Abstract Bactrocera carambolae is a quarantine pest present in Brazil and today represents the main phytosanitary barrier to the export of the fresh fruits produced in the country. The effect of soil classes and moisture on the pupation depth and pupal viability of this insect was evaluated. Soils with three textural classes (sandy, sandy clay loam and clay loam) and four moisture levels (0%, 30%, 60% and 90% of field capacity of each soil) were used, for a total of 12 treatments with six repetitions. The pupation depths varied from the surface to 5 cm. The soil class was the most significant variable regarding the pupal development of B. carambolae. The moisture level did not have a significant effect on the pupation depth or pupal emergence, but there was a strong effect of the interaction of soil texture and moisture on the pupal viability, with an increase in emergence with higher moisture in the clay loam and sandy clay loam soils.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial da espécie vegetal pioneira Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana (Melastomataceae) para atuar como reservatório de parasitoides de moscas-das-frutas na Amazônia brasileira. Foram realizadas coletas de 48 amostras de frutos (4.012 frutos, 43,98 kg) durante os meses de julho, agosto e setembro de 2013, em 15 dos 16 municípios do estado do Amapá, Brasil. Todas as amostras apresentaram infestação por dípteros, com índices que variaram de 60,6 a 239,1 pupários/kg de fruto (média de 106,8 pupários/kg de fruto). O percentual de emergência variou de 18,6% a 64,3% (média de 39,9%). Exemplares de Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González (Diptera: Tephritidae) foram obtidos de todas as amostras coletadas. Exemplares de Neosilba (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) foram obtidos de cinco amostras, sendo representadas por Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado e Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann). O percentual médio de parasitismo foi de 12,8%, variando de 4,7% a 26,7%. Quatro espécies de parasitoides foram obtidas: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon sp.2, Opius bellus Gahan (Braconidae) e Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Figitidae). Doryctobracon areolatus, presente em todos os municípios amostrados, foi a espécie mais abundante. Considerando-se que B. grossularioides é uma espécie vegetal abundante na área amostrada, sua relevância quanto à manutenção da população de parasitoides é discutida no contexto do manejo integrado de moscas-das-frutas na Amazônia.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the pioneer plant species Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana (Melastomataceae) to act as a reservoir for parasitoids of fruit flies in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected 48 samples of fruits (total of 4,012 fruits, 43.98 kg) during the months of July, August and September of 2013, in 15 of the 16 municipalities of Amapá State, Brazil. All samples showed infestation by fruit flies, with rates varying from 60.6 to 239.1 puparia/kg of fruit (mean of 106.8 puparia/kg of fruit). The percentage of emergence varied 18.6 to 64.3% (mean of 39.9%). Specimens of Anastrepha coronilli Carrejo & González (Diptera: Tephritidae) were obtained from all samples collected. Specimens of Neosilba (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) were obtained from five samples, where they were represented by Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado and Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann). The mean percentage of parasitism was 12.8%, varying 4.7 to 26.7%. Four species of parasitoids were obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon sp.2, Opius bellus Gahan (Braconidae) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Figitidae). Doryctobracon areolatus, present in all municipalities sampled, was the most abundant species. Considering that B. grossularioides is a plant species that is abundant in the area sampled, its relevance with respect to the maintenance of the population of parasitoids is discussed in the context of the integrated management of fruit flies in the Amazon.