Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and anatomical characteristics of garlic cultivar leaves that indicate tolerance or susceptibility to environmental factors. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments (cultivars). The evaluated cultivars were Amarantes, BRS Hozan, Caçador, Crespo, Chinês Folha Fina, Chonan, Gigante Roxo Escuro, and Ito. The following physiological variables were evaluated: net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance to water vapor, transpiration, internal and external carbon, and water use efficiency. The anatomical characteristics were analyzed with a microscope coupled to a camera. The Chinês Folha Fina, Chonan, Gigante Roxo Escuro, and Crespo cultivars showed higher mean photosynthetic rates and thicker photosynthetic tissues than the others. The Chonan and Crespo cultivars stood out for their higher photosynthetic rates, higher stomatal indices, thicker cuticle and epidermis, and larger mesophyll intercellular spaces, which are characteristics common to plants tolerant to water deficit. The characteristics of the Chonan and Crespo garlic cultivars are related to drought tolerance, and those of BRS Hozan, Ito, and Caçador to susceptibility. factors design cultivars. . (cultivars) Amarantes Hozan Fina Escuro Ito rate vapor transpiration carbon efficiency camera others indices epidermis spaces deficit (cultivars

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características fisiológicas e anatômicas de folhas de cultivares de alho que indiquem tolerância ou susceptibilidade a fatores ambientais. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos (cultivares) e quatro repetições. As cultivares avaliadas foram Amarantes, BRS Hozan, Caçador, Crespo, Chinês Folha Fina, Chonan, Gigante Roxo Escuro e Ito. Avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis fisiológicas: taxa fotossintética líquida, condutância estomática ao vapor d’água, transpiração, carbono interno e externo, e eficiência no uso da água. As características anatômicas foram analisadas com microscópio acoplado a uma câmera. As cultivares Chinês Folha Fina, Chonan, Gigante Roxo Escuro e Crespo apresentaram taxas fotossintéticas médias maiores e tecidos fotossintéticos mais espessos que as demais. As cultivares Chonan e Crespo destacaram-se por maiores taxas fotossintéticas, índices estomáticos, espessuras da cutícula e da epiderme, e espaços intercelulares do mesofilo, características comuns em plantas tolerantes ao deficit hídrico. As características das cultivares de alho Chonan e Crespo são relacionadas à tolerância à seca, e as de BRS Hozan, Ito e Caçador à suscetibilidade. ambientais vegetação casualizado (cultivares repetições Amarantes Hozan Fina Avaliaramse Avaliaram se líquida dágua, dágua d água, água d’água transpiração externo câmera demais destacaramse destacaram estomáticos epiderme mesofilo hídrico seca suscetibilidade

Resumo A Campomanesia adamantium (guavira) é nativa do Cerrado brasileiro e utilizada como alimentícia e medicinal. A planta tem sido explorada indiscriminadamente em seu hábitat, o que, somado às queimadas e ao desmatamento, levam-na ao risco de extinção. Para a preservação da espécie, é essencial seu manejo in situ e ex situ, e as práticas agroecológi-cas associadas à adubação verde são um sistema recomendado. Neste estudo, investigamos o desenvolvimento da C. adamantium cultivada com os adubos verdes Stylosanthes macrocephala, Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides e Cajanus cajan, além dos atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo. Os adubos verdes tiveram maiores produções de massas frescas e secas no segundo corte, e as plantas de C. mucunoides, S. macrocephala e P. phaseoloidestiveram maiores concentrações de nutrientes. A massa do C. mucunoidesteve rápida decomposição e influenciou os atributos químicos do solo, havendo maior atuação dos microrganismos do solo no processo bioquímico de decomposição dos resíduos orgânicos. As plantas de C. adamantium mais bem desenvolvidas e com maiores produções e teores de nutrientes nas folhas foram cultivadas com os adubos verdes C. mucunoides e S. macrocephala. Os resultados mostraram que as plantas de C. adamantium respondem positivamente ao uso do adubo verde C. mucunoides, com aumento da produção de folhas. Este cultivo agroecológico contribui para a preservação de C. adamantium e para o uso adequado dos recursos naturais do Cerrado.

Abstract Campomanesia adamantium (guavira) is a native plant of the Brazilian Cerrado used both as food and as medicine. The plant has undergone indiscriminate overexploitation in its habitat, which, in association with fires and deforestation, puts the species at risk of extinction. To preserve the species, in situ and ex situ management actions are required and agroecological practices associated with green manuring is the recommended system. In this study, we investigated the development of C. adamantium grown with the green manures Stylosanthes macrocephala, Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides, and Cajanus cajan, as well as the chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The green manures had the highest production of fresh and dry masses at the second cut and C. mucunoides, S. macrocephala, and P. phaseoloides presented the highest nutrient concentrations. C. mucunoides mass decomposed rapidly and influenced the chemical properties of the soil, with a greater role of soil microorganisms in the biochemical process of decomposition of the organic residues. The bestdeveloped and highest yielding plants with the highest leaf nutrient content were obtained for C. adamantium grown with the green manures C. mucunoides and S. macrocephala. The results showed that C. adamantium responded positively to the use of the green manure C. mucunoides with increased leaf production. This agroecological cultivation to contributes for the preservation of C. adamantium and the appropriate use of the natural resources of the Cerrado.

ABSTRACT Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) is an unconventional plant or vegetable grown for ornamental, food and medicinal purposes. However, information on cultivation of the species involving organic residue is incipient. Therefore, aimed to evaluate plant growth, flower yield, and nutrient contents of leaves and flowers of Nasturtium cultivated with addition of chicken manure. Five doses of chicken manure were studied, applied in the soil incorporated (I) (1, 6, 10, 14 and 19 t ha-1) and cover (C) (1, 6, 10, 14 and 19 t ha-1) forms, using the experimental array Plan Puebla III, leading to nine combinations of doses and forms of adding the chicken manure, in randomized blocks with four replicates. The greatest plant height (35.75 cm) was achieved at 168 days after transplanting (DAT) under 10 t ha-1 I and 10 t ha-1 C. The greatest yield terms of in number (15.4 million ha-1) and fresh (10.45 t ha-1) and dry weights (0.849 t ha-1) of flowers were found by using doses close to 10 t ha-1 I and 10 t ha-1 C. To obtain the best development and yield of Nasturtium flowers, 10 t ha-1 I and 10 t ha-1 C of chicken manure should be used.

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the effect of chicken manure and substrate liming in the Campomanesia xanthocarpa (‘gabiroba’) physiology, nutrition and growth. Five dosages of chicken manure (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 Mg ha-1) were studied without and with substrate liming. The treatments were arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, in a randomized block design with four replications. There was an improvement on the chemical attributes in the substrate and nutrients contained in the plants where liming was performed. The highest plant height of C. xanthocarpa occurred with liming and 9.03 Mg ha-1 of chicken manure. The diameters were liming-grown plants and 4.57 mm with 5 Mg ha-1 of chicken manure. The photochemical efficiencies of PSII occurred in plants grown on liming substrate. It was concluded that C. xanthocarpa plants had their development optimizes with substrate liming and incorporation of 5 Mg ha-1 chicken manure.

ABSTRACT Proper crop management is essential for preservation of medicinal plants of the Cerrado. There is no report of ex-situ cultivation of Allophylus edulis (vacum), which is used for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, in intercropping with Tropaeolum majus (nasturtium). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the intercropping with nasturtium and fertilization with chicken manure on yield of vacum. The experiment consisted of six treatments: monocrop vacum without chicken manure; monocrop vacum with hicken manure; monocrop nasturtium without chicken manure; monocrop nasturtium with chicken manure; vacum intercropped with nasturtium without chicken manure and vacum intercropped with nasturtium with chicken manure. The crop cycle of vacum took 540 days after transplanting and, during this period, nasturtium was cultivated in two cycles, in 2017 and 2018. Vacum showed greater height growth and production of fresh and dry masses of leaves in single cultivation with chicken manure fertilization. Nasturtium showed greater growth and flower production in monocrop cultivation with chicken manure fertiliazation, in the first cycle. The intercropping vacum with nasturtium was effective, showing Equivalent Area Ratio (EAR) of 1.16 and 1.18 without and with chicken manure, respectively.