Aim To verify the validity of maternal reports on the number of deciduous teeth erupted in their children. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed with children enrolled in a Birth Cohort at the age of 12 months in the first stage and 24 months in the second stage. At both stages, children were clinically examined, and mothers reported the number of teeth of their children. Comparison between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney non-paired Wilcoxon test. Level of agreement between two methods were estimated by the Observed Agreement, Weighted Kappa and Intraclass Correlation coefficients. Results A total of 125 children were examined in the first stage, with mean number of reported teeth of 6.2. In the second stage, 149 children were examined, with mean number of reported teeth of 15.9. High level of agreement, kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficients were observed for both arches in both periods (p<0.001). Conclusions Maternal report on the number of teeth erupted in children was reliable and valid. Thus, it seems to be a useful instrument for collecting data in population-based epidemiological studies targeting young children.

Abstract: This study aimed to verify, through a longitudinal follow-up, the pre-, peri- and postnatal factors associated with the eruption of deciduous teeth. The study was nested in a Birth Cohort Study conducted in Pelotas, a Southern Brazilian city. Mothers were followed prenatally and their children were followed-up perinatally, at 3 and 12 months of age. The outcome was the number of teeth at 12 months, and exploratory variables included maternal habits and characteristics, anthropometric measures of children and mothers, and socioeconomic and demographic information. Data were collected through interviews with the mother and children’s clinical exam. Poisson regression models were used for the analysis. Participants included 4,014 children with a mean number of erupted teeth at 12 months of 5.50. After adjustments, a lower mean number of teeth was observed in children from non-white mothers, early preterm children, and shorter children at birth and at 12 months. A higher number of teeth was observed for mothers with excessive weight gain during pregnancy, mothers who smoked during pregnancy, weightier children at birth and at 12 months, and for children with larger heads at birth and at 12 months. Our findings suggest that maternal and children characteristics influenced primary tooth eruption.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é revisar sistematicamente a literatura afim de estimar a prevalência global de xerostomia/hiposalivação em estudos epidemiológicos. Uma busca eletrônica foi conduzida até Fevereiro de 2018 sem restrições de linguagem. Um total de 5760 títulos foram inicialmente identificados e somente vinte e nove artigos foram incluídos na revisão e meta-análise após dois revisores independentes aplicarem os critérios de seleção. Os artigos foram extraídos das bases de dados PubMed/Medline e Web of Science. Os critérios de elegibilidade incluíram investigações originais de estudos observacionais de base populacional os quais reportaram a prevalência de xerostomia ou dados que permitissem o cálculo da prevalência de xerostomia e/ou hiposalivação. Estudos realizados em populações com condições de saúde específicas, revisões de literatura, relato de casos e estudos antropológicos, assim como, conferências ou comentários foram excluídos. Tamanho amostral, localização geográfica aonde foi realizado o estudo, desenho do estudo, idade da população estudada, métodos de diagnóstico e o critério de avaliação para determiner xerostomia e/ou hiposalivação foram extraídos para a meta-análise e metaregressão. Análise de meta-regressão multípla foi realizada para explorar a heterogeneidade entre os estudos. A prevalência global estimada de boca seca foi de 22.0% (95%IC 17.0-26.0%). Uma maior prevalência de xerostomia foi observada em estudos realizados exclusivamente em populações idosas. Apesar de diferentes abordagens utilizadas para mensurar as condições de interesse, cerca de uma em quatro pessoas é acometida por xerostomia, com taxas mais elevadas sendo observadas na população idosa. Além disso, os métodos de mensuração podem ter super- ou subestimado os valores de xerostomia. Os achados do presente estudo salientam a necessidade de mais estudos acerca das existentes e novas formas de avaliação clínica, os quais serão úteis para determinar qual é a mais confiável para as perspectivas clínicas e epidemiológicas.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to systematically review the literature to estimate the overall prevalence of xerostomia/hyposalivation in epidemiological studies. An electronic search was carried out up to February 2018 with no language restrictions. A total of 5760 titles were screened and just twenty-nine papers were included in review and the meta-analysis after a two independently reviewers applied the selection criteria. Data were extracted from PubMed and Web of Science databases. Eligibility criteria included original investigations from observational population-based studies that reported the prevalence of xerostomia or data that allowed the calculation of prevalence of xerostomia and/or hyposalivation. Studies conducted in samples with specific health conditions, literature reviews, case reports and anthropological studies, as conferences or comments were excluded. Sample size, geographic location of the study, study design, age of the studied population, diagnosis methods, and evaluation criteria used to determine xerostomia e/or hyposalivation were extracted for meta-analysis and meta-regression. Multivariate meta-regression analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity among studies. The overall estimated prevalence of dry mouth was 22.0% (95%CI 17.0-26.0%). Higher prevalence of xerostomia was observed in studies conducted only with elderly people. Despite diverse approaches to the condition’s measurement, just over one in four people suffer from xerostomia, with higher rates observed among older people. Moreover, the measurement methods used currently may over- or underestimate xerostomia. These findings highlight the need for further work on existing and new clinical measure and will be useful to determine which one is more reliable in clinical and epidemiological perspectives.

Resumo Este estudo transversal avaliou a prevalência do medo odontológico e fatores associados em escolares de 8 a 12 anos de idade, na cidade de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Alunos matriculados em 20 escolas públicas e privadas foram selecionados através de um delineamento de conglomerado em duplo estágio. As características sociodemográficas, a experiência odontológica da criança e os hábitos de higiene bucal foram avaliados por meio de questionários. O medo odontológico da criança foi avaliado através da Dental Anxiety Question. Examinadores calibrados avaliaram a presença de cárie dentária (CPOD) e o índice de sangramento gengival. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta (razão de prevalência; 95% intervalo de confiança). No total, 1202 crianças foram incluídas. A prevalência medo odontológico foi de 24,6%. Após o ajuste, as meninas [RP=1,71 (IC 95%: 1,31-2,22)], as crianças de famílias mais pobres [RP=1,96 (IC 95%: 1,36-2,83)], com lesões de cárie (D/d index>0) [RP=1,32 (IC 95%: 1,01-1,72) e as que nunca tinham ido ao dentista [RP=1,85 (IC 95%: 1,42-2,41) permaneceram significativamente associadas ao medo dental. A prevalência de medo odontológico encontrada indica que este é um problema comum em escolares. O atendimento odontológico precoce e a prevenção de cárie são fatores importantes para evitar o medo.

Abstract This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of dental fear and associated factors in schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years old, in Pelotas, southern Brazil. Schoolchildren enrolled in 20 public and private schools were selected using a multi-stage sample design. Sociodemographic characteristics, children’s dental visit and oral hygiene habits were assessed by questionnaires. The Dental Anxiety Question was used to measure dental fear prevalence. Children’s clinical examination evaluated presence of dental caries (DMFT/dmft index) and gingival bleeding. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence interval). One thousand two hundred and two children were included. Dental fear prevalence was 24.6%. After the adjustment, girls [PR=1.71 (CI 95%: 1.31-2.22)], children from poorer families [PR=1.96 (CI 95%: 1.36-2.83)], those who had decayed teeth (D/d index>0)[PR=1.32 (CI 95%: 1.01-1.72), and who had never been at the dentist [PR=1.85 (CI 95%: 1.42-2.41) remained significantly associated with dental fear. The prevalence of dental fear indicates that it is a common problem among schoolchildren. Early dental care and dental caries prevention are important factors to prevent dental fear.

<p>O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar na literatura estudos que abordem formas de realização de promoção de saúde e prevenção de doenças bucais para pacientes com deficiência visual. Foi realizada revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados <italic>PubMed Central</italic>, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Scopus, sem limite de data de publicação. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos nas línguas inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola, com algum tipo de intervenção de promoção de saúde bucal voltada para deficientes visuais totais ou parciais. Os artigos foram selecionados e os dados extraídos pelos autores. A busca resultou em 688 artigos dos sites <italic>PubMed,</italic>BVS e <italic>Scopus</italic>. Foram eliminados 303 artigos repetidos e, dentre os demais, selecionados nove que abordavam o tema desta revisão. As datas de publicação dos estudos variaram de 1991 a 2013. O total de deficientes visuais participantes destes estudos foi de 431 com idades entre seis e 49 anos. Todas as intervenções educativas foram efetivas e realizadas por odontólogos. A orientação verbal foi o recurso educativo mais utilizado Os resultados encontrados nos estudos deixam clara a necessidade e importância da implantação de estratégias de educação em saúde bucal para essa população. Programas de orientação de higiene bucal envolvendo recursos adaptados e comunicação verbal são efetivos no estabelecimento de uma rotina de higiene adequada, agregando conhecimento aos pacientes e seus familiares e resultando em melhora nos índices de saúde bucal.</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to review the literature about oral health promotion and oral disease prevention for patients with visual impairment. A systematic literature review was conducted using <italic>PubMed Central</italic>, BVS (Virtual Health Library) and Scopus without restriction for publication date. Clinical trials in English, Portuguese and Spanish that presented any oral health promotion intervention targeting people with visual impairments were included. The articles were selected and data extracted by author. The search resulted in 688 articles from the PubMed, BVS and Scopus websites. Three hundred and three repeated items were eliminated and, among the others, 9 that addressed the topic of this review were selected. The publication dates of the studies ranged from 1991 to 2013. The total number of visually impaired participants of these studies was 431, aged 6 to 49 years. All educational interventions were effective and performed by dentists. The verbal guidance was the most used educational resource. The results demonstrated the need and importance of implementing strategies for oral health education for this population. Oral hygiene orientation programs involving tailored resources and verbal communication are effective in establishing a routine for proper hygiene, providing knowledge to patients and their families, with improvement in oral health indices.</p>

Introdução A doença cárie e as alterações periodontais são problemas frequentemente encontrados em pacientes com deficiência. Objetivo Avaliar as condições periodontais e de higiene bucal em escolares com deficiência neuropsicomotora matriculados em um centro de reabilitação. Método A pesquisa envolveu entrevista com os responsáveis e exame clínico do escolar, para registro do índice de placa e do índice de sangramento. Após o exame, foi realizada profilaxia profissional, orientação de higiene bucal e esclarecimento de dúvidas. Os dados foram observados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultado A amostra foi constituída por 41 escolares com deficiência neuropsicomotora, com idades entre sete e 14 anos, sendo 20 do sexo feminino (48,8%) e 21 do sexo masculino (51,2%), e com idade média de 10,8 anos. A maioria dos pacientes tinha a figura da mãe como principal cuidador (85%). Observou-se que 71% dos escolares necessitavam de ajuda para realizar a higiene bucal e quase 40% dos cuidadores apresentavam dificuldade para realizá-la, principalmente pelo fato de o paciente “não abrir a boca”. Quase a totalidade dos escolares não usava fio dental. Constatou-se, ainda, que 87,2% apresentaram sangramento gengival à sondagem e que, em 84,7%, verificou-se índice de placa maior ou igual a ‘2’. Conclusão Concluiu-se que os escolares com deficiência neuropsicomotora incluídos neste estudo apresentaram condições periodontais e de higiene bucal insatisfatórias, demonstrando a necessidade de serem instituídas ações preventivas focadas na orientação aos pacientes e cuidadores, para a efetividade da higiene bucal.

Introduction Caries and periodontal disease are problems frequently affecting patients with disabilities. Objective In this study we aim to evaluate the periodontal conditions and the oral hygiene in students with neuropsychomotor disorders enrolled in a rehabilitation center. Method Data collect was based in interview with the responsible and the scholar's clinical exam to register the plaque index and the bleeding index. After the clinical exam were performed professional prophylaxis, oral hygiene orientation and explanation of doubts. Result The sample consisted of 41 students with neuropsychomotor disabilities, with ages among 7 and 14 years, 20 females (48.8%) and 21 males (51.2%) with a mean age of 10.8 years. Most patients had the figure of the mother as primary caregiver (85%). It was observed that 71% of students need help in performing oral hygiene and nearly 40% of caregivers had difficulty doing it, in most of the cases because the patient "did not open his mouth". Almost the totality of the students doesn't use dental floss. It was also found that 87.2% had gingival bleeding and 84.7% had the plaque index greater or equal to 2. Conclusion It was concluded that disabled students included in this study had bad periodontal conditions and poor oral hygiene. It shows the need of preventive programs to guide themselves and the caregivers, seeking for effectiveness of oral hygiene.