Aldose Reductase (AR) is the polyol pathway key enzyme which converts glucose to sorbitol. High glucose availability in insulin resistant tissues in diabetes leads into an accumulation of sorbitol, which has been associated with typical chronic complications of this disease, such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. In this study, 71 flavonoids AR inhibitors were subjected to two methods of SAR to verify crucial substituents. The first method used the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to elucidate physical and chemical characteristics in the molecules that would be essential for the activity, employing VolSurf descriptors. The rate obtained explained 53% of the system total variance and revealed that a hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance in the molecules is required, since very polar or nonpolar substituents decrease the activity. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was also employed to determine key substituents by evaluating substitution patterns, using NMR data. This study had a high success rate (85% accuracy in the training set and 88% accuracy in the test set) and showed polihydroxilations are essential for high activity and methoxylations and glicosilations primarily at positions C7, C3' and C4' decrease the activity.

Neste trabalho, uma série de compostos nitro-heterocíclicos foi submetida a estudos químico-quânticos e de voltametria cíclica com a finalidade de determinar as propriedades físico-químicas que exercem influência sobre o potencial redox do grupo nitro. A otimização de estrutura, as propriedades e os mapas de superfícies estereoeletrônicas foram calculadas utilizando o método semi-empírico AM1. O potencial redox dos compostos, Ar-NO2/Ar-NO2•- , foi determinado em meio aprótico (DMSO e eletrólito de suporte Bu4NH4BF4 0,1 mol L-1), com o uso de eletrodos de trabalho de carbono vítreo, eletrodo auxiliar de fio de platina e eletrodo de referência de Ag/AgCl. A investigação dos confôrmeros de menor energia mínima demonstrou a ocorrência de quebra de planaridade estrutural entre o nitrogênio hidrazínico e o resíduo benzamídico. Não foi observada a ocorrência de correlação, avaliada através da análise de regressão de PLS, entre as propriedades estereoeletrônicas e o potencial redox, resultado, provavelmente, de quebra da estrutura co-planar no grupo de moléculas estudadas.

Stereoelectronic properties of nitro-heterocyclic bioisosteric congeners were investigated using theory-level quantum chemistry and cyclic voltammetry with the goal of determining physico-chemical properties that affect the redox potential of the nitro group. Molecular geometry, physicochemical properties and stereoelectronic surfaces, such as molecular electrostatic potential, and HOMO and LUMO orbitalar distributions, were calculated using the AM1 semiempirical method. The redox potential of nitro-heterocyclic compounds, which corresponds to the (Ar-NO2/Ar-NO2•- ) redox couple, was measured in aprotic media (DMSO and 0.1 mol L-1 Bu4NH4BF4) using glassy carbon as working electrode, Pt wire, Ag/AgCl, KCl(sat) as counter and reference electrodes, respectively. Analysis of minimal energy conformers of all derivatives indicated a break in structural planarity located between the hydrazine nitrogen and benzamide moiety. No statistical correlation was obtained using the PLS regression method, taking in account all physicochemical properties and the redox potential, which might result from the lack of coplanarity effect in the molecular structure of the compounds.