIENTATION contained in adentro and afuera. This meaning then remains present without taking any function in the syntax. The distribution of these words in Mexican Spanish differs in specific aspects from what has been described for other dialects.

Resumen Los rasgos de significado gramatical de las expresiones dentro, adentro, fuera y afuera determinan la distribución que estas piezas léxicas tienen ante los verbos. Esos rasgos cumplen en la sintaxis funciones que están asignadas por los verbos. La asignación de tales funciones depende de la semántica del verbo y de si las frases de dentro, adentro, fuera y afuera se encuentran como argumentos o adjuntos. En casos específicos, los verbos no alcanzan a activar el rasgo ORIENTACIÓN contenido en adentro y afuera, por lo que este se queda sin cumplir una función en la sintaxis. En el español mexicano, la distribución de estas expresiones relacionantes es diferente en diversos aspectos de lo que se ha planteado para otros dialectos.

Abstract: In this study, we evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and psychosocial impacts among Brazilian pediatric dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study with primary data collection was carried out using an online structured questionnaire. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis by using absolute and relative frequencies. A chi-square test was used for association analysis and log-linear regression models to estimate the prevalence ratio (5%). The population comprised mostly women and knowledge regarding COVID-19 was satisfactory (above 80% in most items). N95 masks and faceshields were used, albeit 64.22% reported difficulty in providing dental care to children due to the need for extra Personal Protective Equipment. Thirty eight percent provided urgency/emergency dental care, 59.78% performed invasive procedures, 59.56% used high speed handpieces, 8.44% started using cariostatics, and 6.22% introduced the use of chemomechanical caries removal agents. Fear for the future (PR = 1.21) and use of medications (for anxiety, depression, or insomnia) increased (PR = 1.16) among the ones who had wage losses. Brazilian pediatric dentists have knowledge about COVID-19, and attitudes in their clinical routines changed due the pandemic. Financial life was harmed and a negative impact of the pandemic in psychosocial aspects of workers was found.

ABSTRACT This article seeks to establish the advances observed through the application of the Problem-Based, Project-Oriented, learning method. The article is the product of a research project carried out at the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, UPTC, with interviews, surveys and observation grids to teachers, monitors and students, in different times and spaces. It was applied to sixty undergraduate projects, one thesis for the degree of Civil Engineer and one master's thesis. The research was carried out with projects executed during the years 2014, 15, 16 and 17. As results and conclusions. The researchers, oriented in the method, produced the development, among other results, of fifteen disciplinary and human skills. With the analysis, among the novel, with evidence, the decrease in academic mortality was affirmed. Conclusions are presented in order to be useful to teachers and students and at the same time to continue the academic debate.

RESUMEN El presente artículo busca establecer los avances que, mediante la aplicación del método de aaprendizaje Basado en Problemas, Orientado por Proyectos, se observan, el artículo es producto de un proyecto de investigación que se hizo en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, UPTC, con entrevistas, encuestas y rejillas de observación a docentes, monitores y estudiantes, en diferentes tiempos y espacios. Se aplicó a sesenta proyectos de pregrado, una tesis para optar el título de Ingeniero Civil y una de maestría. La investigación se llevó a cabo con proyectos ejecutados durante los años 2014, 15, 16 y 17. Como resultados y conclusiones. Los investigadores, orientados en el método, produjeron el desarrollo, entre otros resultados, de quince habilidades disciplinares y humanas. Con el análisis, entre lo novedoso, con evidencias, se afirmó la disminución de la mortalidad académica. Hay conclusiones que se presentan para que sean útiles a los docentes y estudiantes y a la vez para continuar con el debate académico.

Since December 2020, the detection of emerging viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 has attracted the attention of the scientific community and governments at the national and international levels. Some versions of the virus characterized by genetic/evolutionary, epidemiological and/or phenotypic changes have been classified by the WHO as alerts for further monitoring, variants of interest (VOI), or variants of concern (VOC). At the international level, the current situation of variants reflects the sustained advance of the VOC Delta, driving new waves in much of the globe. On the other hand, South America, which exhibits an exceptional landscape of variants dominated by the regionally emerged Gamma (VOC) and Lambda (VOI) begins to face Delta's entry into a dynamic equilibrium of tension between viral evolution, immunity of the population associated with the second wave, and the asymmetry of vaccination campaigns and regional health policies. In this review, we present an update of the latest advances regarding the study of these variants, their potential impact on the epidemiological dynamics and vaccine effectiveness, with a special focus on the Latin American situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the second half of 2021.

Desde el mes de diciembre de 2020, la detección de variantes virales emergentes del SARS-CoV-2 ha llamado la atención de la comunidad científica y de los gobiernos a nivel nacional e internacional. Algunas versiones del virus caracterizadas por cambios genéticos, epidemiológicos y/o fenotípicos han sido clasificados por la OMS como variantes para monitoreo adicional, variantes de interés (VOI) o variantes de preocupación (VOC). A nivel internacional la situación actual de variantes refleja el avance sostenido de la VOC Delta, impulsando nuevas olas de infecciones en gran parte del mundo. Por otro lado, América del Sur exhibe un paisaje particular de linajes circulantes, dominado por las variantes de emergencia regional Gamma (VOC) y Lambda (VOI). Esta región empieza a afrontar el ingreso de Delta en un equilibrio dinámico de tensión entre la evolución viral, la inmunidad adquirida de la población asociada a la segunda ola, y la asimetría en las campañas de vacunación y en las políticas sanitarias regionales. En esta revisión presentamos una actualización de los últimos avances relativos al estudio de las variantes virales emergentes del SARS-CoV-2, su potencial impacto en la dinámica epidemiológica y en la efectividad vacunal, con especial foco en la situación regional latinoamericana de pandemia de la COVID-19 en el segundo semestre de 2021.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Despite program efforts to encourage use of clean cookstoves and fuels to mitigate climate change, many communities continue to use wood-fueled open fires. Objectives: Describe experiences of participants with mixed use of cooking and fuel technologies (e.g. open fires and chimney stoves using wood and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves) in rural Lambayeque, Peru in 2018. Material and methods: Fifteen participants were interviewed using a qualitative exploratory research design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: decisions about acquiring cooking fuels are primarily based on cost; plastic trash is used to light wood-burning stoves; decisions to use gas over wood are based on quick food cooking time; and benefits and health problems are recognized, but mixed use of fuels persist. Conclusion: Use of both traditional wood cookstoves and plastic trash to ignite fires were used frequently because both are free or cheap. The environmental impact of cutting down trees isn’t considered important, but interviewees did notice detriments to their wellbeing. Although gas stoves are used and benefits were mentioned, use of traditional stoves persists. We recommend that policy makers in Peru begin to address barriers to full adoption of new clean cooking technologies and consider governmental subsidies to meet families’ spending priorities.

RESUMEN Introducción: A pesar de los esfuerzos del programa para alentar el uso de estufas y combustibles limpios para mitigar el cambio climático, muchas comunidades continúan utilizando fuegos abiertos a leña. Objetivo: Describa las experiencias de los participantes con el uso mixto de la cocina y las tecnologías de combustible (por ejemplo, fuegos abiertos y estufas de chimenea que usan estufas de leña y gas licuado de petróleo (GLP)) en la zona rural de Lambayeque, Perú, en 2018. Material y métodos: Quince participantes fueron entrevistados utilizando un diseño de investigación exploratoria cualitativa. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Surgieron cuatro categorías: las decisiones sobre la adquisición de combustibles para cocinar se basan principalmente en el costo; la basura plástica se usa para encender estufas de leña; las decisiones de usar gas sobre la madera se basan en el tiempo de cocción de comida rápida; y se reconocen los beneficios y los problemas de salud, pero persiste el uso mixto de combustibles. Conclusión: El uso de estufas de leña tradicionales y basura plástica para encender incendios se usaba con frecuencia porque ambos son gratuitos o baratos. El impacto ambiental de la tala de árboles no se considera importante, pero los entrevistados notaron daños en su bienestar. Aunque se usan estufas de gas y se mencionaron los beneficios, el uso de estufas tradicionales persiste. Recomendamos que los encargados de formular políticas en Perú comiencen a abordar las barreras para la adopción total de nuevas tecnologías de cocina limpia y consideren los subsidios gubernamentales para cumplir con las prioridades de gasto de las familias.

Abstract Background: An important feature of chronic diseases, is it permanent character with a significant impact on long-term treatments, as it is the case of patients on peritoneal dialysis, that transcendently modifying their personal, family and social dynamic. Objective: To evaluate the relationship of coping strategies and health-related quality of life in incident patients on peritoneal dialysis. Material and Method: One hundred and six incident patients (within 0 to 3 months from the beginning of PD treatment) from 4 PD centers in Mexico City were included in a cross-sectional study. Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF36) and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) were used to evaluate health-related quality of life and coping strategies respectively. Correlation of the coping strategies and the health-related quality of life scores were assessed. Distributions of health-related quality of life scores between engagement and disengagement coping strategies were compared. Results: Engagement coping strategy score showed significant positive correlation with the KDQOL SF-36 physical and mental composite, effects of kidney disease and burden of kidney disease, while disengagement coping strategy score negatively correlated with the KDQOL SF-36 mental component, and burden of kidney disease. KDQOL SF-36 physical and mental components, effects of kidney disease, burden of kidney disease, and symptom problem scores were significantly higher in patients with engagement coping strategy than in patients with disengagement coping strategy. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis of a relationship between coping strategies and health-related quality of life.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre estrategias de afrontamiento y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes incidentes en diálisis peritoneal. Material y Método: Estudio transversal en 106 pacientes incidentes en diálisis peritoneal, en cuatro centros de Ciudad de México. Se usaron los instrumentos Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF36) y Coping Strategies Inventory para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y las estrategias de afrontamiento, respectivamente. Se evaluó la correlación de puntuaciones de estrategias de afrontamiento y calidad de vida. Se comparó la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre los pacientes con estrategia de afrontamiento activa y pasiva. Resultados: La estrategia de afrontamiento activa mostró correlación positiva con componentes físico y mental, efectos de la enfermedad renal y carga de la enfermedad renal del KDQOL-SF36, en tanto que el puntaje de estrategia pasiva correlacionó negativamente con componente mental y carga de la enfermedad renal en el KDQOL-SF36. Los puntajes de componentes físico y mental, efectos de enfermedad renal, carga de enfermedad renal y problemas por síntomas del KDQOL-SF36 fueron significativamente más altos en pacientes con estrategia de afrontamiento activa que en los que presentaron estrategia pasiva. Conclusiones: A partir de los resultados encontrados podemos concluir que los pacientes con estrategia de afrontamiento activa presentan mejor calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, tanto en las dimensiones del cuestionario específico de las alteraciones renales como en el genérico de calidad de vida, en comparación con los pacientes con estrategia de afrontamiento pasiva.

Resumen Los avances en las técnicas de citogenética han permitido detectar con mayor precisión alteraciones cromosómicas tanto estructurales como de número. La amniocentesis genética es una prueba invasiva que se realiza entre la semana 16 y 20 de gestación que nos permite detectar distintas alteraciones cromosómicas. Presentamos un caso de una paciente que se le realizó a las 18 semanas de gestación la amniocentesis por edad materna avanzada (39 años), evidenciándose en el cariotipo una inversión pericéntrica del cromosoma 5. Se procedió a realizar cariotipos a los padres, ambos normales. De acuerdo con este resultado a la paciente se le realizó ecosonogramas para detectar si el feto presentaba malformaciones y se realizó asesoramiento genético. A continuación, se hizo evaluación del recién nacido y seguimiento durante 4 años para evaluar fenotipo y desarrollo neurológico. Como se comentará, el cromosoma 5 codifica para muchos genes y es responsable de muchas patologías, de las cuales este paciente no presentó ninguna.

Abstract Advances in cytogenetic techniques have made it possible to, more accurately, detect both structural and number chromosomal alterations. Genetic amniocentesis is an invasive test that is performed between week 16 and 20 of gestation that allows us to detect chromosomal alterations. We present a case of a patient who underwent amniocentesis by advanced maternal age (39 years) at 18 weeks of gestation, showing a pericentric inversion of chromosome 5 in the karyotype and proceeded to perform karyotypes of the parents, both normal. According to this result, the patient was screened for fetal malformations and genetic counseling. Newborn evaluation and 4-year follow-up to assess phenotype and neurological development. As discussed, chromosome 5 codes for many genes and is responsible for many pathologies that this patient did not present.

Este artículo expone que la bonanza del coltán en Colombia que inició en el 2009 tuvo una representación polarizada en los periódicos colombianos, en los cuales una de las posiciones estaba asociada al esquema metafórico imitativo de la figura del "padre estricto" mientras la otra a la del "padre protector", ambas postulaciones teóricas de Lakoff (2007). Este fenómeno es relevante porque sirve como esquema de revisión a modo de estudio de caso para la forma en que se construye la narrativa de la minería en los medios de comunicación colombianos y la manera en que ello se vincula con narrativas políticas de larga data, materializadas en representaciones de la autoridad y el papel del Estado. En este texto se propone un esquema explicativo de dicho fenómeno desde los postulados de esquemas metafóricos de Lakoff y la revisión de prensa. Se analiza el caso de la bonanza del coltán entre el 2009 y el 2014 en todos los periódicos colombianos que se refirieron al tema a partir de una matriz de revisión que supone la conceptualización de los marcos mentales y los esquemas metafóricos y se concluye que efectivamente este fenómeno está enmarcado en relación con las dos figuras ya enunciadas.

This article exposes that the coltan boom in Colombia that began in 2009, which had a polarized representation in the Colombian newspapers, where one of the positions was associated to the metaphorical imitative scheme of the figure of the "strict father" while the other to the "protective father", both theoretical postulations of Lakoff (2007). This phenomenon is relevant because it serves as a review scheme to a case study for the way in which the narrative of mining is constructed in the Colombian media and the way in which it is linked to long-standing political forms, as well as with representations of the authority and the role of the State. In this text an explanatory scheme of this phenomenon is proposed from the postulates of metaphorical schemes of Lakoff and the press review. The case of coltan boom between 2009 and 2014 is analyzed in all Colombian newspapers that referred to the topic from a review of a matrix that involves the conceptualization of mental frames and metaphorical schemes and concludes that indeed, this phenomenon is framed in relation to the two figures already mentioned.

ABSTRACT Animal-pollinated flowers may orient resources for competing activities, such as nectar production for attracting flower visitors but then saving nectar (through inhibiting nectar production or by final resorption) for the subsequent maturation of fruits and seeds. Nectar production is continuous in Nicotiana longiflora and N. alata after flower opening, but early nectar removal reduces total secreted nectar. Resource trade-off between nectar investment and seed production were experimentally assessed in manually pollinated flowers experiencing different numbers of repeated nectar removals, while controlling for maternal effects. We expected that flowers with less nectar secretion produce larger seed sets. The results showed that for both species the earlier the nectar removal during flower anthesis, the lower the total nectar secreted and the higher the mass of seeds produced. This general pattern was clearer for N. longiflora. The link between decreased nectar production and the subsequent increase in the seed set implies that resources are limited. Consequently, nectar savings during the pollination process through early nectar removal by pollinators can be interpreted as a trade-off between resources secreted by flowers for pollinator attraction and those utilized during fruit and seed maturation.

The implementation of a proper Community Environmental Management is of high priority at present, when there is an increase of disasters originated by the climatic change, being the menaces of meteorological events even harder to rural localities. In those places the habitat depends primarily of natural resources which are not occasionally well preserved. The research focused on this type of management for rural community Julio Antonio Mella, which is nearby La Fe village in Isla de la Juventud, whose inhabitants have an intermediate educational level and are devoted to the forest and stockbreeding activities. An initial diagnose was done in that community which resulted in the existence of several environmental problems caused by its inhabitants. Therefore, environment education and cultural work variables were selected, henceforth, derived into actions and activities to take care and improve the ecosystem. Those variables were added to psychological, philosophical and sociological approaches combined with the planning-organizing, preserving-implementing and monitoring-controlling stages, as part of the Community Environmental Management process. Summing up, the application of approaches and stages, as well as the actions, specifically those of preparation were paramount in the behavioral transformation of inhabitants, who, here fore, started to contribute actively, with their knowledge, to the protection and improvement of the environment.

La implementación de una adecuada gestión ambiental comunitaria constituye alta prioridad en los momentos actuales, cuando se incrementan los desastres originados por el cambio climático y los embates meteorológicos agreden a las localidades campestres con mayor intensidad, donde el hábitat depende primordialmente de los recursos naturales que en ocasiones no son debidamente preservados. La investigación se centró en aplicar dicha gestión mediante un tratamiento ordenado y sistemático del ambiente, con un uso racional de los recursos naturales en la comunidad rural Julio Antonio Mella, cercana al poblado La Fe en Isla de la Juventud, cuyos habitantes poseen un nivel de enseñanza medio y se dedican en lo fundamental a las labores agropecuaria y forestal. Allí se realizó un diagnóstico inicial que arrojó la existencia de múltiples problemas medioambientales creados mayormente por los propios moradores, por ello se decidió seleccionar para este trabajo las variables educación ambiental y trabajo cultural, de las que derivaron diversas acciones y actividades contribuyentes al cuidado y perfeccionamiento del ecosistema. Dichas variables se sumaron a los enfoques psicológico, filosófico y sociológico, en su combinación con las etapas planificación-organización, preservación-implementación y monitoreo-control, como parte del proceso de la gestión ambiental comunitaria. Se concluyó que la aplicación de los enfoques y las etapas, así como las acciones desarrolladas, fundamentalmente las de capacitación, fueron determinantes en la transformación conductual de los pobladores, los que comenzaron desde entonces a contribuir activamente y con conocimiento a la protección y mejora del entorno.