ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of organic acids on the intestinal integrity and productive performance of broiler chickens experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis. Additionally, Salmonella colonization levels in internal organs were evaluated. The study included 576 one-day-old CobbTM male broilers, distributed into eight treatment groups and six replicates. A completely randomized experimental design (encapsulated butyric acid × inoculation by Salmonella Enteritidis) was used. Poultry was orally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis in the first day (0 or 2.0 × 106 CFU/mL) and after 22 days of age (0 or 1.0 × 109 CFU/ mL). The butyric acid was added to the feed in different concentration (treatments 0.03, 0.075, and 0.15%), and the chickens were raised up to 42 days old. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% increased the body weight gain and the average weight of the chickens up to 21 days old. After 14 days old, the butyric acid had a positive effect on jejunum villus. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% in feed improves the performance and intestinal integrity of chickens. Additionally evaluated 57 onedayold one old broilers replicates encapsulated used 0 ( 20 2 2. 10 CFU/mL CFUmL CFU mL 1 1. mL. . mL) treatments 003 03 0.03 0075 075 0.075 0.15%, 015 0.15% , 15 0.15%) 4 villus 5 00 0.0 007 07 0.07 01 0.15 0. 0.1

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to assess the impact of an enzyme complex (EC) on the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM), crude protein (MCCP), and ether extract (MCEE) and on the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, dried bovine plasma, and poultry offal meal. Additionally, the experiments aimed to evaluate how EC affected broiler performance. In experiment I, 720 day-old Cobb 500® broilers were assigned to a completely randomized design using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors considered were the feedstuff (corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, dried bovine plasma, and poultry offal meal) and the presence or absence of EC. The broilers were housed in 45 pens, using five replicates, with ten birds in the pre-starter phase and six birds in the starter phase. This design resulted in eight treatment groups, including one reference diet group. In experiment II, 1140 day-old Cobb 500® chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, employing a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the same main factors as in experiment I. Birds were housed in 48 pens, using six replicates/30 birds, yielding eight treatments. The use of the EC did not lead to improvements in digestibility of the feedstuffs. However, the addition of EC resulted in enhanced body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratios across all phases of broiler growth. Enzyme complex inclusion did not affect feed intake. While the EC did not enhance the metabolizability of nutrients in feedstuffs individually, broilers fed diets containing these feedstuffs and supplemented with EC exhibited improved performance at 42 days of age. This suggests that the impact of the EC varies depending on whether it is observed at the feedstuff or diet level. (EC MCDM, MCDM , (MCDM) MCCP, MCCP (MCCP) MCEE (MCEE nitrogencorrected nitrogen corrected AMEn (AMEn meal concentrate plasma Additionally I 72 dayold day old 500 arrangement pens replicates prestarter pre groups group II 114 replicates30 30 replicates/3 treatments However growth intake individually age level (MCDM (MCCP 7 50 11 replicates3 3 replicates/ 5 1

RESUMO O ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) compreende o grupo de isômeros posicionais e geométricos do ácido linoleico. Na dieta de matrizes, aumenta a proporção de ácidos graxos saturados dos ovos e pode ser uma importante ferramenta para o estudo dos efeitos da suplementação materna de CLA sobre o metabolismo lipídico da progênie. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de CLA na dieta de matrizes de frango de corte sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos da gema, a qualidade dos ovos e a incubação. Dois lotes comerciais de matrizes Cobb500®, com 58 semanas de idade, foram suplementados com 0% ou 0,025% de CLA (trans-10, cis-12). Após 26 dias, 300 ovos por tratamento foram coletados, dois quais 30 foram utilizados para as análises de qualidade e perfil de ácidos graxos da gema, enquanto os ovos restantes foram submetidos à incubação. A qualidade das aves foi avaliada à eclosão, e o peso e conteúdo do saco vitelínico residual foram avaliados à eclosão. Ovos não eclodidos foram submetidos a análise residual. A suplementação das matrizes não influenciou os parâmetros de incubação e peso dos pintos à eclosão. Contudo, modificou o perfil de ácidos graxos da gema e do saco vitelínico, levando ao acúmulo de CLA no saco vitelínico após a eclosão. Conclui-se que a suplementação de 0,025% de CLA na dieta de matrizes não altera parâmetros de incubação e o peso da progênie à eclosão, mas modifica os perfis de ômega-6 e ácidos palmitoleico, linoleico e araquidônico tanto na gema quando no saco vitelínico residual. (CLA Objetivouse Objetivou se Cobb500 Cobb Cobb500® 5 idade 0 0025 025 0,025 trans10, trans10 trans 10, 10 (trans-10 cis12. cis12 cis 12 . cis-12) 2 dias coletados 3 eclosão Contudo Concluise Conclui ômega6 ômega 6 ômega- palmitoleico Cobb50 002 02 0,02 trans1 1 (trans-1 cis1 cis-12 Cobb5 00 0,0 (trans- cis-1 0, (trans cis-

ABSTRACT Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. Hens fed a diet supplemented with CLA exhibit increased levels of saturated fatty acids, which may influence the quality characteristics of eggs and the offspring lipid metabolism. The present study, aimed to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of CLA for broiler breeders on the residual yolk sac fatty acid profile, egg quality, and hatchability. Two 58-week-old Cobb500® broiler breeder commercial flocks were fed diets supplemented with 0% or 0.025% CLA (trans-10, cis-12). After 26 days, 300 eggs from each treatment group were collected, and among these eggs, 30 were subjected to egg quality assessment and egg yolk fatty acid profile analysis. The remaining 270 eggs were subjected to incubation analysis. The quality of the chicks was evaluated at hatch. The residual yolk sac content and weight at hatch were also evaluated. Unhatched eggs were subjected to residual analysis. The supplementation of the breeders’ diet with 0.025% CLA did not influence the incubation parameters and the weight of the chicks at hatch. However, the egg yolk and residual yolk sac fatty acid profile were altered and CLA accumulation was increased in the residual yolk sac at hatch in this treatment group. In conclusion, CLA supplementation in the diet of breeders did not influence the incubation parameters and the weight of the chicks, although it did alter the profiles of omega-6, palmitoleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids in both egg yolk and residual yolk sac. (CLA metabolism study hatchability 58weekold weekold 58 week old Cobb500 Cobb 0 0025 025 0.025 trans10, trans10 trans 10, 10 (trans-10 cis12. cis12 cis 12 . cis-12) 2 days collected 3 analysis 27 However conclusion omega6, omega6 omega 6, 6 omega-6 palmitoleic 5 Cobb50 002 02 0.02 trans1 1 (trans-1 cis1 cis-12 omega- Cobb5 00 0.0 (trans- cis-1 0. (trans cis-

ABSTRACT. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of protease addition to the diet of broilers at a higher level (1× or 2×) than the nutritional value proposed for the enzyme. The first experiment, 1280 day-old chicks (Cobb500®) were randomly allocated (randomized block design, 2×2+1 factorial arrangement), five treatments, eight replicates containing 32 birds/replicate. Treatments consisted: control diet without protease (CD); CD + 1× nutritional value of the enzyme (CDM1); CD + 2× nutritional value of the enzyme (CDM2); CDM1 + protease; and CDM2 + protease. The experimental period was 42 days. The mean weight (AFW), feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion, and carcass yield were evaluated. Significant differences were observed for AFW, WG, FI, abdominal fat yield, and feet percentage in the carcass. In the second experiment, 120 Cobb500® chicks at 14 days of age were allotted in a completely randomized design, 2×2+1 factorial arrangement, five treatments, six replicates with four birds/replicate. The treatments were consistent with the first experiment. Significant improvements in the nitrogen balance were observed for the broilers that received protease. The use of the enzyme tested is recommended with the recommended nutritional matrix, improving the zootechnical indices of broilers. ABSTRACT 1 (1 2 experiment 128 dayold day old Cobb500 Cobb (Cobb500® design 221 2×2+ arrangement , arrangement) 3 birdsreplicate birds replicate birds/replicate consisted (CD) CDM (CDM1) (CDM2) 4 AFW (AFW) FI (FI) WG (WG) conversion evaluated 12 matrix ( Cobb50 (Cobb500 22 2×2 (CD (CDM1 (CDM2 (AFW (FI (WG Cobb5 (Cobb50 (CDM (Cobb5 (Cobb

ABSTRACT. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets with reduced energy level content, supplemented with carbohydrase, on broiler performance and the coefficient of metabolizability of nutrients. A total of 720 one-day-old male Cobb-500 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, eight repetitions of 15 birds each. The treatments were: (1) a positive control, basal diet to meet the requirements of broiler chickens (PC); (2) a negative control, basal diet with a reduction of 80 kcal kg-1 (NC); (3) NC + alphagalactosydase; (4) NC + xylanase; (5) NC + xylanase and alphagalactosydase, and (6) NC + enzymatic blend (alphagalactosydase, xylanase, pectinase and amylase). The nutrient digestibility was not improved by use of enzymes. At 7 days of age, the broilers which were fed diets supplemented with enzymes showed a lower feed intake (FI) and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the broilers fed on PC. Both the NC and enzymatic blend resulted in a worse performance of the broilers at 21, 35 and 42 days old. The use of alphagalactosydase and xylanase, isolated or in combination, in a corn-soybean meal-based diet is effective in improving the growth performance of broilers fed energy-reduced diets. ABSTRACT content carbohydrase nutrients 72 onedayold one day old Cobb500 Cobb 500 Cobb-50 design 1 each (1 control PC (PC) 2 (2 8 kg1 kg kg- (NC) 3 (3 4 (4 5 (5 6 (6 (alphagalactosydase amylase. amylase . amylase) age FI (FI FCR (FCR 21 combination cornsoybean corn soybean mealbased meal based energyreduced Cobb50 50 Cobb-5 ( (PC (NC Cobb5 Cobb-

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing choline chloride with a plant source of choline on the locomotor system, liver health, and development of breast myopathies in broilers aged 1-42 days of age. We allocated 1,120 one-day-old Cobb broilers to four treatment groups and fed them commercial diets based on corn and soybean meal. The treatments included choline in the form of 1,800.00 mg/kg choline chloride; 1,350.00 mg/kg choline chloride + 450.00 mg/kg herbal choline; 900.00 mg/kg choline chloride + 900.00 mg/kg herbal choline; and 1,000.00 mg/kg herbal choline. Each treatment group had eight replications. Throughout the experiment, gait score, footpad dermatitis, hock burn, and leg deformities (valgus and varus) were evaluated in the birds at 28 and 35 days of age. After slaughter, parameters such as breast myopathies, tibial dyschondroplasia score, and histological slides of the pectoral muscle, liver, and proximal tibial epiphysis were assessed. The results demonstrated good hepatic and locomotor health in the broilers, as no classical signs of choline deficiency were observed. Statistical analyses indicated no significant differences between treatments in terms of liver and locomotor health, suggesting that broilers fed diets supplemented with the plant source did not experience choline deficiency. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found between treatments regarding breast myopathies. Overall, the tested choline plant source can effectively replace choline chloride in broiler diets. system 142 1 42 1-4 age 1120 120 1,12 onedayold one day old meal 180000 800 00 1,800.0 mgkg mg kg 135000 350 1,350.0 45000 450 450.0 90000 900 900.0 100000 000 1,000.0 replications experiment score dermatitis burn valgus varus 2 3 slaughter muscle assessed observed Additionally Overall 14 4 1- 112 12 1,1 18000 80 0 1,800. 13500 1,350. 4500 45 450. 9000 90 900. 10000 1,000. 11 1, 1800 8 1,800 1350 1,350 9 1000 1,000 180 1,80 135 1,35 100 1,00 18 1,8 13 1,3 10 1,0

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da densidade do grão de milho sobre características físico-químicas, valores energéticos e de metabolizabilidade aparente. Avaliou-se a correlação entre a densidade específica (kg/m3) e os parâmetros: proteína bruta (%); extrato etéreo (%); fibra bruta (%); energia bruta (%); presença de fumonisinas (ppb) e aflatoxinas (ppb); umidade (%); grãos bons, quebrados, chochos, carunchados e ardidos, em Percentagem. Um ensaio de metabolismo com dietas contendo diferentes densidades específicas do grão de milho, para frango de corte, no período de 14 a 21 dias de idade, foi conduzido para avaliar a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e a corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn), os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade: matéria seca (CM_MS), proteína bruta (CM_PB), extrato etéreo (CM_EE), cálcio (CM_Ca) e fósforo (CM_P). O experimento foi composto por cinco tratamentos (dieta referência e dietas substituindo 40% desta com milhos de densidades específicas: 740 kg/m3, 760 kg/m3, 780 kg/m3 e 800 kg/m3), com oito repetições, totalizando 400 frangos machos. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-knott e estimada as equações de regressão nas diferentes densidades específicas das frações de milho. As correlações entre a densidade específica e grãos bons e quebrados foram de moderada magnitude e com os parâmetros químicos foram de baixa magnitude. Com o aumento da densidade específica para EMA e EMAn na matéria natural obteve-se resposta linear decrescente, enquanto na matéria seca, foi quadrático. Para CMMS, CMPB, CMCA e CMP a densidade de 780 kg/m3 apresentou os menores valores, enquanto para CMEE, o menor valor foi para a menor densidade específica. Não foi possível determinar a fração de milho com melhor composição nutricional e melhores coeficientes de metabolizabilidade. Objetivouse Objetivou se físicoquímicas, físicoquímicas físico químicas, químicas físico-químicas Avaliouse Avaliou kgm3 kgm kg m3 m (kg/m3 % (%) ppb (ppb chochos ardidos Percentagem corte 1 2 idade (EMA EMAn, , (EMAn) CM_MS, CMMS CM_MS CM MS (CM_MS) CM_PB, CMPB CM_PB PB (CM_PB) CM_EE, CMEE CM_EE EE (CM_EE) CM_Ca CMCa Ca (CM_Ca CM_P. CM_P . P (CM_P) dieta 40 74 76 78 kg/m 80 kg/m3) repetições machos Scottknott Scott knott obtevese obteve decrescente quadrático (kg/m (% (EMAn (CM_MS (CM_PB (CM_EE (CM_P 4 7 8 (

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the specific gravity of maize kernels on physicochemical traits, energy values, and metabolizability coefficients. Pearson’s correlations were evaluated between specific gravity (kg/m3) and crude protein (%); ether extract (%); crude fiber (%); gross energy (%); presence of fumonisins (ppb) and aflatoxins (ppb); and kernel quality (good, rotten, weevil-damaged, broken, and shriveled kernels, %). A metabolism trial was conducted with diets containing maize fractions of different specific gravities for male broilers from 14 to 21 days of age. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn), and the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (MCDM), crude protein (MCCP), ether extract (MCEE), calcium (MCCa), and phosphorus (MCP) were evaluated. The experiment consisted of five treatments (reference diet and diets with 40% replaced with maize at five specific gravities (740, 740, 760, or 800 kg/m3). Eight replications were used, totaling 400 broilers chickens. The Scott-Knott test was applied and regression equations were fitted to compare the treatments. Specific gravity had moderate correlations with good and broken kernels and low-magnitude correlations with chemical parameters. Increasing specific gravities caused AME and AMEn to increase linearly when analyzed on an as-is basis; and to respond quadratically when expressed on a dry-matter basis. The specific gravity of 780 kg/m3 provided the lowest MCDM, MCCP, MCCa, and MCP values, whereas the lowest MCEE, was found at the lowest density. It was not possible to determine the best nutritional composition or the best metabolizability coefficients. traits values Pearsons Pearson s kgm3 kgm kg m3 m (kg/m3 % (%) ppb (ppb good, (good rotten weevildamaged, weevildamaged weevil damaged, damaged weevil-damaged %. . %) 1 2 age AME, , (AME) nitrogencorrected nitrogen corrected AMEn, (AMEn) MCDM (MCDM) MCCP (MCCP) MCEE (MCEE) MCCa (MCCa) (MCP reference 40 740 (740 760 80 kg/m3. kg/m3) used chickens ScottKnott Scott Knott lowmagnitude low magnitude parameters asis as is basis drymatter 78 kg/m density (kg/m (% (AME (AMEn (MCDM (MCCP (MCEE (MCCa 4 74 (74 76 8 7 ( (7

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects that breeder age has on digestive and immune system development; the transfer of immunoglobulins to egg yolk, yolk sac, and neonate chicks; and the immune response of chicks up to 35 days old. Three ages (32, 42, and 52 weeks) of Hubbard breeders were studied with ages as treatments. A total of 425 eggs were weighed for each of the three treatments and incubated. After hatching, a total of 300 1-day-old chicks were used in each treatment. We studied the development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system of progeny and IgY transfer from breeder to progeny. Chicks from 52-week-old breeders had greater gastrointestinal tract growth up to seven days of life and greater body weight at 14 days. Older breeders (52 weeks) had higher amounts of IgY in serum and egg yolk. Chicks from the youngest breeders (32-weeks-old) had a better immune response at two weeks post-vaccination. It can be concluded that the older breeders have a greater capacity to immunize progeny up to 14 days. Strategies can be developed to increase IgY in the serum of young breeders and, consequently, increase the innate immunity of the newly-hatched chicks.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de pintainhas de postura na fase de cria, alimentadas com dietas formuladas com aumento de fibra bruta e dois alimentos com composições de fibra diferentes. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, utilizando-se 300 pintainhas Bovans White, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e arranjo fatorial 2x2+1, com dois níveis de fibra bruta na dieta (3,0% e 3,5 % de FB), duas fontes de fibra (farelo de trigo e bagaço de cana) e o tratamento testemunha (ração a base de milho e farelo de soja), totalizando cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves cada. Foram avaliados padrões de comportamento de manutenção e bem-estar aos 21 e 42 dias de idade. Não houve diferença no comportamento e na classificação por ordem de importância das atividades realizadas pelas aves alimentadas com fibra e observadas aos 21 e 42 dias pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis (P>0,05). Obteve-se condições média e boa com farelo de trigo e 3,5 e 3,0% de fibra bruta, respectivamente, com 21 dias de idade. Aos 42 dias, o uso de bagaço de cana ao nível de 3,5% de fibra bruta e o farelo de trigo ao nível de 3,0%, mostraram boas condições de comportamento. A utilização de fibra bruta na alimentação de frangas não alterou o comportamento das aves.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the behavior and welfare conditions of laying chicks in the starter phase, fed with diets formulated with increasing levels of crude fiber (CF) and two feedstuffs with different fiber compositions. The experiment was developed at the Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia - GO, Brazil. Three hundred Bovans White chicks were evaluated in a completely randomized design with a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement corresponding to two levels of CF in the diet (3.0 and 3.5%) and two fiber sources (wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse), plus a control treatment (maize- and soybean meal-based), totaling five treatments with six replicates of 10 birds each. Maintenance behavioral patterns and welfare were assessed at 21 and 42 days of age. There was no difference in behavior and classification by order of importance of the activities performed by the fiber-fed birds observed at 21 and 42 days, according to the Kruskal Wallis test (P>0.05). Medium and good welfare conditions were obtained with wheat bran at 3.5 and 3.0% CF, respectively, at 21 days of age. At 42 days, the use of sugarcane bagasse at the CF level of 3.5% and wheat bran at the level of 3.0%provided good behavior conditions. The use of crude fiber in the feeding of hens did not change their behavior.

RESUMO: A qualidade da casca está diretamente ligada à boa aceitabilidade do produto pelos consumidores, enquanto a indústria se preocupa com as perdas econômicas. Períodos prolongados de postura, doenças, nutrição, idade da ave e genética podem influenciar a qualidade dos ovos. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do ambiente, idade da ave e período de armazenamento nas características físicas da casca de ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizados 288 ovos de poedeiras Hy-line, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em fatorial triplo 3x2x4, sendo os fatores: três idades (31, 62 e 88 semanas), temperatura de armazenamento (ambiente e refrigerado), e quatro períodos de armazenamento (um, 10, 20 e 30 dias), totalizando 24 tratamentos, com quatro repetições de três ovos. Avaliou-se a resistência, percentual e espessura da casca. Foram observadas diferenças, uma vez que os ovos armazenados em temperatura ambiente apresentaram diminuição na resistência de casca. Ovos de poedeiras em idade avançada (88 semanas) apresentaram pior resistência de casca em relação às demais idades, enquanto ovos provenientes de poedeiras jovens (31 semanas) apresentaram maior espessura de casca. A idade avançada da poedeira reduziu a qualidade de casca dos ovos, independentemente do ambiente de armazenamento. Ainda, os ovos armazenados em geladeira apresentaram melhor qualidade e integridade da casca em comparação com os armazenados ao ambiente.

ABSTRACT: Eggshell quality is directly linked to the good acceptability of the product by consumers, whereas the industry is concerned with economic losses. Prolonged periods of laying, diseases, nutrition, bird age and genetics can influence egg quality. This study aimed to examine the influence of the environment, bird age and storage period on the physical characteristics of the shell of eggs from commercial laying hens. The experiment involved 288 eggs from Hy-line hens, which were distributed in a completely randomized design with a triple 3×2×4 factorial arrangement represented by three ages (31, 62 or 88 weeks), two storage temperatures (ambient or refrigerated), and four storage periods (one, 10, 20 or 30 days), totaling 24 treatments. Four replications were used with three eggs each. Eggshell strength, percentage and thickness were measured. Differences were observed, with the eggs stored at room temperature exhibiting lower shell strength. Laying eggs at an advanced age (88 weeks) resulted in decreased eggshell strength as compared with the other ages, whereas the eggs from young layers (31 weeks) had a thicker shell. The advancing age of the laying hens reduced eggshell quality, regardless of the storage environment. Nonetheless, the eggs stored in the refrigerator showed better eggshell quality and integrity than those stored at ambient temperature.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of guava extract standardized in phenolic compounds (SGE) on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal histomorphometry. A total of 300 one-day-old male Cobb-500® broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (basal diet supplemented with 120 mg vitamin E/kg and basal diet supplemented with 0, 600, 800, or 1,000 mg SGE/kg) and six replicates of ten birds each. Performance was evaluated at seven and 21 days of age; digestibility of nutrients was determined by total excreta collection from 18 to 21 days of age; and histomorphometry of the small intestine was assessed at 21 days of age. Broilers fed diets supplemented with SGE or vitamin E had higher body weight and weight gain and better feed conversion than those fed unsupplemented diet at seven days of age. At the same age, there was a quadratic effect of SGE levels on body weight and weight gain, with better weights for 715 and 716 mg SGE/kg, respectively; and a decreasing linear effect for feed conversion. At 21 days of age, body weight and weight gain increased linearly with the inclusion of SGE in diet. Digestibility of feed nutrients was not influenced by treatments. Broilers fed diet supplemented with 800 or 1,000 mg SGE/kg had greater villus height and villus:crypt ratio of the duodenum than those fed unsupplemented diet. Villus height in the jejunum of broilers fed diet supplemented with 600 mg SGE/kg was lower than that of broilers that received vitamin E. Guava extract standardized in phenolic compounds can be used in diets for broilers in the starter phase, considering that the extract increases weight gain, reduces feed conversion, and helps in the development of the intestinal mucosa.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o processamento térmico de rações pré-iniciais sobre o desempenho, morfometria dos órgãos do sistema digestório e metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes das rações de pintos de corte. Foram utilizados 180 pintos de corte, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos, seis repetições de 15 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em ração peletizada (70°C) e ração extrusada (150°C). O ensaio de metabolizabilidade foi realizado de quatro a sete dias de idade, enquanto o desempenho e morfometria dos órgãos do sistema digestório foram avaliados aos sete e 21 dias de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Aos sete dias de idade, os pintos que consumiram ração extrusada apresentaram menor consumo de ração, menor desenvolvimento dos órgãos do trato digestório, pior metabolizabilidade do nitrogênio, matéria seca, além de menor energia metabolizável em relação a ração peletizada. Do mesmo modo, aos 21 dias de idade, os pintos que consumiram ração pré-inicial extrusada apresentaram pior desempenho em relação a ração peletizada. Conclui-se que ração extrusada a 150°C para pintos de corte na fase pré-inicial, resulta em menor metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e menor desenvolvimento dos órgãos do sistema digestório aos sete dias de idade e pior desempenho aos 21 dias.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal processing of pre-initial diets on performance, morphometry of the organs of the digestive system and nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks. The test sample consisted of 180 broiler chicks distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, six replications of 15 birds each. The treatments consisted of pelleted feed (70°C) and extruded feed (150°C). The metabolism test was realized from 4 to 7 days of age, while the performance and morphometry of the organs of the digestive system were evaluated at 7 and 21 days of age. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. At seven days of age, chicks that consumed extruded feed had lower feed intake, less development of digestive tract organs, lower nitrogen absorption rate, dry matter, in addition to less metabolizable energy compared to pelleted feed. Likewise, at 21 days of age, chicks that consumed extruded pre-starter feed performed worse than pelleted feed. The conclusion is thus reached that feed extruded at 150 ° C for broiler chicks in the pre-initial phase, results in lower nutrient digestibility and an inferior development of the organs of the digestive system at 7 days of age and worse performance at 21 days.

RESUMO Objetivou-se verificar o efeito do óleo de sucupira em dietas para frangos de corte sobre o desenvolvimento intestinal, metabolizabilidade da matéria seca e do nitrogênio e desempenho de frangos de corte. Um total de 350 frangos de corte Cobb500® de um dia de idade, machos, foram distribuídos em sete tratamentos com cinco repetições, totalizando 35 unidades experimentais com 10 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em dieta controle negativo, quatro dietas com diferentes níveis de óleo de sucupira (100; 500; 900 e 1.300 mg/kg), dieta com mananoligossacarídeo e dieta controle positivo com antibiótico. A inclusão de 900 e 1.300 mg de óleo de sucupira prejudicou o desenvolvimento intestinal e a metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes (P <0,05). A inclusão de 100 ou 500 mg de óleo de sucupira na ração para frangos de corte foi semelhante aos tratamentos controle negativo, MOS e antibiótico para as variáveis de desempenho (todas as fases estudadas) e também para a metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes (P <0,05). Pode-se concluir que níveis elevados de óleo de sucupira não são recomendados na dieta de frangos de corte.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effect of sucupira oil in diets of broilers on gut development, dry matter and nitrogen metabolizability and broilers performance. A total of 350 one-d-old, male, Cobb500® broiler were allotted in seven treatments with five replicates, totaling 35 experimental units with 10 birds each. The dietary treatments consisted of a negative control diet, four diets with different levels of sucupira oil (100; 500; 900 and 1,300 mg/kg), diet with mannanoligosaccharide and control diet with antibiotic. The inclusion of 900 and 1,300 mg of sucupira oil impaired gut development and metabolizability of nutrients (P<0.05). The inclusion of 100 or 500 mg of sucupira oil in broiler feed was similar to negative control, MOS and antibiotic treatments for performance variables (all phases studied) and also for nutrient metabolizability (P<0.05). It can be concluded that high levels of sucupira oil is not recommended in broilers diet.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se determinar os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn), e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca, proteína e extrato etéreo do milho, milheto e sorgo em diferentes granulometrias para frangos de crescimento lento. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos, com 140 pintos de corte da linhagem Label Rouge® Pescoço Pelado, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram em rações-teste (ração referência 60% + ingrediente 40%) e uma ração referência. Foram testados os ingredientes e a granulometria expressa como Diâmetro Geométrico médio (DGM, μm) e Desvio Padrão Geométrico (DPG): 816 e 1,73 para milho grosseiramente moído, 794 e 1,75 para milho finamente moído, 1,517 e 1,92 para milheto-grão e 760 e 1,73 para milheto finamente moído (Experimento 1); 1.866 e 1.86 para sorgo-grão, 919 e 1,62 para sorgo grosseiramente moído e 878 e 1,72 para sorgo finamente moído (Experimento 2). Os valores de AME e AMEn e os coeficientes de metabolização da matéria seca, proteína e extrato etéreo foram determinados pelo método de coleta total de excretas. O coeficiente de metabolização da energia não apresentou diferença (P > 0,05) entre os grãos nas diferentes granulometrias. Os coeficientes de metabolização da matéria seca, do nitrogênio e do extrato etéreo foram incrementados com o aumento da granulometria para o milho. O fornecimento de grãos com maiores granulometrias proporciona aos frangos de crescimento lento a melhora na metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e energia. Grãos inteiros de sorgo tem aproveitamento nutricional limitado para frangos de crescimento lento até 21 dias de idade.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values as well as the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, protein, and ether extract of corn, pearl millet, and sorghum in different particle sizes for slow-growing broilers. Two experiments were carried out involving 280 chicks of the Label Rouge® Naked Neck broiler line, with 140 chicks allotted to each experiment in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of a reference diet and a test diet (60% reference diet + 40% feedstuff). The feedstuffs were tested and particle size (expressed as geometric mean diameter [GMD, μm] and geometric standard deviation [GSD], respectively) results were 816 and 1.73 for coarsely ground corn, 794 and 1.75 for finely ground corn, 1.517 and 1.92 for pearl millet grain, 760 and 1.63 for finely ground pearl millet (Experiment 1); and 1,866 and 1.86 for whole grain sorghum, 919 and 1.62 for coarsely ground sorghum, and 878 and 1.72 for finely ground sorghum (Experiment 2). A metabolism trial was conducted by using the total excreta collection method to obtain the AME and AMEn values as well as the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, protein, and ether extract. The energy metabolization coefficient did not differ (P > 0.05) between the grains in the different tested particle sizes. However, there was an improvement in the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, nitrogen, and ether extract as the particle size of corn was increased. In conclusion, larger grain particle sizes improve the metabolizability of nutrients and energy for slow-growing broilers. Whole-grain sorghum has limited nutritional utilization for slow-growing birds up to 21 days of age.

ABSTRACT Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of digestible valine supplementation in pre-starter and starter diets on the productivity, nutrient metabolizability coefficient (NMC), and immune response of broilers from breeders of different ages. Experiments I and II were conducted with broilers in the pre-starter (1 to 7 days of age) and starter (8 to 21 days of age) phases, respectively. Broilers were fed diets that differed in their digestible valine content. In each trial, 400 male Cobb 500® chicks were randomly housed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with eight treatments and five replicates of 10 birds each. The main effects were breeder age (37 vs. 52 weeks) and the digestible valine level in pre-starter (9.2, 10.2, 11.2, and 12.2 g/kg) and starter (8.3, 9.3, 10.3, and 11.3 g/kg) diets. Productive performance, intestinal histology, and immune response of broilers were evaluated. Supplementation with 11.2 g/kg valine in pre-starter diets improved NMC and increased villus height and villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum, jejunum development, and lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen of broilers at seven days of age, without improving performance (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio). In the starter phase, valine supplementation reduced feed intake but did not affect NMC, intestinal development, or immune response. The present results suggest that the same level of digestible valine should be used in the diet of broilers born to breeders of different ages, and the use of 9.2 and 8.3 g/kg digestible valine in pre-starter and starter diets, respectively, is sufficient to ensure satisfactory broiler performance. However, to improve the duodenum and jejunum development and immune response of broilers in the pre-starter phase, higher digestible valine levels are required.