Abstract Simulating a bacterial-induced pulpitis environment in vitro may contribute to exploring mechanisms and bioactive molecules to counteract these adverse effects. Objective To investigate the chronic exposure of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) aiming to establish a cell culture protocol to simulate the impaired odontogenic potential under pulpitis conditions. Methodology HDPCs were isolated from four healthy molars of different donors and seeded in culture plates in a growth medium. After 24 h, the medium was changed to an odontogenic differentiation medium (DM) supplemented or not with E. coli LPS (0 - control, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg/mL) (n=8). The medium was renewed every two days for up to seven days, then replaced with LPS-free DM for up to 21 days. The activation of NF-κB and F-actin expression were assessed (immunofluorescence) after one and seven days. On day 7, cells were evaluated for both the gene expression (RT-qPCR) of odontogenic markers (COL1A1, ALPL, DSPP, and DMP1) and cytokines (TNF, IL1B, IL8, and IL6) and the production of reactive nitrogen (Griess) and oxygen species (Carboxy-H2DCFDA). Cell viability (alamarBlue) was evaluated weekly, and mineralization was assessed (Alizarin Red) at 14 and 21 days. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α=5%). Results After one and seven days of exposure to LPS, NF-κB was activated in a dose-dependent fashion. LPS at 1 and 10 µg/mL concentrations down-regulated the gene expression of odontogenic markers and up-regulated cytokines. LPS at 10 µg/mL increased both the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. LPS decreased cell viability seven days after the end of exposure. LPS at 1 and 10 µg/mL decreased hDPCs mineralization in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusion The exposure to 10 µg/mL LPS for seven days creates an inflammatory environment that is able to impair by more than half the odontogenic potential of HDPCs in vitro, simulating a pulpitis-like condition. bacterialinduced bacterial induced effects (HDPCs (LPS conditions 2 h (DM E 0 ( control 01 0.1 µgmL µg mL n=8. n8 n n=8 . 8 (n=8) LPSfree free NFκB NF κB Factin F actin immunofluorescence (immunofluorescence 7 RTqPCR RT qPCR (RT-qPCR COL1A1, COL1A1 COLA COL A (COL1A1 ALPL DSPP DMP1 DMP TNF, TNF (TNF IL1B ILB IL B IL8 IL6 Griess (Griess CarboxyH2DCFDA. CarboxyH2DCFDA CarboxyHDCFDA Carboxy H2DCFDA H DCFDA (Carboxy-H2DCFDA) alamarBlue (alamarBlue weekly Alizarin Red posthoc post hoc α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) dosedependent dose dependent fashion downregulated down regulated upregulated pulpitislike like condition 0. n= (n=8 COL1A (COL1A CarboxyH HDCFDA (Carboxy-H2DCFDA α=5 (α=5% (n= α= (α=5 (n (α= (α

Abstract This study evaluated the bioactive potential of a macro-porous chitosan scaffold incorporated with calcium hydroxide (CH-Ca) and functionalized with bioactive doses of simvastatin (SV) for bone tissue regeneration. Initially, the bioactive dose of SV in osteoblastic cells (SAOS-2) was determined. For the direct contact experiment, SAOS-2 cells were plated on scaffolds to assess cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. The second assay was performed at a distance using extracts from scaffolds incubated in culture medium to assess the effect of conditioned medium on viability and osteogenic differentiation. The initial screening showed that 1 μM SV presented the best biostimulating effects, and this dose was selected for incorporation into the CH-Ca and pure chitosan (CH) scaffolds. The cells remained viable throughout the direct contact experiment, with the greatest cell density in the CH-Ca and CH-Ca-SV scaffolds because of their higher porosity. The CH-Ca-SV scaffold showed the most intense bio-stimulating effect in assays in the presence and absence of osteogenic medium, leading to an increased deposition of mineralized matrix. There was an increase in the viability of cells exposed to the extracts for CH-Ca, CH-SV, and CH-Ca-SV during the one-day period. There was an increase in ALP activity in the CH-Ca and CH-Ca-SV; however, the CH-Ca-SV scaffold resulted in an intense increase in the deposition of mineralized nodules, approximately 56.4% at 7 days and 117% at 14 days, compared with CH (control). In conclusion, functionalization of the CH-Ca scaffold with SV promoted an increase in bioactivity, presenting a promising option for bone tissue regeneration. macroporous macro porous CHCa Ca (CH-Ca (SV regeneration Initially SAOS2 SAOS 2 (SAOS-2 determined experiment SAOS- differentiation effects (CH CHCaSV porosity bio stimulating matrix CHCa, Ca, CHSV, CHSV SV, CH-SV oneday one day period however nodules 564 56 4 56.4 117 control. control . (control) conclusion bioactivity (SAOS- 5 56. 11 (control (SAOS

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da interface de uma restauração adesiva na difusão do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), toxicidade indireta e expressão de mediadores pró-inflamatórios por células odontoblastóides, após clareamento dental em consultório. Cavidades dentárias preparadas em discos de esmalte / dentina foram restauradas com adesivo e submetidas ou não à degradação hidrolítica (HD). Um gel clareador com 35% H2O2 (WG) foi aplicado por 45 min em discos restaurados e não restaurados adaptados às câmaras pulpares artificiais dando origem aos grupos: SD- discos intactos (controle); SD / HP - Discos intactos clareados; RT / HP - discos restaurados e clareados; e RT / HD / HP - discos restaurados, clareados e submetidos a HD. Os extratos (meio de cultura + componentes WG difundidos através da interface esmalte/dentina/restauração) foram coletados e aplicados em células odontoblastóides MDPC-23. Foi avaliada a quantidade de H2O2 nos extratos, bem como a viabilidade (CV), morfologia (CM) e expressão gênica de mediadores inflamatórios (TNF-α e COX-2) pelas células pulpares expostas aos extratos (ANOVA e testes de Tukey; 5% de significância). Todos os grupos clareados apresentaram menor CV do que SD (controle; p <0,05). A maior redução CV e expressão gênica de TNF-α e COX-2 foi observada no grupo RT / HD / HP em comparação com SD / HP e RT / HP (controle; p <0,05). Alterações na CM ocorreram em todos os grupos clareados. A intensidade desses efeitos celulares teve relação direta com a quantidade de H2O2 nos extratos. Concluímos que a presença de uma cavidade contendo restauração adesiva aumenta a difusão de H2O2 após o clareamento em consultório, o que, por sua vez, aumenta a toxicidade indireta dessa terapia e desencadeia a expressão de mediadores pró-inflamatórios pelas células pulpares MDPC-23.

Abstract This paper aimed to assess the influence of adhesive restoration interface on the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indirect toxicity, and pro-inflammatory mediators expression by odontoblast-like cells, after in-office tooth whitening. Dental cavities prepared in bovine enamel/dentin discs were adhesively restored and subjected or not to hydrolytic degradation (HD). A whitening gel with 35% H2O2 (WG) was applied for 45 min onto restored and non-restored specimens adapted to artificial pulp chambers giving rise to the groups: SD- intact discs (control); SD/HP- whitened intact discs; RT/HP- restored and whitened discs; and RT/HD/HP- restored and whitened discs subjected to HD. The extracts (culture medium + WG components diffused through enamel/dentin/restoration interface) were collected and applied to odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. The study evaluated the amount of H2O2 in the extracts, as well as the cell viability (CV), cell morphology (CM), and gene expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and COX-2) by the pulp cells exposed to the extracts (ANOVA and Tukey tests; 5% significance). All whitened groups presented lower CV than SD (control; p<0.05). The highest CV reduction and gene expression of TNF-α and COX-2 was observed in the RT/HD/HP group in comparison with SD/HP and RT/HP (control; p<0.05). CM alterations occurred in all whitened groups. The intensity of these cell side effects was directly related with the amount of H2O2 in the extracts. We concluded that adhesive restoration of dental cavity increases the H2O2 diffusion after in-office whitening, enhancing the indirect toxicity of this therapy and trigger pro-inflammatory overexpression by MDPC-23 cells.

Abstract Potent signaling agents stimulate and guide pulp tissue regeneration, especially in endodontic treatment of teeth with incomplete root formation. Objective This study evaluated the bioactive properties of low concentrations of extracellular matrix proteins on human apical papilla cells (hAPCs). Methodology Different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 µg/mL) of fibronectin (FN), laminin (LM), and type I collagen (COL) were applied to the bottom of non-treated wells of sterilized 96-well plates. Non-treated and pre-treated wells were used as negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls. After seeding the hAPCs (5×103 cells/well) on the different substrates, we assessed the following parameters: adhesion, proliferation, spreading, total collagen/type I collagen synthesis and gene expression (ITGA5, ITGAV, COL1A1, COL3A1) (ANOVA/Tukey; α=0.05). Results We observed greater attachment potential for cells on the FN substrate, with the effect depending on concentration. Concentrations of 5 and 10 µg/mL of FN yielded the highest cell proliferation, spreading and collagen synthesis values with 10 µg/mL concentration increasing the ITGA5, ITGAV, and COL1A1 expression compared with PC. LM (5 and 10 µg/mL) showed higher bioactivity values than NC, but those were lower than PC, and COL showed no bioactivity at all. Conclusion We conclude that FN at 10 µg/mL concentration exerted the most intense bioactive effects on hAPCs.

Abstract The current study evaluated the effects of taxifolin treatments on the viability of osteoblast-like cells, and on the expression of early mineralization markers, as part of the ongoing search for new endodontic materials able to induce periapical healing without causing cytotoxicity. Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells were exposed to different concentrations of taxifolin (5 and 10 µM), applied as pretreatments either for 24h and 72h, or continuously throughout the experimental protocol. Cell viability using the methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase activity using thymolphthalein monophosphate assays, deposition of mineralized nodules using alizarin red staining, and expression of ALP and COL-1 by qPCR were determined after 6 and 13 days of treatment. The data were analyzed statistically (p<0.05). Taxifolin was not cytotoxic in the concentrations tested. Pretreatments with taxifolin for 24h and 72h at 10 µM stimulated ALP activity, and increased mineralized nodule deposition by Saos-2 cells. Continuous treatment with taxifolin was not effective in stimulating ALP activity and mineralization. ALP and COL-1 gene expression increased with taxifolin pretreatments, since the highest mRNA levels were observed after 72h of pretreatment with taxifolin at 10 µM on day 13. In conclusion, taxifolin was cytocompatible, and induced mineralization markers when applied for short periods in osteoblast-like cell culture.

A dermatomiosite juvenil é uma vasculopatia sistémica de natureza autoimune, caracterizada por inflamação crónica do músculo estriado e da pele. É apresentado o caso de um adolescente do sexo masculino com um quadro de mialgia e fraqueza muscular proximal dos membros superiores e inferiores com quatro meses de evolução, associado a exantema palpebral em heliotropo, eritema purpúrico no dorso das mãos, pápulas de Gottron com atingimento peri-ungueal, exantema eritematoso nas coxas e disfagia ligeira para sólidos. O estudo analítico revelou aumento das enzimas musculares e a eletromiografia evidenciou alterações sugestivas de miopatia grave em fase aguda. O doente iniciou metilprednisolona endovenosa em bólus, seguida de um esquema de prednisolona e metotrexato, com melhoria progressiva da disfagia, força muscular e alterações cutâneas. Com este caso clínico, os autores pretendem alertar para uma doença rara com diagnóstico essencialmente clínico, que se apresenta na maioria dos casos com manifestações características que devem ser reconhecidas.

Juvenile dermatomyositis is an autoimmune systemic vasculopathy, mainly characterized by chronic inflammation of the striated muscle and skin. The authors report the case of a 15-year-old boy presenting with a four-month history of myalgia and proximal muscle weakness on the upper and lower limbs. These symptoms were associated with heliotrope palpebral exanthema, erythema in the dorsum of the hands, Gottron’s papules, erythematous and petechial rash on the extensor face of the thighs, and mild dysphagia for solids. Blood tests revealed an increase in muscle enzymes and electromyography showed changes suggestive of severe acute myopathy. Intravenous methylprednisolone was initiated, followed by a combination regimen of prednisolone and methotrexate. Progressive dysphagia, cutaneous abnormality, and muscular strength improvement were noted. With this case, the authors intend to raise awareness of a rare disease with an essentially clinical diagnosis, presenting in most cases with characteristic manifestations that should be recognised.

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou o potencial odontogênico de células da polpa dental humana (HDPCs) em contato com scaffolds de quitosana contendo aluminato de cálcio (CHAlCa) associado ou não à baixas dosagens de sinvastatina (SV). Scaffolds de quitosana receberam uma suspensão de aluminato de cálcio e foram imersos em soluções contendo a droga. Foram estabelecidos três grupos experimentais: scaffolds de quitosana e aluminato de cálcio (CHAlCa - controle), scaffolds de quitosana-aluminato de cálcio com 0.5 µM SV (CHAlCa-SV0.5), e quitosana-aluminato de cálcio com 1.0 µM SV (CHAlCa-SV1.0). A morfologia e composição foram avaliados por MEV e EDS, respectivamente. Após 14 dias do cultivo das HDPCs sobre os scaffolds, foram avaliados a viabilidade celular, adesão e espalhamento, deposição de matriz mineralizada e expressão gênica de marcadores odontogênicos. Observou-se que as partículas de aluminato de cálcio foram incorporadas à matriz de quitosana, a qual exibiu poros regulares distribuídos por toda sua estrutura. As dosagens selecionadas de sinvastatina foram biocompatíveis com as HDPCs. A concentração de 1 µM de SV induziu intensa expressão de fenótipo odontoblástico pelas HDPCs, demonstrando aumento da deposição de matriz mineralizada e maior expressão de ALP, Col1A1 e DMP-1. Portanto, podemos concluir que a incorporação de aluminato de cálcio e sinvastatina em scaffolds de quitosana apresentou um efeito sinérgico nas HDPCs, favorecendo a diferenciação celular e deposição de matriz mineralizada.

Abstract The present study evaluated the odontogenic potential of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) exposed to chitosan scaffolds containing calcium aluminate (CHAlCa) associated or not with low doses of simvastatin (SV). Chitosan scaffolds received a suspension of calcium aluminate (AlCa) and were then immersed into solutions containing SV. The following groups were established: chitosan-calcium-aluminate scaffolds (CHAlCa - Control), chitosan calcium-aluminate with 0.5 µM SV (CHAlCa-SV0.5), and chitosan calcium-aluminate with 1.0 µM SV (CHAlCa-SV1.0). The morphology and composition of the scaffolds were evaluated by SEM and EDS, respectively. After 14 days of HDPCs culture on scaffolds, cell viability, adhesion and spread, mineralized matrix deposition as well as gene expression of odontogenic markers were assessed. Calcium aluminate particles were incorporated into the chitosan matrix, which exhibited regular pores homogeneously distributed throughout its structure. The selected SV dosages were biocompatible with HDPCs. Chitosan-calcium-aluminate scaffolds with 1 µM SV induced the odontoblastic phenotype in the HDPCs, which showed enhanced mineralized matrix deposition and up-regulated ALP, Col1A1, and DMP-1 expression. Therefore, one can conclude that the incorporation of calcium aluminate and simvastatin in chitosan scaffolds had a synergistic effect on HDPCs, favoring odontogenic cell differentiation and mineralized matrix deposition.

RESUMO O principal objectivo deste estudo consistiu em conhecer os motivos que levam as pessoas à prática e à não-prática de exercício físico. A amostra foi constituída por 185 indivíduos, 79 eram do sexo masculino e 106 do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 75 anos (M = 29.45; DP = 13.55). A motivação para a prática do exercício físico foi avaliada com base no questionário QMAD. Através do questionário IMAAD (Pereira & Vasconcelos-Raposo, 1997), foi possível avaliar a motivação para a não-prática de exercício físico. Os resultados evidenciaram que para os não-praticantes de exercício físico, o motivo mais importante para a prática é “fazer exercício”, já para os praticantes o factor mais relevante é “estar em boa condição física”. O motivo mais importante para não praticar entre os não-praticantes de exercício físico, foi “por preguiça”, seguido de “falta hábitos desportivos” quer para praticantes e não-praticantes de exercício físico.

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to know the reasons that lead people to the practice and non-practice of physical exercise. The sample consisted of 185 individuals, 79 were male and 106 female, aged between 12 and 75 years old (M = 29.45; SD = 13.55). Motivation to practice physical exercise was assessed based on the QMAD questionnaire. Through the IMAAD questionnaire (Pereira & Vasconcelos-Raposo, 1997), it was possible to determine the motivation for not practicing physical exercise. The results showed that for non-practitioners of physical exercise, the most important reason for practicing is to “exercise”. In contrast, for practitioners, the most relevant factor is “being in good physical condition”. For non-participants among non-practitioners of physical exercise, the most important motive was “out of laziness”, followed by “lack of sports habits” for both practitioners and non-practitioners of physical exercise.

RESUMO Objetivo: Alertar para a patogenicidade do Streptococcus anginosus que, apesar de raro em pediatria, pode causar infeções graves que necessitam de tratamento invasivo e antibioterapia de longo curso para obter um melhor prognóstico. Descrição do caso: Criança de seis anos, com atraso do desenvolvimento psicomotor, avaliado no serviço de urgência por febre e dificuldade respiratória. O exame físico, juntamente com os exames complementares, revelou uma pneumonia complicada com empiema no hemitórax esquerdo, tendo iniciado antibioterapia e sido submetido à drenagem do líquido pleural. Foi identificado Streptococcus anginosus nesse líquido. No 11º dia de doença, a criança agravou o seu estado clínico, com recidiva da febre, hipoxemia e dificuldade respiratória. Considerando-se o microrganismo identificado, o paciente foi submetido à decorticação pulmonar por videotoracoscopia, com boa evolução clínica posterior. Comentários: Streptococcus anginosus é uma bactéria comensal da cavidade oral humana, que pode causar infecções sistêmicas graves. Apesar de serem raros os casos descritos em pediatria, têm sido cada vez mais descritas infecções torácicas complicadas em adultos. Esse microrganismo também tem a capacidade de formar abcessos e empiemas, que precisam de intervenções terapêuticas diferentes, quando comparados a pneumonias complicadas causadas por outros agentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To highlight the pathogenicity of Streptococcus anginosus, which is rare in pediatric patients, but can cause severe infections that are known to have a better outcome when treated early with interventional procedures and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Case description: The patient is a 6-year-old boy with global developmental delay, examined in the emergency room due to fever and respiratory distress. The physical examination and diagnostic workout revealed complicated pneumonia with empyema of the left hemithorax; he started antibiotic therapy and underwent thoracic drainage. Pleural fluid cultures grew Streptococcus anginosus. On day 11, the child had a clinical deterioration with recurrence of fever, hypoxia, and respiratory distress. At this point, considering the causative agent, he was submitted to video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication, with good progress thereafter. Comments: Streptococcus anginosus is a commensal bacterium of the human oral cavity capable of causing severe systemic infections. Although reports of complicated thoracic infections with this agent are rare in the pediatric population, they have been increasing in adults. Streptococcus anginosus has a high capacity to form abscess and empyema, requiring different therapeutic approaches when compared to complicated pneumonia caused by other agents.

Introdução: A doença do soro é uma reação sistémica descrita após administração de soro heterólogo, caracterizada clinicamente por febre, lesões cutâneas, artralgias/artrite, linfadenopatia e nefrite, e laboratorialmente por presença de imunocomplexos. A doença do soro-like mimetiza a doença do soro, não estando a sua fisiopatologia bem estabelecida. É mais frequente em idade pediátrica e surge muitas vezes associada à administração de fármacos. Este estudo pretendeu caracterizar os casos de doença do soro-like avaliados numa consulta de alergia a fármacos. Material e métodos: Este foi um estudo analítico, retrospetivo e longitudinal de uma amostra de 39 crianças (56% do sexo masculino) com diagnóstico de doença do soro-like avaliadas em consulta de alergia a fármacos entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro 2017. Resultados: A idade média das crianças na altura da reação foi de 4,8 anos. Antibióticos beta-lactâmicos foram os fármacos suspeitos na maioria dos casos (97%). As manifestações clínicas surgiram, em média, 7,5 dias após o início do tratamento. Verificaram-se lesões cutâneas em todos os doentes e atingimento articular em 92,3%. Um total de 15% das crianças foram internadas. Foi efetuado doseamento de IgE específicas em 87% dos doentes, tendo sido positivo em apenas dois. Foram realizados testes cutâneos por picada e intradérmicos em 46% dos casos, com resultados positivos em sete. A prova de provocação oral foi realizada em 26% dos doentes, tendo sido positiva em três. Conclusão: A doença do soro-like é uma patologia rara e pouco estudada. O diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico, sendo necessário um elevado índice de suspeição. A utilidade dos exames complementares reside principalmente no diagnóstico diferencial com outras patologias.

Background: Serum sickness is a systemic reaction reported after administration of heterologous serum. It is clinically characterized by fever, skin lesions, arthralgia/arthritis, lymphadenopathy, and nephritis and by presence of immune complexes. Serum sickness-like reaction mimics serum sickness and its pathophysiology is not well understood. It is more common in pediatric age and often associated with drug administration. This study aimed to characterize serum sickness-like reaction cases evaluated at a Drug Allergy Clinic. Material and methods: An analytical, retrospective, longitudinal study of a sample of 39 children (56% male) with diagnosis of serum sickness-like reaction evaluated at a Drug Allergy Clinic between January 2007 and December 2017 was performed. Results: Children had an average of 4.8 years at the time of reaction. In most cases (97%), beta-lactam antibiotics were the suspected triggering drugs. On average, clinical manifestations developed 7.5 days after treatment start. Skin lesions developed in all patients, and arthralgia/arthritis in 92.3%. Fifteen percent of children were hospitalized. Penicillin-specific IgE was evaluated in 87% of patients, but only tested positive in two. Skin prick tests and intradermal tests were performed in 46% of cases and were positive in seven. Oral challenge test was performed in 26% of patients and was positive in three. Conclusion: Serum sickness-like reaction is a rare and poorly understood entity. Diagnosis is essentially clinical, requiring a high index of suspicion. In the acute phase, usefulness of complementary tests lies mainly in the differential diagnosis with other diseases.

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da vacinação contra o papiloma vírus humano (HPV) no género masculino, em idade pediátrica, na prevenção de patologia maligna ou pré-maligna associada a infeção por HPV. Fontes de dados: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, DARE, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines InfoBase e Guidelines Finder (National Electronic Library for Health - NHS britânico). Métodos de revisão: Pesquisa de artigos publicados entre 01/01/2006 e 01/09/2016, usando os termos MeSH Papillomavirus vaccines, male, child e adolescent. Foram incluídos indivíduos do género masculino em idade pediátrica com vacinação contra o HPV para prevenção de patologia oncológica ou pré-oncológica por HPV. Para atribuição do nível de evidência (NE) e a força de recomendação foi utilizada a escala Strengh of Recomendation Taxonomy, da American Academy of Family Physicians. Resultados: Nas três normas de orientação clínica encontradas existe uma força de recomendação A para a vacinação contra o HPV no género masculino em idade pediátrica. Dos 11 artigos incluídos, a maioria descreve que a vacinação contra o HPV no género masculino em idade pediátrica conduz à redução de incidência de infeção por HPV e lesões malignas e/ou pré-malignas. Conclusões: A vacinação contra o HPV é eficaz na prevenção de lesões pelo HPV, pelo que está recomendada no género masculino em idade pediátrica (força de recomendação A). A vacinação mista é mais eficaz do que a vacinação isolada do género feminino.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) in males in pediatric age, in the prevention of malignant or pre-malignant HPV-associated lesions. Data sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, DARE, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines InfoBase, Guidelines Finder (National Electronic Library for Health NHS England). Methods: Search of articles published between 01/01/2006 and 01/09/2019, using the MeSH terms ‘papillomavirus vaccines’, ‘male’, ‘children’, and ‘adolescent’. Male individuals of pediatric age, immunised against HPV for prevention of malignant and pre-malignant HPV-associated lesions were included. The level of evidence was graded according to The American Academy of Family Physicians’ Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy Scale (SORT). Results: In the three clinical guidelines included, male vaccination for HPV in males of pediatric age is recommended with strength of recommendation A. Of the 11 articles included, the majority considers that immunization against HPV in males of pediatric age reduces the incidence of HPV infection, and of malignant and pre-malignant lesions. Conclusion: Immunisation against HPV is effective in preventing HPV lesions and is therefore recommended in males in pediatric age (strength of recommendation A). The vaccination of individuals of both genders is more effective than female vaccination only.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento de um recobrimento de vidro bioativo sobre a zircônia (Zr) para modular o fenótipo de fibroblastos gengivais. Para este propósito, partículas de Biosilicato® (6 mg/mL) em um veículo a base de água/álcool isopropílico (1:1) foram aplicadas sobre discos de zircônia seguido por tratamento térmico a 1100 °C por 20 min. A topografia de superfície (MEV), composição química (EDX), rugosidade de supefície (Ra; microscopia confocal), energia livre de superfície (goniômetro) e alteração de cor (Espectrofotometria UV-vis) foram avaliadas (n=6). A seguir, fibroblastos L929 foram semeados sobre discos de Zr e BS+Zr e a proliferação (Alamar Blue; n=6), morfologia (MEV; n=2), migração celular (wound healing; n=4) e a síntese de colágeno (Sirius Red; n=6) foram avaliados até 7 dias. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA/Tukey (a=5%). Um recobrimento homogêneo consistindo de Si, Na, O e Ca foi detectado na superfície da Zr após o tratamento térmico com BS, o qual promoveu um aumento significante na rugosidade e energia livre de superfície (p<0,05). Nenhuma mudança nos parâmetros de cor foi observada (p>0,05). Células semeadas na superfície de Zr+BS apresentaram maior proliferação, expressão de colágeno e capacidade de migração em comparação com aquelas cultivadas sobre a superfície de Zr (p<0,05). Imagens de MEV revelaram que o espalhamento celular ocorreu mais rápido na presença de BS. Assim, conclui-se que o tratamento térmico da superfície da Zr com BS levou a deposição de um recobrimento bioativo, o qual induziu in vitro o espalhamento, proliferação e migração de fibroblastos gengivais e expressão de colágeno.

Abstract The objective of this study was the development of a bioactive glass coating on zirconia (Zr) to modulate the gingival fibroblast phenotype. For this purpose, Biosilicate® (BS) particles in a water/isopropyl alcohol (1:1) vehicle (6 mg/mL) were applied to zirconia discs followed by thermal treatment at 1100 °C for 20 min. The surface topography (SEM), chemical composition (EDX), surface roughness (Ra; confocal microscopy), surface free energy (goniometry), and color alteration (UV-vis spectrophotometry) were assessed (n=6). Thereafter, L929 fibroblasts were seeded onto Zr and Zr+BS discs, and cell proliferation (Alamar Blue; n=6), morphology (SEM; n=2), migration (wound healing; n=4), and collagen synthesis (Sirius Red; n=6) were evaluated up to 7 days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey tests (a=5%). A homogeneous coating consisting of Si, Na, O, and Ca was detected on the Zr surface after thermal treatment with BS, which led to a significant increase in surface roughness and free energy (p<0.05). No change in color parameters was observed (p>0.05). Cells seeded on the Zr+BS surface featured increased proliferation, collagen expression, and migration capability in comparison with those cultured on plain Zr (p<0.05). SEM images revealed that cell spreading occurred faster in the presence of BS. Therefore, it was concluded that thermal treatment of the Zr surface with BS led to the deposition of a bioactive coating, which induced gingival fibroblast spread, proliferation, migration, and collagen expression in vitro.

Abstract Objective This study was designed for the chemical activation of a 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel to increase its whitening effectiveness and reduce its toxicity. Methodology First, the bleaching gel - associated or not with ferrous sulfate (FS), manganese chloride (MC), peroxidase (PR), or catalase (CT) - was applied (3x 15 min) to enamel/dentin discs adapted to artificial pulp chambers. Then, odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells were exposed for 1 h to the extracts (culture medium + components released from the product), for the assessment of viability (MTT assay) and oxidative stress (H2DCFDA). Residual H2O2 and bleaching effectiveness (DE) were also evaluated. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA complemented with Tukey’s test (n=8. p<0.05). Results All chemically activated groups minimized MDPC-23 oxidative stress generation; however, significantly higher cell viability was detected for MC, PR, and CT than for plain 35% H2O2 gel. Nevertheless, FS, MC, PR, and CT reduced the amount of residual H2O2 and increased bleaching effectiveness. Conclusion Chemical activation of 35% H2O2 gel with MC, PR, and CT minimized residual H2O2 and pulp cell toxicity; but PR duplicated the whitening potential of the bleaching gel after a single 45-minute session.

Resumo Partindo de um conjunto de variáveis associadas ao sucesso/fracasso escolar, este estudo analisa como estas se combinam em perfis escolares diferenciados. Num design longitudinal,acompanharam-se 140alunos, do 7.º ao 9.º ano, recolhendo-se medidas repetidasde variáveis psicológicas, sociofamiliares e notas escolares. Naanálise de clusters identificaram-setrêsperfis escolares. O primeiro, denominado por perfil de fracasso não envolvido com a escola, corresponde ao grupo com baixas notas, cujas características pessoais e sociofamiliares dificultam a aprendizagem. O segundo grupo corresponde, igualmente, a um perfil de fracasso,apresentando, porém, características que amortecem esses efeitos negativos (perfil de fracasso escolar envolvido com a escola). O último grupo, perfil de sucesso escolar, integra alunos com boas notas, e cujascaracterísticas pessoais e sociofamiliares favorecem os seus bons resultados. Esses resultados enfatizam a necessidade de ir além da nota, contrariandoo peso que esta tem na definição do que é o sucesso/fracasso escolar.

Abstract Based on a set of variables associated with school success / failure, this study analyses how they combine in differentiated school profiles. In a longitudinal design, 140 pupils from 7th to 9th grade were accompanied by repeated measurements of psychological, social and family variables and school grades. In the cluster, analysis three school profiles were identified. The first, called failure profile not involved with school corresponds to the group with low grades, whose personal and socio-family characteristics make learning difficult. The second group also corresponds to a failure profile but has characteristics that cushion these negative effects (engaged school failure profile). The last group, school success profile, includes students with good grades, and whose personal and socio-family characteristics support their good results. These results emphasize the need to go beyond the grade; counteracting the importance it has in defining what is the school success / failure.

Resumen Partiéndose de un conjunto de variables asociadas al éxito/fracaso escolar, en este estudio se analiza cómo estas se combinan en perfiles escolares diferenciados. En un diseño longitudinal, se acompañó 140 alumnos, del 7.º al 9.º curso, recompilándose medidas repetidas de variables psicológicas, familiares y evaluaciones escolares. En el análisis de clusters se identificaron tres perfiles escolares. El primero, denominado por perfil de fracaso no involucrado con la escuela, corresponde al grupo con bajas evaluaciones, cuyas características personales y socio familiares dificultan el aprendizaje. El segundo grupo corresponde, igualmente, a un perfil de fracaso, presentando, sin embargo, características que amortiguan estos efectos negativos (perfil de fracaso escolar involucrado con la escuela). El último grupo, perfil de éxito escolar, integra alumnos con buenas evaluaciones, y cuyas características personales y familiares favorecen sus buenos resultados. Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de ir más allá de la evaluación, contrariando el peso que esta tiene en la definición de lo que es el éxito/fracaso escolar.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o protocolo de aplicação (convencional/ER e autocondicionante/SE) e o grau de umidade da dentina (úmida e seca) sobre a resistência de união à microtração (μTBS) e a citotoxicidade transdentinária do sistema adesivo ScotchbondTM Universal (SU). Os valores de μTBS e o modo de fratura foram registrados 24 h após aplicação do sistema adesivo e restauração com resina composta pela técnica incremental. Para avaliação da citotoxicidade transdentinária, células odontoblastóides MDPC-23 foram semeadas na face pulpar de discos de dentina (0,4 mm de espessura) adaptados a câmaras pulpares artificiais (n = 8). O sistema adesivo foi aplicado na superfície oclusal, seguido de incubação por 24 h. A viabilidade e morfologia celular foram avaliadas pelo teste de Alamar Blue e MEV, respectivamente. Adper Single Bond 2 e Clearfil SE Bond foram utilizados como controle positivo do protocolo de aplicação ER e SE, respectivamente. Nenhum tratamento foi realizado no grupo controle negativo (NC). Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de ANOVA e Tukey (α = 5%). Maiores valores de μTBS foram encontrados para o modo ER em comparação com o protocolo SE (p < 0,05). O grau de umidade da dentina não apresentou efeito na resistência de união do SU em ambos os protocolos ER e SE (p > 0.05). A maioria das fraturas envolveu a camada híbrida e / ou camada adesiva. Ambas as variáveis não preveniram o intenso efeito citotóxico dos sistemas adesivos sobre as células MDPC-23 em cultura, uma vez que redução intensa na viabilidade celular (± 88%) e alterações severas na morfologia celular foram observadas para todos os grupos quando comparados ao NC, sem diferenças entre eles (p > 0.05). Desta forma, foi concluído que a aplicação do SU seguindo o protocolo ER apresentou melhor performance adesiva. No entanto, esse sistema adesivo promoveu intensa citotoxicidade transdentinária sobre células pulpares, independente do protocolo de aplicação e grau de umidade dentinária.

Abstract This study evaluated application protocol (etch-and-rinse/ER and self-etching/SE) and dentin wettability (wet and dry) on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and transdentinal cytotoxicity of ScotchbondTM Universal (SU) adhesive system. The μTBS values and fracture mode were registered 24 h after adhesive system application and resin composite block build-up (n=5). For analysis of transdentinal cytotoxicity, odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells were seeded on pulpal surface of dentin discs (0.4 mm thick) adapted to artificial pulp chambers (n=8). The adhesive system was applied to occlusal surface, followed by 24-h incubation time. Cell viability (Alamar Blue) and morphology (SEM) were assessed. Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond were used as positive controls of the ER and SE application protocols, respectively. No treatment was performed on negative control (NC) group. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α=5%). Higher μTBS values were found for ER mode in comparison with SE protocol (p<0.05). Dentin wettability had no effect on bond strength of SU in both the ER and SE techniques (p>0.05). Most fractures involved hybrid layer and/or adhesive layer. Neither variable prevented the intense toxic effects of adhesive systems on MDPC-23 cultured cells, since intense reduction in cell viability (±88%) and severe alterations in cell morphology were observed for all groups compared to NC, with no differences among them (p>0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that application of SU following the ER protocol had better adhesive performance. However, this adhesive system featured intense transdentinal cytotoxicity to pulp cells, regardless of application protocol and dentin wettability.