Abstract Acidic pH can modify the properties of repair cements. In this study, volumetric change and solubility of the ready-to-use bioceramic repair cement Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) were evaluated after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.0) or butyric acid (pH 4.5). Solubility was determined by the difference in initial and final mass using polyethylene tubes measuring 4 mm high and 6.70 mm in internal diameter that were filled with BCR and immersed in 7.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid for 7 days. The volumetric change was established by using bovine dentin tubes measuring 4 mm long with an internal diameter of 1.5 mm. The dentin tubes were filled with BCR at 37°C for 24 hours. Scanning was performed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) with a voxel size of 8.74 µm. Then, the specimens were immersed in 1.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid at and 37 °C for 7 days. After this period, a new micro-CT scan was performed. Bio-C Repair showed greater mass loss after immersion in butyric acid when compared with immersion in PBS (p<0.05). Bio-C Repair showed volumetric loss after immersion in butyric acid and increase in volume after immersion in PBS (p<0.05). The acidic pH influenced the solubility and dimensional stability of the Bio-C Repair bioceramic cement, promoting a higher percentage of solubility and decrease in volumetric values. cements study readytouse ready to use BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus Londrina PR Brazil phosphatebuffered phosphate buffered (PBS 7.0 70 0 4.5. 45 4.5 . 5 4.5) 670 6 6.7 75 7. days 15 1 1. 37C 2 hours microcomputed micro computed microCT CT (micro-CT 1176 Bruker Kontich Belgium 874 8 74 8.7 µm Then 3 period p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 05 (p<0.05) values 4. 67 6. 117 87 8. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 11 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract This study assessed the physicochemical and antibiofilm properties of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) associated with 1 or 2% of farnesol. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012. Radiopacity was evaluated by radiographic analysis. pH was assessed after time intervals of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Solubility (% mass loss) and volumetric change (by micro-CT) of the cements were evaluated after immersion in distilled water. The presence of voids inside the materials was assessed by using micro-CT. Antibiofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis was evaluated by crystal violet assay and the modified direct contact test performed with biofilm previously formed on bovine root dentin for 14 days. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests with 5% significance level. The incorporation of farnesol into MTA increased its setting time, but decreased its solubility at 30 days and its volumetric loss in all periods (p < 0.05). Radiopacity and solubility after 7 days were similar among the materials (p > 0.05). The association of farnesol showed the highest pH value after 1 and 3 days (p < 0.05). The association of farnesol with MTA promoted a decrease in the presence of voids, and increased the antimicrobial activity on biofilm biomass of E. faecalis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of farnesol can be suggested to improve the antimicrobial properties and the consistency of MTA. (MTA 2 68762012 6876 2012 6876/2012 analysis 21 % ( microCT micro CT micro-CT water microCT. CT. ANOVATukey ANOVA Tukey 5 level p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) E conclusion 6876201 687 201 6876/201 00 0.0 687620 68 20 6876/20 0. 68762 6 6876/2 6876/

Abstract Both root canal sealer-based and supplementary protocols may influence removal of filling material during endodontic retreatment. Mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars were prepared using HyFlex EDM 25/.08, and filled with a calcium silicate sealer (Bio-C Sealer), or an epoxy resin (AH Plus), using the single cone technique (n = 12). Retreatment was performed using ProDesign Logic (PDL) RT and PDL 35/.05. The specimens were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 12), and the sealers were distributed similarly. A supplementary protocol was performed with PDL 50/.01 or XP-endo Finisher. Root canal transportation and volume, in addition to the remaining filling material percentage were evaluated using high-resolution (5 µm voxel size) micro-CT. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests (α = 0.05). Root canals filled with AH Plus presented high residual filling material (p < 0.05). Both protocols decreased residual volume of filling material in the apical third (p < 0.05). PDL 50/.01 increased the apical root canal volume (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between the systems regarding canal transportation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus is more difficult to remove from the apical third than Bio-C Sealer. PDL 50/.01 and XP-endo Finisher enabled greater removal of filling materials in the apical third, in the retreatment of curved root canals, without promoting apical transport. sealerbased based 2508 25 08 25/.08 BioC Bio C Sealer, Sealer , Sealer) Plus, Plus) n 12. 12 . 12) (PDL 3505 35 05 35/.05 12, similarly 5001 50 01 50/.0 XPendo XP endo highresolution resolution 5 ( size microCT. microCT micro CT. CT micro-CT ttests t tests α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p conclusion transport 250 2 25/.0 1 350 3 35/.0 500 50/. 00 0.0 25/. 35/. 50/ 0. 25/ 35/

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the filling capacity of ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer Bio-C Sealer (BCS, Angelus, Paraná, Brazil) or powder-liquid BioRoot RCS (BR, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) using curved artificial canals by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Additionally, flow (mm) and flow area (mm2) were evaluated for both materials. Acrylic resin main canal (60° curvature and 5 mm radius, with 3 lateral canals in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds) were prepared up to size 40/.05 (Prodesign Logic, Brazil). The agitation method was used with ultrasonic tip (US, Irrisonic, Helse, Brazil): BCS, BCS/US, BR, and BR/US. All specimens were filled using the single-cone technique. The samples were scanned by micro-CT (8,74 µm) after obturation. The percentage of filling material and voids were calculated. Flow was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012 standards (mm) and area (mm2). The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). BR/US showed lower percentage of filling material in the lateral canals than and, BCS/US (p<0.05). BR/US resulted in a higher percentage of voids than BR in the lateral apical third (p<0.05). BCS showed higher flow than BR (p<0.05). BCS and BR presented proper filling capacity in the simulated curved canals regardless of the use of ultrasonic agitation. However, BR/US showed more voids in the apical third. BCS demonstrates higher filling ability. readytouse ready silicatebased silicate BioC Bio C (BCS Angelus Paraná Brazil powderliquid powder liquid (BR Septodont SaintMaurdesFossés, SaintMaurdesFossés Saint Maur des Fossés, Fossés Saint-Maur-des-Fossés France microcomputed micro computed microCT. microCT CT . (micro-CT) Additionally (mm mm2 (mm2 materials 60° 60 (60 radius cervical middle thirds 4005 40 05 40/.0 Prodesign Logic Brazil. US, US (US Irrisonic Helse BCSUS BRUS singlecone single cone technique 8,74 874 8 74 (8,7 µm obturation calculated 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 mm2. α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) However ability (micro-CT 6 (6 400 4 40/. 8,7 87 7 (8, 6876201 687 201 6876/20 00 0.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 ( 40/ 8, (8 687620 68 20 6876/2 0. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 68762 2 6876/ p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da agitação ultrassônica na capacidade de preenchimento de cimento pronto para uso à base de silicato de cálcio Bio-C Sealer (BCS, Angelus, Paraná, Brasil) ou pó-líquido BioRoot RCS (BR, Septodont, Saint-Maur -des-Fossés, França) utilizando canais artificiais curvos por microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). Adicionalmente, escoamento (mm) e área de escoamento (mm2) foram avaliados para ambos materiais. Please, replace the sentence highlighted in yellow to: O canal principal de resina acrílica (curvatura de 60° e raio de 5 mm, com 3 canais laterais nos terços cervical, médio e apical) foi preparado até o tamanho 40/.05 (Prodesign Logic, Brasil). O método de agitação foi utilizado com ponta ultrassônica (US, Irrisonic, Helse, Brasil): BCS, BCS/US, BR e BR/US. Todos os espécimes foram obturados usando a técnica de cone único. As amostras foram escaneadas por micro-CT (8,74 µm) após obturação. A porcentagem de material obturador e vazios foram calculados. O escoamento foi avaliado com base nas normas ISO 6876/2012 (mm) e área (mm2). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes ANOVA e Tukey (α = 0,05BR/US apresentou menor percentual de material obturador nos canais laterais que BCS e BCS/US (p<0,05). BR/US resultou em maior porcentagem de vazios que o BR no canal lateral do terço apical (p<0,05). BCS apresentou maior escoamento que BR (p<0,05)." BCS e BR apresentaram capacidade de preenchimento adequada nos canais curvos simulados independente do uso de agitação ultrassônica. No entanto, BR/US apresentou mais vazios no terço apical. BCS demonstra maior capacidade de preenchimento. BioC Bio C (BCS Angelus Paraná Brasil pólíquido pó líquido BR, (BR Septodont SaintMaur Saint Maur desFossés, desFossés des Fossés, Fossés -des-Fossés França microCT. microCT micro CT . (micro-CT) Adicionalmente mm (mm mm2 (mm2 materiais Please to curvatura 60 cervical 4005 40 05 40/.0 Prodesign Logic Brasil. US, US (US Irrisonic Helse BCSUS BRUS único 8,74 874 8 74 (8,7 µm obturação calculados 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 mm2. α 005BRUS 0 05BR p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) entanto (micro-CT 6 400 4 40/. 8,7 87 7 (8, 6876201 687 201 6876/20 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 40/ 8, (8 687620 68 20 6876/2 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 ( 68762 2 6876/ p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of apicoectomy performed with a bur or an ultrasonic tip on the adaptation of the filling material to root canal dentin. Twenty human mandibular incisors were selected and prepared with a ProDesign Logic system up to diameter 40/.05. The root canals were filled with Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, PR, Brazil) using the single cone technique and were stored at 37ºC and 95% relative humidity for 7 days. After this period, the apicoectomy of the 3 millimeters of the root apex was performed using Endo-Z bur (Dentsply Sirona) or Bladesonic ultrasonic tip (Helse Ultrasonic, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Brazil) (n=10). The specimens were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176) with a voxel size of 8.74 µm after obturation and after apicoectomy. The percentage of voids at the interface between the filling material and the root canal wall was evaluated in the apical 4 mm of the root after apicoectomy, besides the time cutting to both devices. The data obtained were submitted to paired and unpaired t-tests (α = 0.05). Endo-Z and Bladesonic increased the percentage of voids between the filling material and the dentin after apicectomy (p<0.05), and they were similar (p>0.05). Endo-Z has a shorter time to perform apicoectomy compared to Bladesonic (p<0.05). Apicectomies with Endo-Z or Bladesonic could harm the material/dentin interface, while the Endo-Z bur was faster than the Bladesonic ultrasonic tip. 4005 40 05 40/.05 BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus (Angelus PR Brazil ºC 95 days period EndoZ Endo Z Dentsply Sirona Helse Ultrasonic Viterbo n=10. n10 n n=10 . 10 (n=10) microcomputed micro computed microCT CT (micro-CT 1176 874 8 74 8.7 devices ttests t tests α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 , (p<0.05) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) p<0.05. materialdentin 400 40/.0 9 n1 n=1 1 (n=10 117 87 8. 00 0.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 40/. n= (n=1 11 0. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 40/ (n= p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. (n p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (p< (p> (p

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da apicectomia realizada com broca ou inserto ultrassônico na adaptação do material obturador á dentina do canal radicular. Vinte incisivos inferiores humanos extraídos foram selecionados e preparados com o sistema ProDesign Logic até o diâmetro 40/.05. Os canais radiculares foram obturados com Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, PR, Brasil) por meio da técnica de cone único e foram armazenados em estufa a 37ºC e umidade relativa de 95% por 7 dias. Após esse período, foi realizada apicectomia dos 3 milímetros apicais utilizando broca Endo-Z (Maillefer - Dentsply) ou inserto ultrassônico BladeSonic (Helse Ultrasonic, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Brasil) (n=10). Os espécimes foram escaneados por meio de microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176) com tamanho de voxel de 8,74 µm após obturação e após apicectomia. Please, correct this sentece to O percentual de falhas na interface entre o material obturador e a parede dentinaria foi avaliado nos 4 mm apicais da raiz apos apicectomia, alem do tempo de corte para ambos dispositivos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes t pareado e não pareado (α = 0,05). Endo-Z e Bladesonic aumentaram o percentual de vazios entre o material obturador e a parede da dentina após apicectomia (p<0.05), sendo semelhantes entre si (p>0.05). Endo-Z demonstrou menor tempo para realizar apicectomia em comparação com Bladesonic (p<0.05). Apicectomias com Endo-Z ou Bladesonic podem prejudicar a interface material obturador/dentina, sendo a broca Endo-Z mais rápida que a ponta ultrassônica Bladesonic. radicular 4005 40 05 40/.05 BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus (Angelus PR Brasil ºC 95 dias período EndoZ Endo Z Maillefer Dentsply Helse Ultrasonic Viterbo n=10. n10 n n=10 . 10 (n=10) microCT micro CT (micro-CT 1176 874 8 74 8,7 Please dispositivos α 0,05. 005 0,05 0 0,05) p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 , (p<0.05) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) p<0.05. obturadordentina obturador/dentina 400 40/.0 9 n1 n=1 1 (n=10 117 87 8, 00 0,0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 40/. n= (n=1 11 0, p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 40/ (n= p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. (n p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (p< (p> (p

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of a ready-to-use bioceramic material, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), in comparison with White MTA (Angelus) and Biodentine (Septodont). The physicochemical properties of setting time, radiopacity, pH, solubility, dimensional and volumetric changes were evaluated. Biocompatibility and bioactivity were assessed in Saos-2 osteoblast cell cultures by the MTT assay 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (NR), Alizarin Red (ARS), and cell migration tests. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey or Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Bio-C Repair had the longest setting time (p < 0.05), but radiopacity and solubility were accordance with the ISO 6876/2012 standards, besides linear expansion. Bio-C Repair and MTA had similar volumetric change (p > 0.05); lower than Biodentine (p < 0.05). All the materials evaluated had an alkaline pH. Bio-C Repair was cytocompatible and promoted mineralized nodule deposition in 21 days and cell migration in 3 days. In conclusion, Bio-C Repair had adequate radiopacity above 3mm Al, solubility less than 3%, dimensional expansion, and low volumetric change. In addition, Bio-C Repair promoted an alkaline pH and presented bioactivity and biocompatibility similar to MTA and Biodentine, showing potential for use as a repair material. readytouse ready material BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus , (Angelus Septodont. Septodont . (Septodont) Saos2 Saos 2 Saos- 34,5Dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium 345Dimethylthiazol2yl25diphenyltetrazolium Dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium 4,5 Dimethylthiazol yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium 4 5 bromide, bromide bromide) NR, NR (NR) ARS, ARS (ARS) ANOVA α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) p 0.05, 68762012 6876 2012 6876/201 standards expansion conclusion mm Al 3% addition (Septodont 34 5Dimethylthiazol2yl2 5diphenyltetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, (NR (ARS 00 0.0 6876201 687 201 6876/20 Dimethylthiazolyl 5Dimethylthiazol2yl 0. 687620 68 20 6876/2 68762 6 6876/

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, citotoxicidade e bioatividade de um novo material biocerâmico pronto para uso, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), em comparação com MTA Branco (Angelus) e Biodentine (Septodont). Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas de tempo de presa, radiopacidade, pH, solubilidade, alterações dimensionais e volumétricas. A biocompatibilidade, bioatividade e capacidade de reparo foram avaliadas em culturas de células de osteoblastos Saos-2 pelo ensaio MTT brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio), vermelho neutro (NR), vermelho de alizarina ( ARS) e testes de migração celular. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes ANOVA, Tukey ou Bonferroni (α = 0,05). Bio-C Repair apresentou o maior tempo de presa (p < 0,05), mas radiopacidade e solubilidade de acordo com as normas ISO 6876/2012, além de expansão linear. Bio-C Repair e MTA tiveram variação volumétrica semelhante (p > 0,05), menor que Biodentine (p < 0,05). Todos os materiais avaliados apresentaram pH alcalino. Bio-C Repair foi citocompatível, além de promover deposição de nódulos mineralizados em 21 dias e migração celular em 3 dias. Em conclusão, o Bio-C Repair apresentou radiopacidade adequada acima de 3mmAl, solubilidade menor que 3%, expansão dimensional e baixa perda volumétrica.. Além disso, o Bio-C Repair promoveu um pH alcalino e apresentou bioatividade e biocompatibilidade semelhantes ao MTA e Biodentine, mostrando potencial para uso como material reparador físicoquímicas, físicoquímicas físico químicas, químicas BioC Bio C Angelus, Angelus , (Angelus Septodont. Septodont . (Septodont) volumétricas Saos2 Saos 2 Saos- 34,5dimetiltiazol2il2,5difeniltetrazólio, 345dimetiltiazol2il25difeniltetrazólio dimetiltiazolildifeniltetrazólio 4,5 dimetiltiazol il 2,5 difeniltetrazólio 4 5 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio) NR, NR (NR) ARS ANOVA α 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) p 0,05, 68762012 6876 2012 6876/2012 linear citocompatível conclusão 3mmAl mmAl 3% volumétrica. disso (Septodont 34 5dimetiltiazol2il2 5difeniltetrazólio 34,5dimetiltiazol2il2,5difeniltetrazólio 45 4, 25 2, 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio (NR 00 0,0 6876201 687 201 6876/201 dimetiltiazolil 5dimetiltiazol2il 0, 687620 68 20 6876/20 68762 6 6876/2 6876/

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate root canal preparation with nickel titanium rotary instruments and complementary preparation with ultrasonic tip in curved canals of mandibular molars with isthmus. Twenty–eight mesial roots of mandibular molars with curvature between 20° and 40° and presence of isthmus throughout the entire extension of the root canals were prepared using ProDesign Logic CM (PDL) up to size 40.05, or HyFlex EDM (HFEDM) up to size 40.04. Complementary preparation was performed in the isthmus region using the ultrasonic insert E18D (Helse, Istmo Diamantada). The root canals were scanned using micro–CT (SkyScan 1176) at 9 µm voxel size before and after each preparation step. Transportation, percentage of increase in volume, debris and uninstrumented surface (UNS) were evaluated. Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon, paired and non–paired t–tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). The canals prepared with PDL and HFEDM obtained similar results for all the variables assessed before using E18D (p > 0.05). E18D significantly decreased the percentage of debris and UNS values in both Groups (p < 0.05). The complementary preparations with E18D caused a smaller quantity of debris in the isthmus of the canals previously prepared with PDL in comparison with HFEDM (p < 0.05). PDL and HFEDM provided similar root canal preparation. PDL promoted a smaller quantity of Debris in the isthmus than HFEDM after using E18D. E18D significantly improved cleaning, and reduced Debris and UNS. Twentyeight Twenty eight 20 40 (PDL 4005 05 40.05 (HFEDM 4004 04 40.04 ED E D Helse, Helse (Helse Diamantada. Diamantada . Diamantada) microCT micro CT SkyScan 1176 step Transportation volume (UNS evaluated Whitney Wilcoxon nonpaired non ttests t tests α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 0.05) p cleaning 2 4 400 40.0 117 00 0.0 40. 11 0. 1

Abstract Introduction Repair materials must have low solubility. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) allows simulating clinical condition and interaction with dentin may be important for the correct evaluate of mass loss of bioceramic cements. Objective To evaluate the effect of distilled water (DW), or PBS immersion on the solubility of Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus) or MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus) using a dentin tube model. Material and method Bovine dentin tubes with a length of 4 mm, an internal diameter of 1.5 mm and walls thickness of approximately 1 mm were made. The specimens were immersed in DW for 24h, then filled with BCR or MTAHP (n = 14) and stored in an oven at 37°C and 95% humidity for 24h. After being weighed on a precision balance to determine the initial mass, the specimens were immersed in DW (pH 6.5) or PBS (pH 7.0) (n = 7) for 28 days. Empty tubes also were used for calculating the mass loss of the dentin (n=4). After this period, the specimens were weighed until stabilization of the final mass occurred (0.001g). The solubility of each material was evaluated. ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests were performed (α=0.05). Result BCR and MTAHP showing gain of mass in DW and mass loss in PBS (p<0.05). Conclusion The immersion solution influenced the solubility of BCR and MTAHP using dentin tube model. The new methodological proposal could be an alternative to ISO standards for testing the solubility of bioceramic cements. (PBS cements DW, , (DW) BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus MTAHP, (MTAHP model 15 5 1. made 24h h n 14 37C 37 95 pH 6.5 65 6 7.0 70 7 0 2 days n=4. n4 n=4 . (n=4) period 0.001g. 0001g g 0.001g 001g (0.001g) evaluated α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) (DW 3 9 6. 7. n= (n=4 (0.001g α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 (n= α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α (p

Resumo Introdução Materiais reparadores devem apresentar baixa solubilidade. Solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) permite simular condição clínica e interação com dentina pode ser importante para correta avaliação da perda de massa de cimentos biocerâmicos. Objetivo Avaliou o efeito da imersão em água destilada (AD) ou PBS na solubilidade de Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus) ou MTA Repair HP (MTAHP, Angelus) usando modelo de tubo de dentina. Material e método Tubos de dentina bovina foram confeccionados com 4 mm de comprimento, 1,5 mm de diâmetro interno e 1 mm aproximadamente de espessura de parede. Os espécimes foram imersos em AD por 24h, posteriormente preenchidos com BCR ou MTAHP (n = 14) e armazenados em estufa a 37°C e umidade 95% por 24h. Após serem pesados em balança de precisão para determinação da massa inicial, os corpos de prova foram imersos em AD (pH 6,5) ou PBS (pH 7,0) (n = 7) por 28 dias. Tubos vazios também foram utilizados para o cálculo de perda de massa da dentina (n=4). Após esse período, os espécimes foram pesados até a estabilização da massa final (0,001g). A solubilidade de cada material foi avaliada. Testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey foram realizados (α=0,05). Resultado BCR e MTAHP apresentaram ganho de massa em AD e perda de massa em PBS (p<0,05). Conclusão A solução de imersão influencia a solubilidade de BCR e MTAHP usando modelo de tubo de dentina. Nova proposta metodológica poderá ser uma alternativa às normas ISO para testar a solubilidade de cimentos biocerâmicos. (PBS biocerâmicos (AD BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus MTAHP, (MTAHP comprimento 15 5 1, parede 24h h n 14 37C 37 95 inicial pH 6,5 65 6 7,0 70 7 0 2 dias n=4. n4 n=4 . (n=4) período 0,001g. 0001g g 0,001g 001g (0,001g) avaliada α=0,05. α005 α α=0,05 05 (α=0,05) p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) 3 9 6, 7, n= (n=4 (0,001g α00 α=0,0 (α=0,05 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 (n= α0 α=0, (α=0,0 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 α=0 (α=0, p<0 (p<0, α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α (p

Abstract Introduction Calcium silicate-based sealers demonstrate greater solubility in distilled water. The use of alternative methodologies can help at better understanding the solubility of these materials. Objective To evaluate the effect of the immersion solution and the type of experimental model on the solubility of ready-to-use Bio-C Sealer. Material and method Circular models of polyethylene or bovine dentin (n = 16) were made. After insertion of the sealer, the specimens were kept in an oven at 37°C and 95% humidity for 48h. Subsequently, the samples were weighed on a precision balance to determine the initial mass. Next, the specimens were immersed in 7.5 mL of distilled water (pH 6.5) or PBS (pH 7.0) (n = 8) for 28 days. After that, the samples were removed from the solutions and weighed every 24 hours until the final mass stabilized (0.001g). Test specimens made with Bio-C Sealer were used as a control. Solubility was evaluated according to the difference between the initial and final mass in percentage. Two-Way ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc tests were performed (α=0.05). Result Immersion in distilled water provided greater solubility compared to PBS regardless of the experimental model (p<0.05). The test specimens showed greater solubility, followed by polyethylene and dentin models immersed in distilled water (p<0.05). There was no difference between the experimental models immersed in PBS (p>0.05). Conclusion Bio-C Sealer presents significantly greater solubility in distilled water than in PBS under all conditions. Experimental model using bovine dentin and PBS as an immersion solution demonstrates reduction in the mass loss of Bio-C Sealer and can be a valuable alternative for evaluating the solubility of bioceramic sealers. silicatebased silicate based materials readytouse ready BioC Bio C n 16 sealer 37C 37 95 48h h Subsequently Next 75 7 5 7. pH 6.5 65 6 7.0 70 0 8 2 days that 0.001g. 0001g g 0.001g . 001g (0.001g) control percentage TwoWay Two Way posthoc post hoc α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) conditions 1 3 9 6. (0.001g α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (α= (p< (p> (α (p

Resumo Introdução Cimentos endodônticos à base de silicato de cálcio demonstram maior solubilidade em água destilada. Emprego de metodologias alternativas pode auxiliar em melhor compreensão sobre a solubilidade desses materiais. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da solução de imersão e do tipo de modelo experimental na solubilidade de cimento pronto para uso Bio-C Sealer. Material e método Modelos circulares de polietileno ou dentina bovina (n = 16) foram confeccionados. Após inserção do cimento, os espécimes foram mantidos em estufa a 37 °C por 48 horas. Posteriormente, as amostras foram pesadas em balança de precisão para determinação da massa inicial. Na sequência, os espécimes foram imersos em 7,5 mL de água destilada (pH 6,5) ou PBS (pH 7,0) (n = 8) por 28 dias. Após isso, as amostras foram removidas das soluções e pesadas a cada 24 horas até a estabilização da massa final (0,001g). Corpos de prova confeccionados com Bio-C Sealer foram empregados como controle. A solubilidade foi avaliada de acordo com a diferença entre a massa inicial e final em porcentagem. Teste ANOVA Two-Way e teste post-hoc de Tukey foram realizados (α = 0,05). Resultado Imersão em água destilada proporcionou maior solubilidade em comparação com PBS, independentemente do modelo experimental (p < 0,05). Corpos de prova apresentaram maior solubilidade, seguidos dos modelos de polietileno e dentina imersos em água destilada (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença entre os modelos experimentais imersos em PBS (p > 0,05). Conclusão Bio-C Sealer apresenta solubilidade significativamente maior em água destilada do que em PBS em todas condições. Modelo experimental empregando dentina bovina e PBS como solução de imersão demonstra diminuir a perda de massa de Bio-C Sealer e pode ser uma alternativa valiosa para avaliar a solubilidade de cimentos biocerâmicos. materiais BioC Bio C n 16 3 4 Posteriormente sequência 75 7 5 7, pH 6,5 65 6 7,0 70 0 8 2 dias isso 0,001g. 0001g g 0,001g . 001g (0,001g) controle porcentagem TwoWay Two Way posthoc post hoc α 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) p condições biocerâmicos 1 6, (0,001g 00 0,0 0,

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the filling ability of a new ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer using thermoplastic or single-cone technique in flattened root canals. Twenty-four flattened distal canals of mandibular molars with a buccolingual diameter 4 or more times larger than the mesiodistal diameter were selected. The root canals were prepared and filled (n = 12), according to the following techniques: thermoplastic or single-cone technique using Bio-C Sealer. The teeth were scanned using Skycan 1176 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) - voxel size 8.74 µm, before and after filling the root canal. The percentage of voids in the filled root canals was evaluated, and the data were statistically analyzed using the unpaired t-test (α = 0.05). The root canals filled using the thermoplastic technique created a smaller percentage of voids in the cervical/middle thirds than those filled using the single-cone technique (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the percentage of voids using either technique in the apical third (p > 0.05). The flattened root canals in the cervical/middle thirds were better filled using the ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer associated to the thermoplastic technique, compared with the single-cone technique. In the apical third, the techniques showed similar filling ability.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the influence of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) voxel size on dentinal microcrack detection after root canal preparation using rotary heat-treated nickel-titanium files. Curved mesial root canals (n = 24) of mandibular molars were prepared using ProDesign Logic 30/.05 (PDL) or HyFlex EDM 25/.08 (HEDM). The specimens were scanned by micro-CT at 5 μm voxel size before and after root canal preparation. The percentage of microcracks was evaluated in images at 5, 10 and 20 μm voxel size, by two examiners at two moments. The Kappa and McNemar tests (α = 0.05) were used. The percentage of dentinal microcracks was similar before and after PDL and HEDM preparations, at 10 and 20 μm (p > 0.05). HEDM showed a higher percentage of dentinal microcracks in the middle third at 5 μm after preparation (p < 0.05). The detection of dentinal microcracks before and after instrumentation using PDL was more accurate at 5 μm than at 20 μm, in all thirds (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this ex vivo study, as expected, the results showed that different resolutions influence the micro-CT analysis of microcracks. The highest accuracy in detecting microcracks was observed for analyses performed at 5 μm voxel size. HyFlex EDM caused even more microcracks to develop in the middle third, detectable only by visualization of images made at 5 μm voxel size.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou por microtomografia computadorizada (μCT) a capacidade de preenchimento de canais radiculares curvos, além do escoamento dos cimentos AH Plus (AHP) e Neo MTA Plus (NMTAP) utilizando diferentes metodologias. Foram selecionadas raízes mesiais de molares inferiores com dois canais radiculares e grau de curvatura entre 20° e 40°. As amostras foram preparadas com o sistema ProDesign R até o tamanho 35.05 e foram obturadas com os cimentos por uma técnica de onda contínua de condensação, Thermo Pack II (n=12). Os dentes foram escaneados usando μCT após o preparo e obturação do canal radicular. A porcentagem volumétrica de material de preenchimento e vazios foram calculados. O escoamento foi avaliado com base na norma ISO 6876/2012 (n=10). O escoamento e o preenchimento também foram avaliados em μCT usando uma placa de vidro com uma cavidade central e quatro canaletas a partir da cavidade central (n=6). O escoamento foi calculado linearmente nas canaletas. O preenchimento da cavidade central (PCC) e o preenchimento da cavidade lateral (PCL) foram calculados em mm³. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t não pareado com nível de significância de 5%. A porcentagem de preenchimento e vazios entre os canais radiculares preenchidos com AHP ou NMTAP foi semelhante (p>0,05). NMTAP apresentou o menor escoamento no teste convencional (p<0,05). Utilizando μCT, os cimentos apresentaram PCC, PCL e escoamento linear semelhantes (p>0,05). Em conclusão, NMTAP e AHP apresentaram capacidade de preenchimento semelhante em canais mesiais curvos de molares inferiores sem presença de istmo. Embora o AHP tenha apresentado melhor escoamento que o NMTAP usando a metodologia ISO, não houve diferença entre esses materiais em relação ao preenchimento volumétrico quando avaliados por μCT.

Abstract This study evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) the filling ability in curved root canals, besides the flow of AH Plus (AHP) and Neo MTA Plus (NMTAP) sealers using different methodologies. Mandibular molars mesial roots with two root canals and degree of curvature between 20° and 40° were selected. The specimens were prepared with the ProDesign R system up to size 35.05 and were filled with the sealers by a continuous wave of condensation technique, Thermo Pack II (n=12). The teeth were scanned using μCT after root canal preparation and obturation. The volumetric percentage of filling material and voids were calculated. Flow was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012 (n=10). Flow and filling were also evaluated in μCT using a glass plate with a central cavity and four grooves from the central cavity (n=6). Flow was linearly calculated into the grooves. The central cavity filling (CCF) and lateral cavity filling (LCF) were calculated in mm³. Data were submitted to non-paired t test with a significance threshold at 5%. The percentage of filling and voids between the root canals filled with AHP or NMTAP was similar (p>0.05). NMTAP presented the lowest flow in conventional test (p<0.05). Using μCT, sealers had similar CCF, LCF and linear flow (p>0.05). In conclusion, NMTAP and AHP had similar filling ability in curved mesial root canals of mandibular molars without presence of isthmus. Although AHP presented better flow than NMTAP using ISO methodology, there was no difference between these materials regarding volumetric filling when evaluated by μCT.

Abstract Dental materials should be stable over time. This study investigated volumetric change of the root canal sealers AH Plus, Fill Canal, and Sealapex; and the root-end filling materials Biodentine, IRM, and MTA after different periods of immersion in distilled water. Resin models were manufactured with cavities 3 mm deep. The cavities were filled with the materials and scanned by microcomputed tomography after setting, and after 7 and 30 days immersed in distilled water. Percentages of volumetric changes after 7 and 30 days of immersion were compared by t-test. ANOVA/Tukey tests were used to compare endodontic materials (5% significance level). All root canal sealers had an increase in their volumetric change after 30 days. Among root-end filling materials, only IRM showed difference between the periods. Biodentine showed more volumetric changes than MTA, but both materials kept their volume from 7 to 30 days. In conclusion, the immersion period of endodontic materials may affect their stability.

Abstract The aims of the present study were to compare conventional radiography, radiographs digitized with a scanner or photographic camera, and digital radiography, used to evaluate the radiopacity of endodontic materials, and to compare the accuracy of linear and quadratic models used to convert radiopacity values to equivalent millimeters of aluminum (mm Al). Specimens of AH Plus, Endofill, Biodentine and BioMTA materials (n = 8) were radiographed next to an aluminum step-wedge using radiographic films and digital radiography systems (FONA CMOS sensor, Kodak CMOS sensor and photosensitive phosphor plate-PSP). Conventional radiographs were digitized using a scanner or photographic digital camera. Digital images of all the radiographic systems were evaluated using dedicated software. Optical density units (ODU) of the specimens and the aluminum step-wedge were evaluated by a photo-densitometer (PTDM), used in conventional radiographs. The radiopacity in equivalent mm Al of the materials was determined by linear and quadratic models, and the coefficients of determination (R2) values were calculated for each model. Radiopacity of the materials ranged from -9% to 25% for digital systems and digitized radiographs, compared to the PTDM (p < 0.05). The R2 values of the quadratic model were higher than those of the linear model. In conclusion, the FONA CMOS sensor showed the lowest radiopacity variability of the methodologies used, compared with the PTDM, except for the BioMTA group (higher than PTDM). The quadratic model showed higher R2 values than the linear model, thus indicating better accuracy and possible adoption to evaluate the radiopacity of endodontic materials.

Resumo Para a seleção do irrigante endodôntico deve-se considerar os possíveis efeitos citotóxicos. O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos do hipoclorito de cálcio [Ca(OCl)2] e do cloridrato de octenidina (OCT) em células L929 e do ligamento periodontal humano (hPDL). As células foram expostas a diferentes doses das soluções: Ca(OCl)2 2,5% e 5%, OCT 0,1%, hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) 2,5% e clorexidina (CHX) 2%. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelos ensaios de metil-tiazol-tetrazólio (MTT) e vermelho neutro (NR), e a proliferação/migração pelo teste de cicatrização. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA de duas vias e Bonferroni (α=0,05). Os ensaios MTT e NR mostraram que OCT 0,1% foi menos citotóxico nas células do hPDL (p<0,05), seguido da CHX 2% e Ca(OCl)2 2,5% (p<0,05). Não houve diferença entre NaOCl 2,5% e Ca(OCl)2 5% (p>0,05). No entanto, estas soluções foram mais citotóxicas que as demais. O resultado foi o mesmo nas células L929, exceto que não houve diferença significativa entre CHX 2% e Ca(OCl)2 2,5% (p>0,05). A proliferação/migração das células L929 e do hPDL às 24 h nos grupos OCT 0,1%, CHX 2%, e Ca(OCl)2 2,5% foi maior que nos grupos Ca(OCl)2 5% e NaOCl 2,5% (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que OCT foi menos citotóxico que CHX, Ca(OCl)2 e NaOCl. Ca(OCl)2 2,5 e 5% apresentaram citotoxicidade menor ou similar ao NaOCl 2,5%, respectivamente. Os grupos OCT, CHX e Ca(OCl)2 2,5% apresentaram maior proliferação/migração celular do que os grupos do Ca(OCl)2 5% e NaOCl 2,5%. Portanto, OCT e Ca(OCl)2 têm potencial para serem utilizados como irrigantes endodônticos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess cytotoxicity and cell migration of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] and octenidine hydrochloride - OCT (Octenisept®, Schülke & Mayr, Norderstedt, Germany) in L929 and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. The cells were exposed to different doses of different solutions: 2.5% and 5% Ca(OCl)2, 0.1% OCT, 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX for 10 min. Cell viability was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, and cell migration was determined by wound-healing assay. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). The MTT and NR assays revealed that 0.1% OCT was less cytotoxic in hPDL cells (p<0.05), followed by 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between 2.5% NaOCl and 5% Ca(OCl)2 (p>0.05), but these solutions showed greater cytotoxicity than the others. The result was the same for L929 cells, except that there was no significant difference between 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p>0.05). Wound-healing assay in L929 and hPDL cells showed that cell migration of 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 groups was higher than 5% Ca(OCl)2 and 2.5% NaOCl groups at 24 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, 0.1% OCT had lower cytotoxicity in tested cell lines than CHX, Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl. Cell migration was higher for 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2. Therefore, in terms of cytotoxicity, OCT and Ca(OCl)2 have the potential to be used as root canal irrigants.