ABSTRACT Given the large differences in the results of inoculation and co-inoculation in the bean crop, an experiment in cultivating winter beans was carried out in 2019 under greenhouse conditions with the aim of evaluating the performance of the beans and a possible increase in plant growth and grain production, using seeds inoculated or co-inoculated with Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense, with and without fungicide and/or insecticide, in sandy and clayey soils. A total of 112 pots were used, and 14 treatments were applied in a completely randomised experimental design, with four replications. The Scott-Knott test was used to analyse the results, and showed that whether using untreated seeds or carrying out complete chemical treatment with fungicide and insecticide plus co-inoculation with R. tropici and A. brasilense, winter bean production was reduced in clayey soil, while the joint use of fungicide and insecticide, fungicide and R. tropici, or fungicide, insecticide and R. tropici, favoured shoot development. Inoculating with A. brasilense, without R. tropici and with insecticide, or insecticide and fungicide, favoured greater root growth in clayey soil. In sandy soil, grain production was higher using seeds treated solely with insecticide, solely with R. tropici, or with a combination of both. Production was lower in the joint treatment with fungicide, insecticide and the co-inoculation of bacteria, or when using insecticide together with A. brasilense. coinoculation co crop 201 coinoculated brasilense andor soils 11 1 design replications ScottKnott Scott Knott R soil development both bacteria 20 2

Resumo A qualidade do solo refere-se à avaliação das propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo e tem sido um assunto explorado dentro das linhas de pesquisas agronômicas em decorrência de ações antrópicas que, muitas vezes, causam degradação. Objetivou-se pesquisar, entre os atributos físicos e biológicos estudados, aqueles que melhor expliquem, linear e espacialmente, a variabilidade do solo cultivado com soja na estação chuvosa e em pousio na estação seca no sistema agrossilvipastoril. O trabalho foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2015/2016, em Ipameri, Goiás. Analisaram-se as distribuições espaciais e as correlações entre alguns atributos indicadores da qualidade do solo: carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração microbiana do solo (C-CO2), quociente metabólico (qCO2) e umidade do solo (UG), na profundidade de 0,00-0,10 m, nos períodos de chuva e seca. Instalou-se no local, uma malha geoestatística, onde foram coletados 52 pontos. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, a fim de obter correlações lineares, simples e múltiplas, entre os atributos. Os semivariogramas foram modelados a fim de obter as respectivas krigagens e validações cruzadas. Estabeleceram-se as co-krigagens de interesse. Os atributos microbiológicos do solo foram bons indicadores de zonas de manejo específico, apresentando maior dependência espacial no período chuvoso. O qCO2 apresentou relação direta com C-CO2 no período chuvoso, enquanto CBM apresentou relação inversamente proporcional tanto no período chuvoso, como no seco. O qCO2 foi o atributo que melhor representou, linear e espacialmente, a variabilidade do solo sob o sistema ILPF, refletindo as zonas de maior eficiência do uso do substrato pelos organismos do solo.

Abstract Soil quality refers to the assessment of the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil and has been a subject explored within the lines of agronomic research because of anthropic actions that often cause degradation. The objective was to research, among the studied physical and biological attributes, those that best explain, linearly and spatially, the variability of the soil cultivated with soybeans in the rainy season and fallow in the dry season in the agrosilvopastoral system. The work was carried out in the 2015/2016 agricultural year, in Ipameri, Goiás. The spatial distributions and correlations between some soil quality indicator attributes were analyzed: microbial biomass carbon (CBM), soil microbial respiration (C-CO2), metabolic quotient (qCO2) and soil moisture (UG), at a depth of 0.00-0.10 m, during periods of rain and drought. A geostatistical grid was installed, where 52 points were collected. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out to obtain linear, simple and multiple correlations between the attributes. The semivariograms were modeled to obtain the respective krigings and cross-validations. The co-krigages of interest were established. The microbiological attributes of the soil were good indicators of specific management zones, showing greater spatial dependence in the rainy season. qCO2 was directly related to C-CO2 in the rainy season, while CBM was inversely proportional in bothrainy and dry periods. The qCO2 was the attribute that best represented, linearly and spatially, the variability of the soil under the ILPF system, reflecting the zones of greatest efficiency in the use of the substrate by soil organisms.