Abstract Specific pathogenic mutations associated with breast cancer development can vary between ethnical groups. One example is BRCA1 c.5266dupC that was first described as a founder mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, but was later also found in other populations. In Brazil, this mutation corresponds to 20% of pathogenic BRCA1 variants reported. Our objective was to investigate the haplotype component of a group of Brazilian families who inherited c.5266dupC in the BRCA1 gene and to verify the ancestry contribution from European, African, and Amerindian origins. Fourteen probands carrying c.5266dupC and 16 relatives (carriers and non-carriers) were investigated. The same haplotype was observed segregating within all the families analyzed, revealing no recombinants in a region of 0.68 Mb. Ancestry analysis demonstrated that the European component was predominant among probands. The BRCA1 c.5266dupC analysis indicates that there was a founder effect in the Brazilian population.