ABSTRACT Several technologies have been implemented to improve plant performance in irrigated crops, and one of them is the use of nanobiostimulants. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the effects of applying different concentrations of a carbon-based biostimulant on the morphophysiology of cowpea plants subjected to varying electrical conductivities of irrigation water. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, with two electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw: 0.35 and 4.0 dS m-1) and six concentrations of nanobiostimulant applied through the leaves (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 mg L-1), with four replications. Growth and gas exchange variables were evaluated 31 days after sowing (V9 stage). Concentrations between 240 and 320 mg L-1 of carbon-based nanobiostimulant promoted greater increases in growth and physiological variables, but they caused decreases in non-photochemical quenching. Water electrical conductivity of 4.0 dS m-1 reduced the number of leaves (17.1%), stem diameter (10.0%), SPAD index (10.3%), net photosynthesis (10.9%), stomatal conductance (46.4%), transpiration (34.5%), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (22.4%), and photochemical quenching (4.5%); in contrast, it increased the ratio between internal and ambient CO2 concentration (18.0%), leaf temperature (2.9%), water use efficiency (32.5%), and non-photochemical quenching (12.4%). Concentrations of 240 to 320 mg L-1 of the nanobiostimulant enhance the development and gas exchange of cowpea plants under non-stress conditions, whereas the concentration of 240 mg L-1 promotes the maximum increase in plant height under salinity. crops nanobiostimulants Therefore carbonbased carbon based design scheme ECw (ECw 035 0 35 0.3 40 4 4. m1 m 1 0, (0 80 160 L1, L1 L , L-1) replications 3 V9 V (V stage. stage . stage) 24 32 L- nonphotochemical non m- 17.1%, 171 17.1% 17 (17.1%) 10.0%, 100 10.0% 10 (10.0%) 10.3%, 103 10.3% (10.3%) 10.9%, 109 10.9% 9 (10.9%) 46.4%, 464 46.4% 46 (46.4%) 34.5%, 345 34.5% 34 5 (34.5%) 22.4%, 224 22.4% 22 (22.4%) 4.5% 45 (4.5%) contrast CO 18.0%, 180 18.0% 18 (18.0%) 2.9%, 29 2.9% (2.9%) 32.5%, 325 32.5% (32.5%) 12.4%. 124 12.4% 12 (12.4%) nonstress stress conditions salinity 03 0. ( 8 16 17.1 (17.1% 10.0 (10.0% 10.3 (10.3% 10.9 (10.9% 46.4 (46.4% 34.5 (34.5% 22.4 (22.4% 4.5 (4.5% 18.0 (18.0% 2.9 (2.9% 32.5 (32.5% 12.4 (12.4% 17. (17.1 10. (10.0 (10.3 (10.9 46. (46.4 34. (34.5 22. (22.4 (4.5 18. (18.0 2. (2.9 32. (32.5 12. (12.4 (17. (10. (46. (34. (22. (4. (18. (2. (32. (12. (17 (10 (46 (34 (22 (4 (18 (2 (32 (12 (1 (3

RESUMO Diversas tecnologias vêm sendo implementadas para melhorar o desempenho das plantas em cultivos irrigados e uma delas é o uso de nanobioestimulantes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de bioestimulante à base de carbono na morfofisiologia de plantas de feijão-caupi submetidas a diferentes condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 6, com duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,35 e 4,0 dS m-1) e seis concentrações do nanobioestimulante aplicadas via foliar (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 e 400 mg L-1), com quatro repetições. Variáveis de crescimento e de trocas gasosas foram avaliadas 31 dias após a semeadura (estádio V9). Concentrações entre 240 e 320 mg L-1 do nanobioestimulante de carbono proporcionaram maiores incrementos no crescimento e nas variáveis fisiológicas, no entanto, causaram decréscimos no quenching não-fotoquímico. A condutividade elétrica da água de 4,0 dS m-1 reduziu número de folhas (17,1%), diâmetro do caule (10,0%), índice SPAD (10,3%), fotossíntese líquida (10,9%), condutância estomática (46,4%), transpiração (34,5%), eficiência instantânea de carboxilação (22,4%), quenching fotoquímico (4,5%); em contraste, aumentou razão entre concentração interna e ambiente de CO2 (18,0%), temperatura foliar (2,9%), eficiência do uso da água (32,5%) e quenching não-fotoquímico (12,4%). As concentrações de 240 a 320 mg L-1 do nanobioestimulante potencializam o desenvolvimento e as trocas gasosas do feijão-caupi em condições sem estresse, enquanto que a concentração de 240 mg L-1 promove aumento máximo de altura de plantas sob salinidade. nanobioestimulantes Assim feijãocaupi feijão caupi casualizado 6 CEa (CEa 035 0 35 0,3 40 4 4, m1 m 1 0, (0 80 160 32 L1, L1 L , L-1) repetições 3 estádio V9. V9 V . V9) 24 L- fisiológicas entanto nãofotoquímico. nãofotoquímico não fotoquímico. m- 17,1%, 171 17,1% 17 (17,1%) 10,0%, 100 10,0% 10 (10,0%) 10,3%, 103 10,3% (10,3%) 10,9%, 109 10,9% 9 (10,9%) 46,4%, 464 46,4% 46 (46,4%) 34,5%, 345 34,5% 34 5 (34,5%) 22,4%, 224 22,4% 22 (22,4%) 4,5% 45 (4,5%) contraste CO 18,0%, 180 18,0% 18 (18,0%) 2,9%, 29 2,9% (2,9%) 32,5% 325 (32,5% 12,4%. 124 12,4% 12 (12,4%) estresse salinidade 03 ( 8 16 17,1 (17,1% 10,0 (10,0% 10,3 (10,3% 10,9 (10,9% 46,4 (46,4% 34,5 (34,5% 22,4 (22,4% 4,5 (4,5% 18,0 (18,0% 2,9 (2,9% 32,5 (32,5 12,4 (12,4% 17, (17,1 10, (10,0 (10,3 (10,9 46, (46,4 34, (34,5 22, (22,4 (4,5 18, (18,0 2, (2,9 32, (32, 12, (12,4 (17, (10, (46, (34, (22, (4, (18, (2, (32 (12, (17 (10 (46 (34 (22 (4 (18 (2 (3 (12 (1

Abstract Cotton is an important fiber crop, with special significance in the historical, cultural, and socio- economic development of the planet. In Peru, the great color variability of cotton fibers has allowed the commercialization of numerous textile products throughout the centuries. At present, cotton species native to South America, such as Gossypium barbadense, are constantly threatened by anthropogenic factors, and thus there is a clear need for species conservation. Therefore, this study aimed to collect G. barbadense germplasm in Peru, characterize the germplasm by fiber color, and evaluate the application of different methods of germplasm conservation. The evaluated methods were seed bank, field techniques, and in vitro culture. Two hundred seventy-six samples of G. barbadense were collected between 2017 and 2021 and classified by fiber color into monochrome and polychrome of white (114 samples), orange (107) and brown (41). The conservation methods showed that the seed bank samples ranged from 50 g to 1 kg, while 95% of the field accessions survived. In addition, seedlings presented positive developmental responses when they were grown in vitro under modified MS culture, sucrose 2.0%, vitamins, glycine 2.0 mgL-1, and AgNO3 2.0 mg L-1. This study provides evidence of the color variability of G. barbadense distributed throughout Peru, and confirms that this species can be managed and conserved using germplasm conservation methods.

Abstract Potato plants are often subjected to heat stress during growth and development, resulting in loss of yield and quality. However, the possibility exists that commercially important genotypes show tolerance to heat stress. In this study, we aim to investigate the morphological and physiological effects of moderate conditions of heat stress on tuberization in nine potato genotypes, and how it affects propagation using an ex vitro and in vitro system. The plant material came from the In Vitro Germplasm Bank of the International Potato Center (CIP). The incubation temperatures of the cultures in in vitro and ex vitro conditions were the ambient in the laboratory and greenhouse, respectively. In in vitro system a randomized complete block design was employed in nine genotypes, two treatments: multiplication culture medium and the same culture medium supplemented with 8.0% sucrose and 500 mg/L-1 CCC, six flasks and five explants per experimental unit. Among all genotypes evaluated, Leona and Liberteña did not form tubers under ex vitro treatment conditions. Under in vitro conditions, Amarilis, Capiro, Perricholi and Tacna showed no evidence of tuberization, and Canchán was the only genotype where 100% formation of tuberous structures were produced in all evaluations. The findings concluded in this study showed that of all the potatoes evaluated, Canchán best responded to the evaluations under both in ex vitro and in vitro conditions, at maximum temperatures between 22.4 to 26.9 and 27.0 to 28.2 oC, respectively. Therefore, it is vitally important to consider its development potential in different producing locations around the world, which are directly and indirectly affected by climate change.

RESUMEN Latinoamérica presenta una alta prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Entre 1996-2003 la prevalencia en Santiago de Chile fue del 70%; estudios recientes presentan una disminución en esta infección. Actualizar la frecuencia de Hp es fundamental debido a su impacto en la salud asociado. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue describir la tendencia de la infección por Hp en pacientes que asisten a endoscopía digestiva alta (EDA) ambulatoria en una población chilena. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes mayores de 18 años que asistieron a una primera EDA con test rápido de ureasa entre 2010-2020. La tendencia en el tiempo fue descrita mediante análisis de series de tiempo. Se construyó un modelo Poisson para estimar el riesgo de infección, ajustado por edad y sexo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 355 pacientes [66,9% mujeres; edad media 52 años; Hp 41,6%]. El sexo masculino presentó una mayor frecuencia de infección por Hp [RR 1,13; (IC95%:1,08-1,18)]. La frecuencia de Hp disminuyó significativamente desde 45,1% en 2010 hasta 29% en 2020, con 36% menor probabilidad de presentar infección por Hp en 2020 con respecto al 2010 [RR 0,64; (IC95%:0,55-0,74)]. Se proyectó un descenso progresivo en la tendencia de infección por Hp hasta valores cercanos al 25% para el año 2025. Conclusión: Se observó una reducción significativa en la infección por Hp entre los años 2010-2020. Esta disminución pudiese ser explicada mediante la incorporación de políticas públicas de salud en la última década asociadas a cambios sociosanitarios.

ABSTRACT Latin America presents a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Between 1996-2003, the prevalence in Santiago, Chile, was 70%; recent studies indicate a decrease in this infection. Updating the frequency of Hp is crucial due to its associated health impact. Objective: Our objective was to describe the trend in Hp infection in patients undergoing ambulatory esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in a Chilean population. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients over 18 years old who attended a first EGD with a rapid urease test between 2010-2020. Time trends were described through time series analysis. A Poisson model was constructed to estimate the risk of infection, adjusted for age and gender. Results: 11,355 patients were included [66.9% females; mean age 52 years; Hp 41.6%]. Male gender presented a higher frequency of Hp infection [RR 1.13; (95% CI: 1.08-1.18)]. Hp frequency infection decreased significantly from 45.1% in 2010 to 29% in 2020, with a 36% lower probability of Hp infection in 2020 compared to 2010 [RR 0.64; (95% CI: 0.55-0.74)]. A progressive decline in Hp infection trend was projected, reaching values close to 25% by year 2025. Conclusion: A significant reduction in Hp infection was observed between 2010-2020. This decrease could be explained by the implementation of public health policies in the last decade associated with socio-sanitary changes.

ABSTRACT This work aimed at investigating the viability of near infrared spectrometry (NIR), associated with chemometric methods, in order to identify differences at the levels of vigor of naturally and artificially aged soybean seeds. Seeds of six soybean genotypes were analyzed when freshly harvested, after natural aging in storage for eight months, and after artificial aging at the temperature of 41 °C for 96 hours. The seed moisture content, germination potential and vigor were evaluated. Also, there were measured the content of protein, oil and of the fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic. The NIR spectra were obtained from the freeze-dried and grinded seeds. The natural and artificial aging of the seeds promote deterioration at distinct levels, reflecting in differences in seed vigor. The regions of the electromagnetic spectrum between wavelengths of 1000-1200 nm, 1350-1450 nm, 1800-1900 nm and 2300-2400 nm are important to distinguish the levels of quality of the soybean seeds. The contents of oil and protein have a relationship with the physiological quality of the seeds. Also, the most relevant wavelengths for the classification of seed vigor present a relationship with these compounds. NIR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric methods, presents potential to be used in the classification of soybean seeds regarding their physiological quality. NIR, , (NIR) methods harvested months 4 C 9 hours evaluated Also acids palmitic stearic oleic linolenic freezedried freeze dried 10001200 1000 1200 1000-120 13501450 1350 1450 1350-145 18001900 1800 1900 1800-190 23002400 2300 2400 2300-240 compounds spectroscopy (NIR 1000120 100 120 1000-12 1350145 135 145 1350-14 1800190 180 190 1800-19 2300240 230 240 2300-24 100012 10 12 1000-1 135014 13 14 1350-1 180019 18 19 1800-1 230024 23 24 2300-2 10001 1 1000- 13501 1350- 18001 1800- 23002 2 2300-

This research explores the concentration of black carbon (BC) in particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from ten monitoring stations in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (MRRJ), Bonsucesso (BS), Botafogo (BOT), Copacabana (COP), Gavea (GAV), Gericino (GER), Lagoa (LAG), Recreio dos Bandeirantes (REC), Santa Cruz (SC), Castelo (CAS) and Urca (URC), covering a range of pollution sources (vehicular, industrial, and residential). PM samples were collected using filter units every week from January 2018 to December 2019. Results revealed high concentrations of PM10 in BS (86 ± 22 µg m3) and PM2.5 in REC (30 ± 11 µg m3). Likewise, both monitoring stations exceeded the international limits. In 2019, BC in PM10 decreased in the following order: BS > CAS > GER > BOT > SC > GAV. For 2018, BC in PM2.5 decreased as follows REC > LAG > SC, while 2019 REC > GAV > LAG > COP > URC. REC and BS have industrial and commercial activities and intense vehicular traffic. During the period of study, average BC concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 were 3.3 ± 1.5 and 1.9 ± 0.70 µg m3, respectively. These findings indicate that BC concentrations should be monitored and regulated in locations with high levels of traffic-related air pollution for offering new insights and guiding efforts to minimize emissions and enhance public health. (BC (PM1 PM25 PM2 5 MRRJ, MRRJ , (MRRJ) BS, (BS) BOT, (BOT) COP, (COP) GAV, (GAV) GER, (GER) LAG, (LAG) REC, (REC) (SC) (CAS URC, URC (URC) vehicular, (vehicular residential. residential . residential) 201 PM1 86 (8 2 m3 m PM2. 30 (3 1 m3. Likewise limits order traffic study 33 3 3. 15 1. 19 9 070 0 70 0.7 respectively trafficrelated related health (PM (MRRJ (BS (BOT (COP (GAV (GER (LAG (REC (SC (URC 20 8 ( 07 7 0.

Abstract Introduction: Among geriatric syndromes, cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, nocturia, and falls stand out. Older adults with urinary incontinence are more prone to falls and exhibit fear of falling. Objective: To investigate the frequency of urinary incontinence and nocturia and evaluate the association of these variables with falls and fear of falling in older individuals with cognitive impairment. Methods: Cross-sectional study with older adults referred from Basic Health Units with cognitive impairment evaluated between 2019 and 2021. Information on urinary incontinence, nocturia, history of falls, and fear of falling provided by the participants and their caregivers was collected. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and univariate logistic regressions. Results: Data from 89 older adults were analyzed, of whom 58.4% had urinary incontinence, 28.1% had nocturia, 67.4% reported fear of falling, and 41.6% reported falls in the last six months. The group with urinary incontinence [χ2(1) = 5.147; p = 0.023] and the group with nocturia [χ2(1) = 4.353; p = 0.037] had significantly higher frequencies of fear of falling. No differences in the frequencies of history of falls were observed between individuals with and without urinary incontinence or nocturia (p > 0.05). Fear of falling was associated with urinary incontinence (OR = 2.833; 95% CI 1.137 – 7.062) and nocturia (OR = 3.365; 95% CI 1.033 – 10.966). Conclusion: Older adults with cognitive impairment have a high frequency of urinary incontinence, nocturia, falls, and fear of falling. Furthermore, there is an association between urinary incontinence, nocturia and fear of falling in this population. Introduction syndromes out Objective Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 201 2021 collected Chisquare Chi square regressions Results 8 584 58 4 58.4 281 28 1 28.1 674 67 67.4 416 41 6 41.6 months χ21 χ χ2 [χ2(1 5.147 5147 5 147 0.023 0023 0 023 4.353 4353 353 0.037 0037 037 0.05. 005 0.05 . 05 0.05) OR 2.833 2833 2 833 95 1137 137 1.13 7.062 7062 7 062 3.365 3365 3 365 1033 033 1.03 10.966. 10966 10.966 10 966 10.966) Conclusion Furthermore population 20 202 58. 28. 67. 41. [χ2( 5.14 514 14 0.02 002 02 4.35 435 35 0.03 003 03 00 0.0 2.83 283 83 9 113 13 1.1 7.06 706 06 3.36 336 36 103 1.0 1096 10.96 96 [χ2 5.1 51 4.3 43 0. 2.8 11 1. 7.0 70 3.3 33 109 10.9 [χ 5. 4. 2. 7. 3. 10.

Resumo Introdução: Entre as síndromes geriátricas, destacam-se o comprometimento cognitivo, a incontinência urinária, a noctúria e as quedas. Idosos com incontinência urinária são mais propensos a cair e apresentar medo de cair. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência de incontinência urinária e noctúria e avaliar a associação dessas variáveis com a ocorrência de quedas e com o medo de cair em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. Métodos: Estudo transversal com idosos encaminhados das Unidades Básicas de Saúde com comprometimento cognitivo avaliados entre os anos de 2019 e 2021. Foram coletadas informações sobre incontinência urinária, noctúria, histórico de quedas e medo de cair, fornecidas pelos idosos e seus acompanhantes. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes quiquadrado e regressões logísticas univariadas. Resultados: Foram analisados dados de 89 idosos, dos quais 58,4% apresentavam incontinência urinária, 28,1% apresentavam noctúria, 67,4% tinham medo de cair e 41,6% relataram quedas nos últimos seis meses. O grupo com incontinência urinária [2(1) = 5,147; p = 0,023] e o grupo com noctúria [χ2(1) = 4,353; p = 0,037] apresentaram frequências significativamente maiores de medo de cair. Não foram observadas diferenças das frequências de histórico de quedas entre os indivíduos com e sem incontinência ou noctúria (p > 0,05). O medo de cair mostrouse associado à incontinência (OR = 2,833; IC95% 1,137 – 7,062) e à noctúria (OR = 3,365; IC 95% 1,033 – 10,966). Conclusão: Idosos com comprometimento cognitivo apresentam alta frequência de incontinência urinária, noctúria, quedas e medo de cair. Ademais, há associação da incontinência urinária e da noctúria com o medo de cair nessa população. Introdução geriátricas destacamse destacam se Objetivo Métodos 201 2021 acompanhantes univariadas Resultados 8 584 58 4 58,4 281 28 1 28,1 674 67 67,4 416 41 6 41,6 meses 21 2 [2(1 5,147 5147 5 147 0,023 0023 0 023 χ21 χ χ2 [χ2(1 4,353 4353 353 0,037 0037 037 0,05. 005 0,05 . 05 0,05) OR 2,833 2833 833 IC95 1137 137 1,13 7,062 7062 7 062 3,365 3365 3 365 95 1033 033 1,03 10,966. 10966 10,966 10 966 10,966) Conclusão Ademais população 20 202 58, 28, 67, 41, [2( 5,14 514 14 0,02 002 02 [χ2( 4,35 435 35 0,03 003 03 00 0,0 2,83 283 83 IC9 113 13 1,1 7,06 706 06 3,36 336 36 9 103 1,0 1096 10,96 96 [2 5,1 51 [χ2 4,3 43 0, 2,8 11 1, 7,0 70 3,3 33 109 10,9 [ 5, [χ 4, 2, 7, 3, 10,

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The mechanisms underlying nociplastic pain, such as fibromyalgia (FM), are not fully understood, however, it is believed that altered sensory processing and pain modulation play prominent roles in the maintenance of nociplastic pain. The hypothesis is that changes in the primary somesthetic cortex (S1) contribute to the generalized pain character of FM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the primary somesthetic cortex in humans with fibromyalgia, as well as to investigate possible associations between S1 changes and clinical signs and symptoms of FM. CONTENTS: For this integrative review, the following databases were used: Pubmed and Web of Science, including observational studies carried out in humans with FM. In total, 541 studies were identified and four were included. The majority of studies are case-control studies, published between 2016 and 2022. In total, data from 161 individuals were included in this review. It was identified that there are morphological changes, hyperactivation and increased functional connectivity between S1 and periaqueductal gray matter and between S1 and anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSION: Patients with FM present morphological changes and hyperactivation in S1, as well as increased functional connectivity between S1 and periaqueductal gray matter and S1 and limbic system. Furthermore, different bilateral somatotropic subregions (legs, chest, fingers, hands, face and back) showed reduced functional connectivity in patients with FM. These regions are often presented as “tender points” in FM. OBJECTIVES FM, , (FM) understood however S (S1 CONTENTS review used Science total 54 casecontrol case control 201 2022 16 CONCLUSION system Furthermore legs, legs (legs chest fingers hands back tender points (FM (S 5 20 202 1 2

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os mecanismos subjacentes à dor nociplástica, como a fibromialgia (FM), não são totalmente compreendidos, contudo acredita-se que o processamento sensorial e a modulação da dor alterados desempenham papéis proeminentes para a manutenção da dor nociplástica. Com a hipótese de que alterações no córtex somestésico primário (S1) contribuam para o caráter de dor generalizada da FM, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o envolvimento do córtex somestésico primário em humanos com FM, bem como investigar possíveis associações entre alterações de S1 com sinais e sintomas clínicos da FM. CONTEÚDO: Para esta revisão integrativa, foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed e Web of Science, incluindo estudos observacionais realizados em humanos com FM. No total, 541 estudos foram identificados e quatro foram incluídos. A maioria dos estudos são do tipo caso-controle, publicados entre 2016 e 2022. Ao todo, dados de 161 indivíduos foram incluídos. Foi identificado que há alterações morfológicas, hiperativação e aumento da conectividade funcional entre S1 e substância cinzenta periaquedutal e entre S1 e córtex cingulado anterior. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com FM apresentam alterações morfológicas e hiperativação em S1, bem como aumento da conectividade funcional entre S1 e substância cinzenta periaquedutal e S1 e sistema límbico. Ademais, diferentes sub-regiões somatotrópicas bilaterais (pernas, tórax, dedos, mãos, face e costas) apresentaram redução da conectividade funcional em pacientes com FM. Essas regiões são frequentemente apresentadas como “tender points” na FM. OBJETIVOS nociplástica , (FM) compreendidos acreditase acredita se S (S1 CONTEÚDO integrativa Science total 54 incluídos casocontrole, casocontrole caso controle, controle caso-controle 201 2022 todo 16 anterior CONCLUSÃO límbico Ademais subregiões sub pernas, pernas (pernas tórax dedos mãos costas tender points (FM (S 5 20 202 1 2

Isoquinoline alkaloids, especially from the Annonaceae family, have shown biological potential against parasites. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of the alkaloid fractions of the plant Fusaea longifolia against Plasmodium falciparum and annotate the compounds present in these samples. The tentative characterization of the alkaloids from the leaves and branches of F. longifolia was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and molecular networks. Through manual interpretation of the MS/MS spectra, 18 alkaloids were dereplicated from F. longifolia, 17 of which were reported for the first time in this species. An unpublished putative glycosylated alkaloid was annotated by interpreting the fragmentation data profile. Regarding biological activity, the fractions studied showed high activity against P. falciparum with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.42 and 1.60 μg mL-1 for branches and from the leaves, respectively, both similar to the reference standard quinine (IC50 of 1.24 μg mL-1). The structures of the 17 alkaloids were subjected to in silico analysis using molecular docking against four enzymes related to anti-Plasmodium activity (wild type (dm-PfDHFR) and mutant type (qm-PfDHFR), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PfPNP)). Molecular docking revealed strong interactions, especially between oxoxylopine 17 and hydroxycassythicine N-oxide 10, which may be potential new sources against P. falciparum. family parasites Thus samples F LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS (LC-MS/MS networks MSMS spectra 1 species profile P halfmaximal half maximal IC50 IC 242 2 42 2.4 160 60 1.6 mL1 mL mL- respectively (IC5 124 24 1.2 mL1. . mL-1) antiPlasmodium anti wild dmPfDHFR dm PfDHFR (dm-PfDHFR qmPfDHFR, qmPfDHFR qm , (qm-PfDHFR) PfDHODH (PfDHODH PfPNP. PfPNP (PfPNP)) interactions Noxide N oxide 10 LCMS IC5 4 2. 16 6 1. (IC 12 (qm-PfDHFR (PfPNP) (PfPNP

Abstract: Creation, adjustments and adoption of tests and tools that help in the prediction of seed storability have been highly demanded. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze the efficiency of different artificial aging times in predicting the performance of soybean seeds after storage, using the GGE biplot method. Seeds of six genotypes were subjected to storage, under refrigerated and non-refrigerated conditions, and artificial aging, being artificially aged for periods of 0, 48, 96 and 144 hours. Seeds freshly harvested and after natural and artificial aging were subjected to germination and vigor tests. The experiments were analyzed separately, using means test, regression analysis and model identity test, and together, using the GGE biplot method. Artificial aging at a temperature of 41 °C for 96 hours has the potential to be used to predict the performance of soybean seeds after eight months of storage. The GGE biplot is a method that can be used as a tool to analyze the relationships between aging environments and visualize the ranking of genotypes regarding the performance of seeds subjected to natural and artificial aging. Abstract Creation demanded Therefore storage nonrefrigerated non conditions 0 48 9 14 separately test together 4 C 1

Resumo: Tem sido altamente requerida a elaboração, ajustes e adoção de testes e ferramentas que auxiliem na predição da armazenabilidade de sementes. Diante disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a eficiência de diferentes tempos de envelhecimento artificial na predição do desempenho das sementes de soja após o armazenamento, utilizando-se o método GGE biplot. Sementes de seis genótipos foram submetidas ao armazenamento, sob condição refrigerada e não refrigerada, e envelhecimento artificial, sendo envelhecidas artificialmente pelos períodos de 0, 48, 96 e 144 horas. As sementes recém-colhidas e após o envelhecimento natural e artificial foram submetidas a testes de germinação e vigor. Os experimentos foram analisados separadamente, por meio de teste de médias, análise de regressão e teste de identidade de modelos, e em conjunto, utilizando-se o método GGE biplot. O envelhecimento artificial, à temperatura de 41 °C por 96 horas apresenta potencial para ser utilizado na predição do desempenho de sementes de soja após oito meses de armazenamento. O GGE biplot é um método que pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para analisar as relações entre os ambientes de envelhecimento e visualizar o ranqueamento dos genótipos quanto ao desempenho das sementes submetidas ao envelhecimento natural e artificial. Resumo elaboração disso armazenamento utilizandose utilizando se 0 48 9 14 recémcolhidas recém colhidas vigor separadamente médias modelos conjunto 4 C 1

Resumo A literatura científica sobre anomalias em anfíbios é vasta, mas casos registrados de heterocromia ocular em anfíbios estão quase ausentes, mesmo considerando registros anedóticos. No território brasileiro, apenas dois casos de heterocromia ocular foram registrados anteriormente para anfíbios, ambos para anuros, o primeiro para a Mata Atlântica do nordeste do Brasil e o segundo para a região amazônica do norte do Brasil. No presente relato, descrevemos dois casos de heterocromia ocular no hilídeo Boana albomarginata, ambos no bioma Mata Atlântica, estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil, representando o primeiro registro de heterocromia ocular para esta espécie e o terceiro caso registrado para uma espécie de anfíbio no Brasil. Um olho de cada exemplar observado apresentava atipicamente íris de cor azul chamativa e homogênea, preenchendo toda sua superfície ou apenas a metade inferior, representando casos de heterocromia completa e setorial, respectivamente. Além disso, a não-usual íris azul só esteve detectável sob a luz do dia, quando a cor de fundo da íris era branca. À noite, a cor de fundo padrão da íris cobreada ou dourada permaneceu inalterada e a cor azul não pôde ser detectada. Nenhuma outra anomalia detectável ou comportamento incomum foi observada para ambos os exemplares. Este é o primeiro relato de heterocromia ocular em anfíbios representado por uma cor azul bem-marcada e limitada a um padrão diurno de cor da íris. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar a natureza desta anomalia e suas potenciais consequências para o indivíduo e para a espécie. vasta ausentes anedóticos brasileiro anuros albomarginata Bahia homogênea inferior setorial respectivamente disso nãousual usual dia branca noite detectada exemplares bemmarcada bem marcada

Abstract The scientific literature on amphibian anomalies is large, but registered cases of amphibians’ ocular heterochromia are almost absent, even considering anecdotal records. In the Brazilian territory, only two cases of ocular heterochromia were formerly registered for amphibians, both for anurans, the first from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil and the second from the Amazonian region of northern Brazil. In the present account, we report two cases of ocular heterochromia in the hylid treefrog Boana albomarginata, both from the Atlantic Forest biome, Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, representing the first record of ocular heterochromia for this species and the third case registered for an amphibian’s species in Brazil. One eye of each observed specimen had an unusually flashy and homogeneous blue-colored iris, filling its entire surface or only its lower half, representing cases of complete and sectoral heterochromia, respectively. Furthermore, the unusual flashy blue iris was only detectable during daylight, when the iris background color was white. At night, the standard copper to golden iris background color remains unchanged, and the blue color cannot be detected. No other detectable anomalies or unusual behaviors were observed for both specimens. This is the first report of amphibian ocular heterochromia represented by a flashy blue color iris and limited to a daylight iris color pattern. Further studies are necessary to determine the nature of this anomaly and its potential consequences for the specimen and the species. large amphibians absent records territory anurans account albomarginata biome state s bluecolored colored half respectively Furthermore white night unchanged detected specimens pattern

ABSTRACT Tree density is an important aspect in silvopastoral system (SPS) planning, since low luminosity can limit forage perenniality, especially for tropical forages of C4 metabolism. The objective with this study was to verify if an SPS with high tree density accelerates the pasture degradation process and changes the forage chemical composition. The experiment was carried out by comparison of marandu palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster] pasture in two systems: silvopastoral and open pasture. In the SPS, teak (Tectona grandis) was planted with a density of 750 trees ha-1. Evaluations were carried out over three years (2015, 2016 and 2017). SPS shading reduced herbage mass, tiller density and soil cover over the years. In the marandu palisade grass in the SPS there was a greater stem proportion, which favoured lesser potential digestible dry matter in the first year. Even with a higher amount of stem, higher crude protein concentration and minerals were observed in the SPS. Due to the high density of trees, excessive shading accelerated the process of degradation of the pasture, which demonstrates that planning of the spatial arrangement of tree species is crucial. (SPS perenniality C metabolism composition Urochloa Hochst. Hochst (Hochst A Rich. Rich R D Webster systems Tectona grandis 75 ha1. ha1 ha 1. 1 ha-1 2015, 2015 (2015 201 2017. 2017 . 2017) mass proportion year crucial 7 ha- (201 20 (20 2 (2 (

RESUMO A densidade de árvores é um aspecto importante no planejamento de sistemas silvipastoris (SPS), uma vez que a baixa luminosidade pode limitar a perenidade da forragem, principalmente para forrageiras tropicais de metabolismo C4. O objetivo com este estudo foi verificar se um SPS com alta densidade de árvores acelera o processo de degradação da pastagem e altera a composição química da forragem. O experimento foi realizado comparando a pastagem de capim-marandu [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster] em dois sistemas: silvipastoril e pastagem aberta. No SPS foi plantada teca (Tectona grandis) com densidade de 750 árvores ha-1. As avaliações foram realizadas ao longo de três anos (2015, 2016 e 2017). O sombreamento SPS reduziu a massa de forragem, a densidade de perfilhos e a cobertura do solo ao longo dos anos. No capim-marandu no SPS houve maior proporção de colmos, o que favoreceu menor potencial digestível de matéria seca no primeiro ano. Mesmo com maior quantidade de colmo, maior concentração de proteína bruta e minerais foram observados no SPS. Devido à alta densidade de árvores, o sombreamento excessivo acelerou o processo de degradação da pastagem, o que demonstra que o planejamento da ordenação espacial das espécies arbóreas é fundamental. SPS, , (SPS) forragem C4 C capimmarandu capim marandu Urochloa Hochst. Hochst (Hochst Rich. Rich R D Webster aberta Tectona grandis 75 ha1. ha1 ha 1. 1 ha-1 2015, 2015 (2015 201 2017. 2017 . 2017) colmos ano colmo fundamental (SPS 7 ha- (201 20 (20 2 (2 (

Abstract The objective of this work was to compare the use of noninformative and informative priors in Bayesian models, as well as to evaluate the viability of including informative priors in the estimation of variance components and genetic values in soybean breeding programs. The used phenotypic data refer to the evaluation of 80 soybean genotypes in ten environments over three years. For each evaluated crop year, informative and noninformative priors were used, and the parameters were estimated using the Gibbs sampler algorithm. Parameter estimates from the previous crop year were used as prior information for the next evaluated crop year. The goodness-of-fit was calculated using the deviance information criterion (DIC). Selective accuracy showed the highest values for the models chosen through DIC for both crop years. However, the intervals of the highest posterior density are narrower for all models that adopted informative priors. Adding information into Bayesian inference does not always result in a better model fitting. programs 8 years algorithm goodnessoffit goodness fit DIC. . (DIC) However fitting (DIC

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o uso de a priori não informativas e informativas em modelos bayesianos, bem como avaliar a viabilidade da inclusão de a priori informativas na estimativa dos componentes de variância e dos valores genotípicos em programas de melhoramento de soja. Os dados fenotípicos utilizados referem-se à avaliação de 80 genótipos de soja, em dez ambientes, ao longo de três anos. Para cada safra avaliada, foram utilizadas a priori informativas e não informativas, e os parâmetros foram estimados com uso do algoritmo de amostragem de Gibbs. As estimativas dos parâmetros da safra anterior foram utilizadas como informação prévia para a próxima safra avaliada. A qualidade do ajuste foi calculada com uso do critério de informação de desvio (DIC). A acurácia seletiva apresentou maiores valores nos modelos escolhidos por meio do DIC, para ambas as safras. No entanto, os intervalos de maior densidade a posteriori são menores para todos os modelos que adotaram a priori informativas. Adicionar informações à inferência bayesiana nem sempre resulta em melhor ajuste ao modelo. bayesianos soja referemse referem se 8 ambientes anos avaliada Gibbs DIC. DIC . (DIC) safras entanto modelo (DIC

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) crop has great economic relevance, being one of the most processed agricultural products worldwide. Some pesticides are chemically stable and can remain in food even after processing. In this context, the objective of this work was to analyze food products derived from tomatoes (extract, sauce and ketchup), regarding the levels of pesticide residues. Fifteen samples were acquired from Vale do Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brazil. Six pesticides (bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, pyriproxyfen, trifluralin) authorized by Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) for tomato cultivation were selected for the study. QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used in method validation, according to the recommendations of SANTE 11312/2021 guidelines. Statistical analyses of linearity showed that the six pesticides studied were classified as heterocesdastic. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values (0.01-0.03 and 0.03-0.10 mg kg-1, respectively) were below the established maximum residue limits (MRLs) for tomatoes. Accuracy and precision (78-121 and 2.3-16.7%, respectively) were satisfactory. The results indicated that among the 15 analyzed samples, one active ingredient was detected (0.05 mg kg-1) in a tomato sauce sample, lower than MRLs (Anvisa 0.15 mg kg-1 and FAO 0.3 mg kg-1). The results show the relevance of monitoring pesticide residues in tomato-derived products and the validation of new methodologies for food control. Solanum L. L worldwide processing context extract, extract (extract ketchup, ketchup , ketchup) Jaguaribe Ceará Brazil bifenthrin, bifenthrin (bifenthrin chlorothalonil chlorpyrifos cyfluthrin pyriproxyfen trifluralin Anvisa study quick, quick (quick easy cheap effective rugged safe GCMS GC MS (GC-MS 113122021 11312 2021 11312/202 guidelines heterocesdastic LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 0.010.03 001003 0.01 0.03 0 01 03 (0.01-0.0 0.030.10 003010 0.10 10 0.03-0.1 kg1, kg1 kg 1, 1 respectively (MRLs 78121 78 121 (78-12 2.316.7%, 23167 2.3 16.7%, 2 3 16 7 2.3-16.7% satisfactory 0.05 005 05 (0.0 sample 015 0.1 kg- 0. kg1. . tomatoderived control 11312202 1131 202 11312/20 010 0.010.0 00100 001 0.0 003 (0.01-0. 030 0.030.1 00301 0.03-0. 7812 12 (78-1 316 2.316.7% 2316 23 2. 167 16.7% 2.3-16.7 00 (0. 1131220 113 20 11312/2 0.010. 0010 (0.01-0 0.030. 0030 0.03-0 781 (78- 31 2.316.7 231 16.7 2.3-16. (0 113122 11 11312/ 0.010 (0.01- 0.030 0.03- (78 2.316. 16. 2.3-16 ( (0.01 (7 2.316 2.3-1 2.31 2.3-

Penicillium meliponae, a recently described and rare species, was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the Amazonian plant Duguetia sthelechantha, and has been proven to be a pigment producer. Considering the high productivity of this species and the lack of data on its chemical composition, the present study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of P. meliponae and evaluate the influence of agitation and the use of different culture media. For this purpose, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and molecular networking were used, allowing the identification of 17 azaphilone molecules with sclerotiorin-like skeletons, becoming the first chemical report of this species. In addition, the different production patterns in the tested culture media were indicative that this species is sensitive to changes in the composition of the carbon source and to the presence of agitation. Furthermore, this work contributes to the fragmentation mechanisms of the different possible structural arrangements for azaphilones of the sclerotiorin type and serves as a repository of information on the gas-phase behavior of this type of metabolite in mass spectrometry experiments and will assist future studies aimed at the discovery of azaphilones. sthelechantha producer P purpose LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS/MS MS (LC-MS/MS used 1 sclerotiorinlike like skeletons addition Furthermore gasphase gas phase LCMS MSMS