Abstract The research aimed to evaluate the behavior of different concentrations of lutein added in sheep milk yogurt. The work verified the effect on acidity, pH, color, lutein degradation, and recovery during storage. Different added lutein concentration into yogurt were compared: 0.00 mg; 3.0 mg; 3.45 mg; and 3.9 mg (·100 mL-1). Analyzes were performed on days 1st, 15th, 30th, and 45th of refrigerated storage (5 °C). Lutein did not influence fermentation patters, but post acidification was observed, mainly in groups with the highest lutein concentrations. The amount of lutein recovered was different between groups (P < 0.05) due to treatment. Some differences (P < 0.05) in the same treatment occurred over time, tending to decrease lutein recovery. For all treatments, up to the end of storage, the final amount of lutein characterized the product as a nutritional source of this element. However, lutein recovery in G4 has reached the minimum daily intake recommended by researchers for health benefits. Recovery ranged from 81.9 ± 0.76·100-1 (w·w-1) to 76.31 ± 1.07·100-1 (w·w-1) on the storage period. L* has no difference (P > 0.05) between groups with different added lutein concentrations. In contrast, a*, b*, c*, and YI (yellowness index) were different (P < 0.05).

Resumo Um dos maiores problemas atuais da população é a deficiência de nutrientes. Estudos indicam que consumidores consideram o preço dos alimentos mais relevante do que os valores nutricionais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou comparar o custo dos nutrientes de alimentos típicos da dieta brasileira, realizando coletas de preços em mercados virtuais e calculando o custo para se atingir 30% das necessidades diárias de um adulto saudável para oito nutrientes. A carne de frango foi a fonte mais barata de proteína. A fibra de cereal teve o menor custo para fibra e ferro. As fontes mais baratas de cálcio foram o Ovomaltine e os lácteos, e o fígado bovino foi o alimento melhor ranqueado para vitamina A. A vitamina C foi o nutriente mais barato na dieta brasileira, e o suco de acerola a fonte mais barata deste nutriente. Os lácteos ocuparam as seis primeiras posições no “ranking” da vitamina D, e nozes e sementes apresentaram o menor custo para vitamina E. Os resultados mostraram que os consumidores brasileiros podem alcançar a ingestão recomendada de nutrientes considerados críticos a um baixo custo por meio da aquisição dos alimentos melhor ranqueados. No entanto, esse ranqueamento deve ser ponderado em função da qualidade do alimento, conforme preconiza o Novo Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira.

Abstract Nutrient deficiency is one of the major problems of the human population today. Studies indicate that consumers consider that the price of food is more relevant than its nutritional value. Therefore, this work sought to compare the costs of nutrients provided by typical foods found in the Brazilian diet. Food prices available in virtual markets were collected, and the costs to meet 30% of the daily recommendations for a healthy adult were calculated for eight nutrients. Poultry was found to be the cheapest source of protein. Cereal fiber had the lowest cost for both fiber and iron. The cheapest sources of calcium were Ovaltine and dairy products, whereas cow`s liver was the best ranked food for vitamin A. Vitamin C was found to be the cheapest nutrient in the Brazilian diet, with acerola juice being the cheapest source of this nutrient. Dairy products occupied the first six positions in the ranking of vitamin D, while nuts and seeds were the cheapest sources of vitamin E. The results showed that Brazilian consumers can meet the recommended intake of critical nutrients at a low cost through the purchase of the best ranked foods. However, this ranking should be weighted according to the food quality, as recommended in the New Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

Resumo Um dos maiores problemas atuais da população é a deficiência de nutrientes. Estudos indicam que consumidores consideram o preço dos alimentos mais relevante do que os valores nutricionais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou comparar o custo dos nutrientes de alimentos típicos da dieta brasileira, realizando coletas de preços em mercados virtuais e calculando o custo para se atingir 30% das necessidades diárias de um adulto saudável para oito nutrientes. A carne de frango foi a fonte mais barata de proteína. A fibra de cereal teve o menor custo para fibra e ferro. As fontes mais baratas de cálcio foram o Ovomaltine e os lácteos, e o fígado bovino foi o alimento melhor ranqueado para vitamina A. A vitamina C foi o nutriente mais barato na dieta brasileira, e o suco de acerola a fonte mais barata deste nutriente. Os lácteos ocuparam as seis primeiras posições no “ranking” da vitamina D, e nozes e sementes apresentaram o menor custo para vitamina E. Os resultados mostraram que os consumidores brasileiros podem alcançar a ingestão recomendada de nutrientes considerados críticos a um baixo custo por meio da aquisição dos alimentos melhor ranqueados. No entanto, esse ranqueamento deve ser ponderado em função da qualidade do alimento, conforme preconiza o Novo Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira.

Abstract Nutrient deficiency is one of the major problems of the human population today. Studies indicate that consumers consider that the price of food is more relevant than its nutritional value. Therefore, this work sought to compare the costs of nutrients provided by typical foods found in the Brazilian diet. Food prices available in virtual markets were collected, and the costs to meet 30% of the daily recommendations for a healthy adult were calculated for eight nutrients. Poultry was found to be the cheapest source of protein. Cereal fiber had the lowest cost for both fiber and iron. The cheapest sources of calcium were Ovaltine and dairy products, whereas cow`s liver was the best ranked food for vitamin A. Vitamin C was found to be the cheapest nutrient in the Brazilian diet, with acerola juice being the cheapest source of this nutrient. Dairy products occupied the first six positions in the ranking of vitamin D, while nuts and seeds were the cheapest sources of vitamin E. The results showed that Brazilian consumers can meet the recommended intake of critical nutrients at a low cost through the purchase of the best ranked foods. However, this ranking should be weighted according to the food quality, as recommended in the New Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

Abstract An analysis of nine sweetened condensed milk brands allowed for the identification of statistically significant difference in moisture, water activity (aw), soluble solids, percentage of protein, lactose crystals size, viscosity and in sensorial attributes of texture, characteristic flavor and flour texture. Relevant correlations between the composition and sensorial attributes were determined. Eighty percent of the samples presented of yeast from <0.6 logCFU.g-1 to 4.7 logCFU.g-1 and seventy percent presented of coagulase-negative staphylococcus from <3.1 log CFU.g-1 to 5.7 log CFU.g-1. These results attest the demand for more controls and investments to provide the market with a safe and standardized product.

RESUMO Produzido e comercializado na América Latina, o doce de leite é muito apreciado por seus consumidores, com grande importância para o mercado brasileiro. A padronização das características desse produto, assim como sua adequação ao que é preconizado pelo Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade, é dificultada pela grande diversidade cultural e variações tecnológicas da sua produção. Por essa razão, o estudo das características físico-químicas e reológicas do doce de leite torna-se de grande importância para se alcançar uniformidade, principalmente pela escassez de literatura técnica e científica sobre este produto. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar e relacionar os atributos físico-químicos e de textura. Foram analisadas doze marcas de doce de leite quanto aos teores de umidade, atividade de água e análise de textura, com posterior análise estatística dos dados. A análise estatística descritiva para os atributos de textura mostrou elevada variação entre as amostras. Quanto ao teor de umidade, 51,11% das amostras tiveram resultados em desacordo com os padrões legais vigentes. As análises realizadas apresentaram resultados de HMF livre e total elevados. Pela Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), verificou-se que a principal fonte de variação e de contribuição para agrupamento das marcas avaliadas está relacionada com os elementos que compõem as características reológicas do produto. Os resultados mostraram elevada correlação entre atividade de água, umidade e atributos reológicos. A combinação dos atributos físico-químicos e reológicos mostra-se útil para caracterização e avaliação da qualidade do doce de leite. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho contribuem para ampliar os conhecimentos científicos e podem servir de subsídios para as indústrias de laticínios e a comunidade.

ABSTRACT The Dulce de Leche, a product which is marketed and produced in Latin America, is much appreciated by consumers, with great importance for the Brazilian market. The standardization of the characteristics of this product as well as the suitability for recommendations of the Technical Identity and Quality Regulation becomes difficult due to the large cultural diversity and technological changes. In this context, the study of physical-chemical and rheological characteristics the Dulce de Leche becomes of great importance to achieve such uniformity, mainly by the lack of technical and scientific literature about this product. This work aimed to evaluate and relate the physical-chemical and texture attributes. Twelve Dulce de Leche brands were analyzed to moisture, water activity and texture analysis with statistical analysis of the data. Descriptive statistical analysis for texture attributes showed high variability between samples. As for the moisture content, 51.11% of the samples were outside the statutory standards. The analysis had results of free HMF and elevated totals. Through the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it was found that the main source of variation and contribution to group of the appraised brands is related to the elements that make up the rheological characteristics of the product. The results showed high correlation between water activity, moisture and rheological attributes. The combination of physical, chemical and rheological attributes were shown to be useful for characterization and evaluation of Dulce de Leche quality. These results expand scientific knowledge about Dulce de leche favoring the dairy industry and the scientific community.