Abstract Objectives: The authors aimed to evaluate clinical and histological changes induced by Fractional Radiofrequency (FRF) and microneedling in vulvar tissue. Methods: Thirty postmenopausal women were randomly divided into G1 (FRF) and G2 (microneedling) groups. Sub-ablative FRF was executed using disposable fractionated electrodes with an intensity of 8 mJ. Microneedling was performed using a derma roller system. The authors evaluated before and after treatment using the Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire (VLQ), EuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and the Blatt and Kupperman Menopausal Index (BKMI). Additionally, the authors performed biopsies of the labia majora for histological analysis pre- and post-treatment. Data were expressed as mean (± standard deviation). A paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison (pre- and post-treatment), with an independent t-test used to compare intergroup data (both pre- and post-treatment). Results: In the G1 group, the VLQ values showed differences compared to the pre-treatment values with the data obtained 60 days after the beginning of the sessions (p = 0.01). Similarly, the data changes of the G2 group proved to be significant (p = 0.001) across the same time interval. In comparing the groups, VLQ values were not different (p > 0.05). Regarding histological analysis, FRF demonstrated improvement concerning the number of fibroblasts, blood vessels, and fatty degeneration (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Additionally, FRF and microneedling samples showed higher type III collagen and vimentin expression in the immunohistochemical analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The therapies were found to be effective in treating the flaccidity of the female external genitalia. Additionally, histological changes were observed after interventions suggesting collagen remodeling.

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Abstract Purpose To collect data capable of pointing out the effects of the ultracavitation treatment on the liver of rabbits after adipose tissue application, by means of histological analyses of the liver and hematological and biochemical exams. Methods This is an experimental study with 12 albino rabbits as sample, which were divided into 3 groups and submitted to a hypercaloric diet for one month. Subsequently, subjects underwent UCV treatment: 3 minutes, 30 W, continuous mode at 100%, every 2 ERAS = 441.02 J/cm2, intensity of 10w/cm2. They were then euthanized and underwent biopsy after 24 hours. Results After 48 hours from the ultracavitation treatment, the animals’ livers presented greater amount of fat infiltration if compared to the amount presented 96 hours after the treatment. However, laboratory tests showed no alterations. Values were maintained within normal parameters of cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Conclusions This study has identified that infiltrates may appear on livers after the treatment, despite high hematological and biochemical tests results. The fat infiltrates reduction 96 h after treatment suggests lower risks to animal health, if the period between applications is respected.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho é pesquisar sobre a experiência dos fisioterapeutas formados em MEP Sport, conhecer a quantidade de aplicações realizadas semanalmente, os efeitos adversos que tenham sido apresentados e o nível de satisfação dos terapeutas com seus pacientes. Realizou-se uma enquete de perguntas mistas que avaliam a opinião e experiência de profissionais certificados em MEP Sport. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da plataforma virtual SurveyMonkey, enviando por correio eletrônico um convite a 1.096 fisioterapeutas da América Latina. Responderam 315 profissionais, destes, 165 (56,51%) atendem de um a cinco pacientes por semana. As respostas sobre efeitos adversos foram: nunca tive complicações (56,79% - 159 respostas); choque hipotensivo (19,64% - 55 respostas.); alergia ao metal (5,36% - 15 respostas). Os locais/patologias em que mais se aplicam MEP são: T. rotuliano (10,77% - 198 respostas.); T. Aquiles (9,58% - 176 respostas.); T. supraespinhoso (9,36% - 172 respostas.); fascite plantar/esporão calcâneo (8,05% - 148 respostas.); e pontos gatilhos (7,18% - 132 respostas.). A satisfação dos profissionais foi: satisfeito (51,87%, 152 respostas.) e muito satisfeito (40,96%, 120 respostas). As respostas dos pacientes foram: satisfeito (61,90%, 182 respostas.) e muito satisfeito (29,93%, 88 respostas). A técnica MEP é aplicada principalmente em tendinopatías e produz resultados satisfatórios e muito satisfatórios tanto para os pacientes quanto para os terapeutas, com baixa presença de efeitos adversos.

ABSTRACT This work aims to recollect information about the experience of physical therapists trained in MEP Sport, to know how many treatments they did per week, the adverse effects that might have appeared and the patients and therapists’ satisfaction. A mixed multiple choice survey with the option of choosing one or more alternatives to assess the opinion and experience of physical therapists trained in MEP Sport was carried out. SurveyMonkey was used for data collection. The invitations were sent by email to 1.096 physical therapists of Latin America. The survey was answered by 315 professionals, of whom 165 (56,51%) treat 1 to 5 patients per week. The answers about adverse effects were: I’ve never had adverse effects: 159 answers (56,79%), Hypotensive shock: 55 answers (19,64%), Allergy to metal 15 answers (5,36%). The most common areas/conditions where the MEP is applied are: Patellar tendon (10,77% - 198 answ.), Achilles tendon, (9,58% - 176 answ.), Supraspinatus tendon (9,36% - 172 answ.), Plantar fasciitis/Calcaneal spurs (8,05% - 148 answ.), Trigger points (7,18% - 132 answ.). The professionals’ satisfaction was: Satisfied (51,87%, 152 answ.) and Very Satisfied (40,96%, 120 answ.). Patients’ satisfaction was: Satisfied (61,90%, 182 answ.) and Very satisfied (29,93%, 88 answ.). MEP is applied mainly in tendinopathies and produces satisfactory and very satisfactory results, both for patients and professionals, with low incidence of adverse effects.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar la experiencia de los fisioterapeutas formados en microeletrólisis percutánea sport y conocer la cantidad de aplicaciones realizadas semanalmente, los efectos adversos presentados y el nivel de satisfacción de los terapeutas con sus pacientes. Se realizó una encuesta que evaluó la opinión y la experiencia de profesionales certificados en microelectrolisis percutánea sport. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de la plataforma virtual SurveyMonkey, enviando por correo electrónico una invitación a 1.096 fisioterapeutas de América Latina. Respondieron el cuestionario 315 profesionales, entre los cuales 165 (56,51%) atienden de uno a cinco pacientes por semana. Las respuestas sobre efectos adversos fueron: nunca he tenido complicaciones (56,79% - 159 respuestas); choque hipotensivo (19,64% - 55 respuestas.); alergia al metal (5,36% - 15 respuestas). Los sitios/patologías a que más se aplican la microelectrolisis percutánea sport son: tendón rotuliano (10,77% - 198 respuestas.); tendón de aquiles (9,58% - 176 respuestas); tendón supraespino (9,36% - 172 respuestas.); fascitis plantar/espolón calcáneo (8,05% - 148 respuestas.); y puntos-gatillo (7,18% - 132 respuestas.). La satisfacción de los profesionales fue: satisfecho (51,87% - 152 respuestas) y muy satisfecho (40,96% - 120 respuestas). Las respuestas de los pacientes fueron: satisfecho (61,90% - 182 respuestas) y muy satisfecho (29,93% - 88 respuestas). La técnica MEP se aplica principalmente en tendinopatías y produce resultados satisfactorios y muy satisfactorios tanto para los pacientes como para los terapeutas, con baja presencia de efectos adversos.

Objetivo : Analisar a relevância da mensuração objetiva de rítides nasogenianas de mulheres em diferentes faixas etárias, utilizando-se osoftware radiocef 2.0® como ferramenta complementar na avaliação do cronoenvelhecimento facial. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo envolvendo 100 voluntárias do sexo feminino, com idade entre 20 e 70 anos, dispostas em cinco grupos de 20 voluntárias de acordo com a faixa etária. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Protocolo de Avaliação Facial, o cefalostato para padronização das fotos, câmera digital e o software radiocef 2.0®. Foi aplicado o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov para a confirmação da normalidade e todos os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, usando o teste ANOVA e post hoc de Tukey. Foi realizado o teste Qui-quadrado e a correlação de Pearson. Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5% (p≤0,05). Resultados : Foi observado que todas as faixas etárias apresentaram rugas na localização do sulco nasogeniano. Observou-se também uma associação entre a idade e as escalas de Goglau e Lapiere e Pierard. Essa incidência surgiu progressivamente com o aumento da faixa etária. Foi verificada correlação moderada (r=0,67) entre a idade e a distância do sulco nasogeniano, enquanto o seu ângulo diminui com correlação fraca (r=0,3), sendo mais significativa a faixa etária que obteve a menor distância e o maior ângulo. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou relevância do software radiocef 2.0®. para a análise mais detalhada do sulco nasogeniano, surgindo assim como uma complementação da avaliação, podendo se tornar um protocolo de investigação para identificar a eficácia dos tratamentos realizados, otimizando o método avaliativo.

Objective : To evaluate the facial aging of women of different ages using a software program to assist in the classification of wrinkles and sagging in the nasogenian region. Method : A descriptive observational study of 100 female volunteers was performed. The women were aged between 20 and 70 years old and were sorted by age group into five groups of 20 volunteers each. The instruments used were the Facial Assessment Protocol, a cephalostat for the standardization of photos, a 14.1 megapixel Sony digital camera, and the Radiocef 2.0® software program. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used for confirmation of normality and all data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis. The Chi-squared and Pearson's correlation tests were also performed. A significance level of 5% and a p value of ≤0.05 were adopted. Results : It was observed that all age groups had wrinkles in the nasolabial fold region. There was an association between age and the Goglau, Lapiere and Pierard scale. This incidence increased progressively with aging. A moderate correlation (r=0.67) was observed between age and distance from the nasolabial folds, while angle represented only a weak correlation (r=0.3), with the most significant age group that with the shortest distance and the widest angle. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated the importance of the Radiocef 2.0® software program in providing a more detailed analysis of the nasolabial folds. It is therefore a complementary assessment to the Facial Assessment Protocol, representing a research protocol for identifying the effectiveness of treatments and improving the evaluative procedure.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor cervical é ocasionada na maioria das vezes por alterações mecânicos-posturais. Dentre diferentes técnicas terapêuticas realizadas por fisioterapeutas a quiropraxia têm se tornado comum no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever na literatura, com fontes secundárias e terciárias, utilizando-se as bases de dados Pubmed/Medline e PEdro. CONTEÚDO: Foram encontrados apenas 6 ensaios clínicos controlados e aleatórios, investigando os efeitos da quiropraxia na dor cervical. Na maioria dos estudos as técnicas de manipulação promoveram o alívio de dor de maneira mais rápida e mais prolongada nos pacientes. A dor foi avaliada por meio do Índice Funcional de Oswestry, do Questionário de Dor McGill e da Escala Analógica Visual da Dor. CONCLUSÃO: É necessária a realização de maior número de ensaios clínicos controlados e aleatórios envolvendo a quiropraxia, bem como a utilização de métodos de avaliação mais fidedignos, a fim de comprovar os seus reais efeitos no tratamento da cervicalgia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cervical pain is mostly caused by mechanical-postural changes. Among different therapeutic techniques used by physical therapists, chiropractic care is becoming common in Brazil. This study aimed at reviewing the literature, with secondary and tertiary sources, using Pubmed, Medline and PEdro databases. CONTENTS: Just 6 controlled randomized clinical trials investigating the effects of chiropractic care on cervical pain were found. In most studies, manipulation techniques have promoted pain relief in a faster and more prolonged way and pain was evaluated by Oswestry's Functional Index, by McGill Pain Questionnaire and by Pain Visual Analog Scale. CONCLUSION: A larger number of controlled randomized clinical trials involving chiropractic care is needed, as well as the use of more dependable evaluation methods, to prove its real effects in the treatment of cervical pain.