This study investigated the chemical composition, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities, and histopathological analysis of mice tissues treated with methanolic extract from R. marina poison. Marinobufagin, telecinobufagin and bufalin were identified in the chemical profile. The biochemical results demonstrated an effect between doses in the period of 7 days, an immunomodulatory effect was observed regarding the production capacity of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 7 and 30 days, respectively. The lower dose suggests better bioactivity to the treated animal than the higher dose. Histopathological analyses of the lung, heart, kidney and liver showed tissue damage in all organs, mainly in the lung, and were proportional to the dose and the treatment period. We observed that the treatment modulated cytokine production, and therefore this effect may be related to the tissue damage observed. This study demonstrates a positive effect in the antioxidant and immune system, indicating that the molecules found in the extract have biotechnological potential.

Neste estudo foi investigada a atividade no controle in vitro de Fusarium proliferatum, a composição química e a atividade antioxidante de oito extratos etanólicos de própolis (EEP) produzidos no Brasil, seis da região norte do estado de Mato Grosso, (EEP-1 até EEP-4, EEP-6 e EEP-7); um do estado da Bahia, Brasil (EEP-5) e a própolis verde do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil (EEP-8). Foi avaliado o efeito dos EEP na percentagem de inibição do crescimento micelial (PIC) e na esporulação de macroconídios e microconídios de Fusarium proliferatum e comparado com o controle (etanol 70%). Os extratos EEP-4 até EEP-8 a 2% apresentaram PIC significativos em relação ao controle. O EEP-8 a 2% se destacou com o mais alto PIC de Fusarium proliferatum e o maior potencial antioxidante. De entre os EEP que apresentaram ação antifúngica significativa os EEP-8 e EEP-4 apresentaram os maiores teores de flavonoides totais e o EEP-6 destacou-se com os teores superiores de fenólicos totais. Todos os EEP investigados, exceto o EEP1, provocaram redução de mais de 70% na esporulação de macroconídios. Os EEP-4 e EEP-8 apresentaram predominância dos flavonóides quercitina e campferol e o EEP-6 do ácido cafeico. Estes compostos antioxidantes podem ter contribuído para a atividade antifúngica dos extratos.

In this study, we investigated the in vitro activity against Fusarium proliferatum, chemical characteristics, and antioxidant potential of eight propolis ethanolic extracts (PEE) from Brazil-six from the northern region of the state of Mato Grosso (PEE-1 to PEE-4, PEE-6, and PEE-7), one from the state of Bahia (PEE-5), and the green propolis from Minas Gerais state (PEE-8). The percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (PMGI), and macroconidia and microconidia sporulation of Fusarium proliferatum of these PEEs were evaluated and compared with that of the control (ethanol 70%). The 2% concentrations of PEE-4 to PEE-8 showed significant PMGI in relation to the control. PEE-8 at 2% stood out with the highest PMGI of Fusarium proliferatum and highest antioxidant potential. Among the PEEs that exhibited a significant antifungal action, PEE-8 and PEE-4 presented the highest total flavonoid content and PEE-6 stood out with the highest total phenolic content. Except PEE-1, all the extracts tested showed a reduction of more than 70% in the sporulation of macroconidia PEE-4 and PEE-8 presented predominance of quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids and PEE-6 of caffeic acid. Therefore, the presence of these antioxidant compounds may have contributed to the antifungal activity of these extracts.

This is the first chemical study of the antiradical potential of Smilax fluminensis Steud., Smilacaceae, leaves crude extract and fractions and the elucidation of two structurally isolated flavonoids. Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1-6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and quercetin-3-O-β-L-galactopyranoside were elucidated by spectrometric methods (1H and 13C NMR and mass).

Com o objetivo de elucidar e quantificar os efeitos do solvente sobre os deslocamentos químicos de 17O de três 5-triclorometilisoxazóis [(1a) não-, (1b) 3-metil- e (1c) 4-metil-substituído] foi realizada uma análise de regressão multilinear, utilizando os parâmetros solvatocrômicos de Kamlet-Abboud-Taft (KAT). Os deslocamentos químicos do átomo de oxigênio do anel, O1, dos compostos 1a-c mostraram dependências (em ppm) em função da polaridade-polarizabilidade do solvente de -4.8pi*, -3.2pi*, -8.9pi*, em função da acidez do solvente (HBD) de 0.9alfa, -0.2alfa, -2.7alfa e em função da basicidade do solvente (HBA) de -0.4beta, 1.9beta, 0.9beta, respectivamente. Os dados de carga líquida de O1 e de momento de dipolo, obtidos por cálculos de orbitais moleculares (AM1), são comparados com os parâmetros de efeitos do solvente determinados para os compostos 1a-c.

A multilinear-regression analysis using the Kamlet-Abboud-Taft (KAT) solvatochromic parameters in order to elucidate and quantify the solvent effects on the 17O chemical shifts of three 5-trichloromethylisoxazoles [(1a) non-, (1b) 3-methyl- and (1c) 4-methyl-substituted] is reported. The chemical shifts of ring oxygen atom, O1, of compounds 1a-c show dependencies (in ppm) on the solvent polarity-polarizability of -4.8pi*, -3.2pi*, -8.9pi*, on the solvent hydrogen-bond-donor (HBD) acidities 0.9alpha, -0.2alpha, -2.7alpha and the solvent hydrogen-bond-acceptor (HBA) basicities -0.4beta, 1.9beta, 0.9beta, respectively. The data of net charges of O1 and dipole moment, obtained from MO calculations (AM1), are compared with the solvent effect parameters obtained for compounds 1a-c.