ABSTRACT The aims of this study were: to assess the genetic relationship of supersweet corn populations; and to establish the heterotic pattern of 49 supersweet (sh2) corn inbreds on F2S5 generation based on molecular marker data and specific combining ability. Forty-nine inbreds were evaluated using 20 SSR molecular markers, which were allocated into heterotic groups according to the discriminant principal component analysis. Twelve inbreds were crossed in a complete diallel scheme. The 81 entries (hybrids developed, parental lines and three commercial checks) were evaluated in a triple partial balanced lattice design (9 × 9) during the growing seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were estimated. The SCA values were used to set the heterotic patterns of the parental lines as well. Commercial yield without husk (CYWH) and ear length (EL) were more informative to set the heterotic groups. Additive and non-additive effects were important on the genetic control of the evaluated traits. However, for five of the six traits, the non-additive/dominance genetic effects showed to be more important in both environments. In fact, the hybrids developed among tropical by temperate germplasm had better performance than those ones developed within the temperate germplasm itself. SSR based-genetic distance demonstrate to be a reliable predictor as significant correlation was obtained between genetic distance with hybrid performance (for length of ears, ear height and CYWH) and SCA for all observed traits. The non-additive genetic effect that predominantly controlled all traits was the feasible explanation for the good prediction.

Com o objetivo de estimar as capacidades de combinação para resistência a raiz rosada e caracteres agronômicos em cebola (Allium cepa L.), realizou-se o presente estudo em esquema de cruzamento dialélico parcial. Para tal, utilizaram-se dois grupos de linhagens parcialmente endogâmicas como genitores. O grupo I constituiu-se de cinco linhagens parentais femininas, macho estéreis, originárias de uma População Tropical Brasileira, selecionadas para plantio no verão. O grupo II constituiu-se de dez linhagens parentais masculinas, que em sua maioria são originárias de populações de cebola Crioula, obtidas por meio de autofecundações sucessivas e mantidas através de seleção massal dentro das linhagens. Os caracteres avaliados foram: resistência a raiz rosada em escala de notas de 1 a 5, vigor foliar, arquitetura foliar, número de folhas, altura de folha (cm), número total de bulbos e peso total de bulbos (kg). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos com tratamentos ao acaso com três repetições. Houve ação dos efeitos aditivos para resistência a raiz rosada, verificando-se também alta a magnitude de efeitos não aditivos em algumas combinações, observou-se o mesmo comportamento genético para outros caracteres agronômicos de interesse. Deste modo, é possível realizar seleção intrapopulacional com os parentais utilizados no presente trabalho e obter híbridos com bom nível de resistência a raiz rosada e boas características agronômicas.

Aimed at estimating the combining abilities for pink root resistance and agronomic traits in onion (Allium cepa L.), the present study was carried out by using partial diallel scheme. Two partially endogamic inbred line groups were used as parents. Group I consisted of five male-sterile female inbred lines, originated from a Brazilian Tropical Onion Population, selected for sowing during the summer. Group II consisted of ten male inbred lines, most of which originated from Crioula onion populations, obtained by successive self-pollination and kept by mass selection within lines. The following traits were evaluated: pink root resistance using a score scale from 1 to 5, leaf vigor, leaf architecture, number of leaves, plant height (cm), total number of bulbs and total weight of bulbs (kg). Experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replicates. There were additive effects on pink root resistance and considerable non-additive effects for some combinations; the same genetic behavior was found for the other agronomic traits of interest. Thus, intrapopulation selection can be done with the inbred lines used in the current study and hybrids of high level of pink root resistance, as well as good agronomic traits, can be obtained.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a capacidade combinatória e a depressão endogâmica de híbridos de milho para caracteres agronômicos e qualidade de forragem. Foram avaliados nove híbridos de milho, 36 combinações F1 oriundas de um dialelo, nove populações S1 e duas testemunhas, em dois experimentos delineados em blocos completos ao acaso com três repetições, nas safras 2009/2010 e 2010/2011. Os genitores Impacto, CD304 e DKB390 são recomendados para a formação de um composto a ser submetido a um programa de seleção recorrente visando à melhoria na produção de forragem. Os cruzamentos entre o genitor Impacto e os parentais DKB390, P30P34 e P30B39 são promissores à melhoria da qualidade da forragem por meio da redução nos teores de fibra e aumento de proteína, sendo recomendados para extração de linhagens ou melhoramento interpopulacional. Foi detectada uma alta depressão endogâmica para rendimento de grãos, indicando que efeitos não aditivos contribuíram para a herança do caráter.

This study aimed to estimate the combining ability and inbreeding depression of corn hybrids for agronomic traits and forage quality. Nine corn hybrids, 36 F1 combinations from a diallel, 9 S1 populations and two checks were evaluated in two experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications, in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. The parents Impacto, CD304 and DKB390 are recommended to form a composite to be subjected to a recurrent selection program aiming to improve forage production. Crosses between Impacto and parents DKB390, P30P34 and P30B39 are promising to increase forage quality by reducing the fiber content and also by increasing the protein content, being recommended for extracting inbred lines and interpopulation improvement. High inbreeding depression for grain yield was detected, indicating that non-additive effects contributed to the inheritance of the trait.