Abstract Associations are non-profit organizations with the purpose of defending collective interests, developing economic activities and impacting and transforming people's lives. However, they present management difficulties, especially with respect to costs, because their accounting practice is still underdeveloped. A costing tool is essential in any type of organization and, in this context, this work sought, through quantitative research and through the Activity-Based Costing method, to measure the management costs of a women's association that works in the handcraft production of coconut sweets. The case study was developed in an association, located in the city of Lucena- PB-BR, which manufactures two types of coconut sweets: traditional and cut. Data collection was carried out using observation, document analysis and interviews. The results showed that the association needs to formalize its Production Planning and Control, in order to produce more efficiently. Fifty-two micro-activities were identified, 77% of which were considered to add value to products. The analysis of the management cost of the production showed that traditional sweets generate profits, while cut sweets imply a loss for the association. JEL: D24, L66, M11.

Resumen Las asociaciones civiles son organizaciones sin fines de lucro cuyo propósito es defender intereses colectivos, desarrollar actividades económicas e impactar y transformar la vida de las personas. Presentan dificultades en relación a la gestión, especialmente con respecto a los costos, porque su práctica contable está todavía poco desarrollada. Una herramienta de costeo resulta esencial en cualquier organización y, en este contexto, este trabajo buscó, mediante una investigación cuantitativa y a través del método de Costeo Basado en Actividades, medir los costos de gestión de una Asociación de Mujeres que trabaja en la producción artesanal de dulces de coco. El estudio de caso se desarrolló en una asociación, en la ciudad de Lucena- PB-BR, que fabrica dos tipos de dulces de coco: tradicionales y de corte. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la técnica de observación, análisis de documentos y entrevistas. Los resultados mostraron que la asociación necesita formalizar su planificación y control de la producción, para poder producir de manera más eficiente. Se identificaron 52 microactividades, el 77% agregan valor a los productos. El análisis del costo de los productos mostró que los dulces tradicionales presentan ganancias, mientras que los dulces de corte implican una pérdida para la asociación. JEL: D24, L66, M11.

Résumé Les associations civiles sont des organisations à but non lucratif dont l’objectif est de défendre les intérêts collectifs, développer des activités économiques et d'impacter et transformer la vie des gens. Cependant, ils présentent des difficultés en matière de management, notamment en matière de coûts, car leur pratique comptable est encore sous-développée. Un outil des coûts est essentiel dans une organisation et, dans ce contexte, le travail a exploré, par une recherche quantitative et par la méthode ABC, à mesurer les coûts de gestion d'une association féminine qui travaille dans la production artisanale de bonbons à la noix de coco. L'étude de cas a été développée dans une association, dans Lucena-PB-BR, qui fabrique deux types de bonbons: traditionnels et coupés. La collecte de données a été réalisée à l'aide de la technique d'observation, d'analyse de documents et d'entretiens. Les résultats ont montré que l'association doit formaliser sa planification et son contrôle de production, afin de produire plus efficacement. Cinquante-deux micro-activités ont été identifiées, dont 77% ont été considérées comme valorisant les produits. L'analyse du coût de gestion des produits a montré que les sucreries traditionnelles présentent des bénéfices, tandis que les sucreries coupées impliquent une perte pour l'association. JEL: D24, L66, M11.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the possible modifications due to industrial processing in the volatiles (HS-SPME/GC-MS), bioactive compounds (content total, and phenolic profile by UFLC-DAD) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC) of fresh and processed mango pulp with addition of additives, pasteurized, and pasteurized with additives. The physicochemical characteristics of the samples were evaluated. All parameters were significantly (p≤0.05) affected by processing. According to the PCA analysis, the stability of the samples was influenced by the thermal processing and the work clearly demonstrated the separation between the analyzed samples as a function of the effect of thermal processing. It is concluded that industrial processing, although important for the preservation of useful life and maintenance of the microbiological quality of mango pulp, influence the functional and aromatic properties, causing a significant reduction in the volatile and bioactive compounds, which can negatively influence the acceptance of the processed product by consumers.

Abstract Malpighia emarginata D.C is an important crop of Brazil and significant source of antioxidant active compounds with notable health effects. The purpose of this work was to study three varieties of acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C) at green unripe stage of maturity from the São Francisco Valley of Northeast Brazil. The fruits were evaluated for physico-chemical composition, bioactive compounds, through spectrophotometric analysis and liquid chromatography, as well as the profile of macro and micro minerals and antioxidant capacity. The fruits presented satisfactory results in physico-chemical quality parameters. HPLC-DAD phenolic profile analysis identified kaempferol-3-glucoside (32.68 mg/100 g), p-coumaric acid (28.87 mg/100 g) and isorhamnetin (11.41 mg/100 g) as the major compounds, mainly in the variety of Flor Branca (FB). The results obtained from the profiles of sugars and organic acids were similar among the varieties. The minerals were excellent sources of the elements of K, Ca, Mg and Mn. Moreover, FB variety represents higher antioxidant capacity in ABTS·+ (8613.54 μM Trolox/g) and ORAC (2454.42 μM Trolox/g). Thus, the results show the potential to be applied for variety selection and utilization programs based on their specific nutritive characters, contributing to the development of new products.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os mecanismos de resistência aos antimicrobianos β-lactâmicos em 251 amostras de Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa (CoNS) isolados de cabras com mastite subclínica, bem como determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade dos testes de nitrocefina e difusão em disco para detectar a resistência à penicilina, em comparação à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As amostras foram avaliadas quanto à presença dos genes blaZ e mecA, à produção de β-lactamase e à susceptibilidade à penicilina. Do total de isolados, 228 (91%) apresentaram o gene blaZ e, dentre estes, 144 (63%) foram positivos para β-lactamase. A resistência à penicilina foi observada em 125 isolados e, destes, 96,8% apresentaram o gene blaZ. A sensibilidade dos testes fenotípicos para detectar a produção de β-lactamase foi baixa, mas a sua especificidade foi alta; o coeficiente Kappa mostrou leve concordância entre os testes fenotípicos e a PCR. O gene mecA foi detectado em apenas 3% dos isolados, que foram identificados como pertencentes às espécies: S. capitis subsp. ureolyticus, S. caprae, S. warneri, S. sciuri, S. simulans e S. cohnii subsp. urealyticum. Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa são importantes agentes etiológicos da mastite caprina e apresentam genes blaZ e mecA de resistência aos antimicrobianos β-lactâmicos. A sensibilidade dos testes de nitrocefina e difusão em disco para detectar a resistência à penicilina é baixa em relação à da PCR.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate resistance mechanisms to β-lactam antimicrobials in 251 strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolated from subclinical goat mastitis, as well as to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the nitrocefin and disk diffusion methods to detect penicillin resistance, in comparison with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates were evaluated for the presence of the blaZ and mecA genes, β-lactamase production, and susceptibility to penicillin. Of the total isolates, 228 (91%) carried the blaZ gene and, among these, 144 (63%) were positive for β-lactamase production. Resistance to penicillin was observed in 125 of the isolates, of which 96.8% carried the blaZ gene. The sensitivity of the phenotypic methods to detect β-lactamase production was low, but their specificity was high; the Kappa coefficient showed a poor agreement between the phenotypic methods and PCR. The mecA gene was detected in only 3% of the isolates, which were identified as belonging to the species: S. capitis subsp. ureolyticus, S. caprae, S. warneri, S. sciuri, S. simulans, and S. cohnii subsp. urealyticum. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus are important mastitis-causing pathogens in goat and harbor the blaZ and mecA genes related to resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials. The sensitivity of the nitrocefin and disk diffusion methods to detect penicillin resistance is low in relation to that of PCR.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the monthly milk production and quality of buffaloes from two milk production systems in the Brazilian northeast using the multivariate analysis: principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 2,506 individual milk recordings were performed in two production systems, containing information on milk production (kg day-1), fat, protein, lactose and total solids counts and somatic cell count (SCC). There were positive correlations between the fat content and the contents of total solids (TS) and protein, and of TS and protein. From the PCA, two main components (PC1 and PC2) were identified, explaining 67.71% of the total variation. The fat, protein, lactose and ST level, represented by PC1, explain 46.18% of the total variance, and were an indicator of milk nutritional quality. The CP2, composed of milk production, SCC and production systems, explains 21.53% of the total variance, and was indicative of herd health. PCA results may be useful in dairy buffalo breeding programs, and a reduced number of variables are necessary to assess the nutritional quality of milk and herd health.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar, por meio da análise de componentes principais e análise de agrupamento, as variáveis capazes de explicar a variabilidade na qualidade e na produção de leite de vacas Holandesas. Foram utilizados dados mensais de controle leiteiro, de três fazendas comerciais localizadas na região Agreste do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, obtidos no período de 2007 a 2017. Foram analisadas 5.872 informações de produção e componentes do leite, e de escore de células somáticas (SCS), quanto à possibilidade de formação de grupos que pudessem ser destacados pela similaridade e verificar a capacidade discriminante dessas características nos grupos. Os métodos K-means e Ward.D2, baseados na análise da distância euclidiana e dos componentes principais (PCA), foram utilizados para indicar as fontes de variação que diferenciaram os grupos. Foi observado que os primeiros três componentes principais explicaram 79,69% da variabilidade dos dados. A variável que mais contribuiu no primeiro componente foi o teor de sólidos totais com 29,66%. No segundo componente, a lactose, se destacou com uma contribuição de 49,43%. Na análise de agrupamento, três clusters diferiram em relação a todas as características (p<0,001), o cluster 2, por exemplo, concentrou 43,15% (2.534) das informações, agrupando animais com um menor SCS e maior lactose e produção de leite. As variáveis sólidos totais, lactose e gordura foram as que mais contribuíram dentro dos três componentes selecionados. A ACP e agrupamento podem ser ferramentas úteis na obtenção de características efetivas, sendo três fatores considerados importantes para explicar a relação entre produção e qualidade do leite.

ABSTRACT Using multivariate analyses, this study attempted to identify important traits explaining the relationship between milk production and quality produced by Holstein cows. Monthly milk records from three commercial dairy farms located in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil, collected in the period from 2007 to 2017, were used. A total of 5,872 observations regarding milk production, milk components and somatic cell score (SCS) were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. According to the former analysis, the first three principal components explained 79.69% of the total variation. Total solids content contributed 29.66% of the variation in the first principal component, while lactose content contributed 49.43% of the variation in the second principal component. According to the latter analysis, three clusters differed for all characteristics (p<0.001) and cluster 2 concentrated 43.15% (2,534) of the information with lower SCS and higher lactose content and milk production. Total solids, lactose and fat were considered the most representative traits explaining the variability of the data set. The multivariate techniques used in this study proved useful in obtaining effective characteristics, with three factors considered important in explaining the relationship between Holstein cows’ milk production and quality.

RESUMO Em rebanhos leiteiros, um dos objetivos mais importantes da seleção é a melhoria da produção e composição do leite. Vários estudos demonstraram que os genes candidatos da kappa-caseína (CSN3) e da β-lactoglobulina (β-LG) estão associados a produção de leite, qualidade do leite e características de saúde em animais leiteiros. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi detectar polimorfismos nos genes CSN3 e β-LG e avaliar possíveis associaçoes desses polimorfismos com a produção de leite em até 305 dias (305MY) e a capacidade de transmissão prevista (PTA) de leite em bovinos da raça Girolando. No total, 138 touros e 729 vacas (n = 867) foram amostrados. A genotipagem foi realizada pelo método PCR-RFLP utilizando as enzimas HinfI e HaeIII para os genes CSN3 e β-LG, respectivamente. Os resultados estatísticos revelaram dois alelos A e B para ambos os genes. Os genotipos e alelos mais frequentes para os genes CSN3 e β-LG foram respectivamente: AA (0,7324) e A (0,8558) e AB (0,4827) e A (0,5017). O teste x2 revelou que os dois loci estavam em equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (p <0,001). Os efeitos de substituiçao alélica para as variantes nao foram significativos para as características 305 MY e PTA para 305MY (p> 0,05). Portanto, as variantes alélicas identificadas nos genes β-LG e CSN3 devem ser mais investigadas antes de serem incluidas nos programas de melhoramento desenhados para bovinos leiteiros Girolando objetivando melhorar as características do leite analisadas no presente estudo.

SUMMARY In dairy farm animals, one the most important goal of the selection is the improvement of milk yield and composition. Several studies have demonstrated that the candidate genes of the kappa-casein (CSN3) and β - lactoglobulin (β-LG) are associated with milk yield, milk quality and health traits in dairy animals. Therefore the aim of this study was to detect polymorphisms in CSN3 and β-LG genes and its association with milk yield in up to 305 days (305MY) and predicted transmission capacity (PTA) for 305MY in Girolando cattle. Totally, 138 bulls and 729 cows (n=867) were sampled. The genotypes of both genes were obtained by the PCR-RFLP method using HinfI and HaeIII enzymes for CSN3 and β-LG genes, respectively. Statistical results revealed two alleles A and B for both genes. The genotypes and alleles more frequents for CSN3 and β-LG genes were respectively: AA (0.7324) and A (0.8558), and AB (0.4827) and A (0.5017). The x2 test revealed that the two loci were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.001). The allele substitution effects for the variants were not significant on 305MY and PTA for 305MY (p>0.05). The allele variants of β-LG and CSN3 might be more investigated before include them into future breeding schemes designed for Girolando dairy cattle with objective of improving milk traits as milk yield in up to 305 days (305MY) and predicted transmission capacity (PTA) for 305MY..

RESUMO Para investigar a relação entre contagens de células somáticas (CCS) e características atualmente selecionadas (produção de leite, gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais e sólidos não gordurosos) em vacas leiteiras holandesas em clima semiárido brasileiro, foram coletados dados de 272 vacas de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro 2016. As fazendas foram localizadas na região Agreste do estado de Pernambuco, cujas características climáticas, de acordo com o Instituto Nacional de meteorologia-INMET, foram: temperatura média anual de 25,21°C; precipitação média anual de 562,07 mm e umidade relativa média anual de 75,61%. Foi analisado um total de 4.586 registros de contagens de células somáticas (CCS) no leite, produção de leite e componentes lácteos. A CCS foi transformada logaritmicamente em ECS ECS = log 2 ( CCS / 100 . 000 ) + 3 ) . Dez ECS foram obtidos para determinar seus efeitos sobre a produção e composição do leite. Os dados foram processados usando os comandos PROC GLM e PROC CORR do SAS. Os resultados mostraram correlações positivas entre ECS e gordura, proteína, sólidos totais e teores de sólidos não gordurosos, enquanto o ECS e o teor de lactose e o rendimento do leite foram correlacionados negativamente. A maior produção de leite (34,43 kg/vaca/dia) foi obtida para o menor ECS (0; 0 a 24 células x 1000/mL). A produção de leite e a lactose diminuíram quando os percentuais de proteína e gordura aumentaram, principalmente quando o ECS foi acima de cinco. O aumento da ECS influenciou negativamente a produção e a composição do leite em vacas de holandesas criadas no clima semiárido brasileiro.

SUMMARY This study aimed to investigate the relationship among somatic cell scores (SCS) and currently selected traits (milk yield, and fat, protein, lactose, total solids and no-fat-solids contents) in Holstein dairy cows in a semi-arid climate. The data were collected from available records of 272 Holstein cows from January 2007 to December 2016. Farms were located in Agreste region of Pernambuco whose climatic characteristics according to Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia-INMET were: average annual temperature of 25.21 °C; average annual precipitation 562.07 mm, and average annual relative humidity 75.61%.. A total of 4,586 records of somatic cell counts (SCC) in the milk, milk yield and milk components was analyzed. The SCC was transformed logarithmically into SCS SCS = log 2 ( SCC / 100 , 000 ) + 3 ) before statistical investigation. Ten SCS were obtained for determining their effects on milk yield and composition. Data were processed using PROC GLM and PROC CORR procedures in SAS. Results showed positive correlations among SCS and fat, protein, total solids and solids-non-fat contents, while the SCS and lactose content and milk yield were negatively correlated. The highest milk yield (34.43 kg/cow/day) was obtained for the lowest SCS (0; 0 to 24 cells x 1000/mL). The milk yield and lactose decreased while protein and fat contents increased when SCS increased mostly above score five (400 to 799 cells x 1000/mL). It was observed that the increase in SCS influenced negatively milk yield and composition in Holstein cows created in the semi-arid climate in Brazil.

Resumo: Esta revisão é uma crítica a origem e inserção dos sistemas de produção agrícola e o desenvolvimento local. Conclui-se que esses vieram suprir exigências socioeconômicas e ambientais. A agricultura convencional supri as necessidades por alimentos, mas enfrenta sérios problemas socioambientais. A agricultura de precisão, mais racional, é inviável para pequenos produtores. A agricultura orgânica, mais sustentável, não compete, em produção, com a convencional.

Abstract: This review criticizes the origin and insertion of agricultural production systems and local development. It is concluded that these have met socioeconomic and environmental requirements. Conventional agriculture supplies food needs, but faces serious socio-environmental problems. Precision agriculture, more rational, is not feasible for small producers. Organic agriculture, which is more sustainable, does not compete with conventional production.

Resumen: Esta revisión es una crítica del origen y inserción del sistemas de producción agrícola y el desarrollo local. Se concluye que estos vienen cumplir con requisitos socioeconómicos y ambientales. La agricultura convencional satisfecho las necesidades de alimentación, pero se enfrenta a graves problemas ambientales. La agricultura de precisión, más racional, no es práctico para los pequeños agricultores. La agricultura orgánica más sostenible, no compete, en la producion, con la convencional.

Résumé: Cet avis est une critique de l'origine et l'insertion de la production agricole et les systèmes de développement local. Il est conclu que ceux-ci viennent répondre aux besoins socio-économiques et environnementaux. L'agriculture conventionnelle fournir dos besoins alimentaires, mais fait face à de graves problèmes environnementaux. L'agriculture de précision, plus rationnelle, il est impossible pour les petits agriculteurs. L'agriculture biologique plus durable, il est dans la production, avec le classique.

ResumenLos insecticidas de plantas han sido estudiados como una alternativa en la producción agrícola y el control de vectores de enfermedades humanas. El uso de insecticidas botánicos puede causar mortalidad en diferentes etapas, crecimiento lento, adultos infértiles y disminución en la viabilidad de huevos de insectos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el potencial insecticida del extracto de etanol de Baccharis dracunculifolia DC, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Noctuidae) y Aedes aegypti L., 1762 (Culicidae). Se recogió el material botánico y preparó el 8 de febrero 2011 en la Hacienda Escola Tres Barras. (20°33’37.44043” S - 54°32’10.3824” W), Campo Grande, MS. El extracto de etanol se preparó a partir de hojas secas obtenidas de plantas adultas en estado vegetativo en el Laboratorio de Química de la Universidad Anhanguera -Uniderp.Los experimentos de actividades biológicas se llevaron a cabo en el Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad Católica Don Bosco, en un ambiente controlado con una temperatura media de 25 °C y fotoperiodo de 12 hr. Los experimentos con S. frugiperda se llevaron a cabo de agosto a octubre 2014. La colección de huevos de A. aegypti se hizo en enero 2014 y los tratamientos se realizaron del 10 al 17 marzo 2014. En el desarrollo de S. frugiperda el extracto causa efecto sobre orugas sometidas a tratamiento de uno y 10 días. La etapa larval resultó ser más larga en ambas edades y el peso de la pupa se redujo a los 10 días; también, hubo aumento de la mortalidad en larvas de un día, cuando se incorporó la concentración 0.2 % en la dieta. Las variables estudiadas fueron la mortalidad, la duración de las larvas, el peso de las pupas, y el número y viabilidad de los huevos. El bioensayo utilizó A. aedes en tercer instar, y 25 larvas por concentración, en cuatro repeticiones. Los parámetros analizados para las dosis sub-letal fueran las pupa y larva, mortalidad, duración de las larvas y jóvenes (+ larva pupa) en el extracto de etanol a concentraciones de 0.5 mg.mL-1 y 0.25 mg.mL-1. El extracto resultó en efecto perjudicial sobre el desarrollo de las orugas de uno y 10 días de edad, sometidas a los tratamientos, prolongación de la fase larvaria, menor peso de pupa en las orugas de 10 días y una mayor mortalidad en el grupo con un día de vida. No hubo interferencia con la viabilidad de los huevos. En el ciclo de vida de A. aegypti, el extracto de B. dracuncufolia en las concentraciones del estudio, causó retraso en el desarrollo de las etapas de larva y pupa, y se inhibió la emergencia de los adultos en un 85 % y el 70 %. En condiciones de laboratorio, se puede decir que el extracto de etanol de B. dracunculifolia tiene potencial insecticida para ambas especies de insectos.

AbstractInsecticides from plants have been studied as an alternative in agricultural production and in vector control of human diseases. The use of botanical insecticides may cause mortality in different stages, slow growth, infertile adults and decrease in viability of insect eggs. This study aimed to analyze the insecticidal potential of ethanol extract of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC, on Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Noctuidae) and Aedes aegypti L., 1762 (Culicidae). The botanical material was collected and prepared on February 8th, 2011 on the Fazenda Escola Três Barras (20°33’37.44043” S - 54°32’10.3824” W), Campo Grande, MS. The ethanol extract was prepared from dried leaves obtained of adult plants in a vegetative state at the Chemistry Laboratory of Anhanguera University-Uniderp. The experiments of biological activities were conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of the Catholic University Don Bosco, in a controlled environment with an average temperature of 25 ºC and photoperiod 12 hr. Experiments with S. frugiperda were conducted from August to October 2014. The collection of A. aegypti eggs was made in January 2014 and the treatments were done from March 10th to 17th, 2014. In the development of S. frugiperda the extract caused effect on caterpillars subjected to treatment at one and 10 days. The larval stage proved to be longer at both ages and pupal weight reduced at 10 days, as well as increased mortality at one day, when incorporated concentration 0.2 % into diet. The variables studied were mortality, larval duration, pupal weight, number and viability of the eggs. The bioassay used A. aedes third instar, 25 larvae per concentration, at four replicates. Parameters analysed for sublethal doses were pupal and larval, mortality, length larval and young (larva + pupa) the ethanol extract at concentrations 0.5 mg.mL-1 and 0.25 mg.mL-1. The extract resulted in deleterious effect on the development of caterpillars undergoing treatment in larvae of one and 10 days of age, the larval stage stretching, lower pupal weight in caterpillars 10 days and higher mortality in the group with one day of life. It did not interfere with the viability of eggs. In the life cycle of A. aegypti, the extract of B. dracuncufolia at the studied concentrations caused delay in the development of larval and pupal stages, and inhibited the emergence of adults in 85 % and 70 %. In laboratory conditions it can be said that the ethanol extract of B. dracunculifolia has a potential insecticide effect for both species of insects.

Researches on genetic relationships among water buffalo populations are useful in supporting conservation decisions and designing of breeding schemes. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic relationships among Cuban Buffalypso/Carabao hybrids and Murrah and Jaffarabadi Brazilian buffaloes using nine cattle microsatellite markers. During the analysis, four loci were excluded due to the presence of null alleles, stuttering and gametic disequilibrium. Mean numbers of alleles and the heterozygosities observed and expected in the three populations were not significantly different. Heterozygosities found were above 60%. All five loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Wright´s index for estimating inbreeding were negative in the three populations. A moderate population differentiation was found among Cuban and Brazilian populations. The AMOVA showed that only 8.3% of the total variation observed occurred among breeds (P<0.05). The multivariate factorial correspondence analysis showed low breed-specific clustering and most of Murrah and Jaffarabadi Brazilian animals plotted overlapping. UPGMA dendrogram obtained from Nei's D A genetic distance differentiated two clusters, one grouped Cuban buffaloes (bootstrap value 89%), and the other included the Brazilian populations (bootstrap value 100%). Bayesian clustering approach reinforced the previous results. The origin of Buffalypso breed and its genetic management in Cuba could be the reason to the moderate differentiation between Cuban and Brazilian populations. This study provided a preliminary analysis on genetic relationships between Cuban and Brazilian buffaloes. The research must be extended to include a higher number of microsatellite loci and buffalo populations from other geographical regions of each country.

Las investigaciones sobre relaciones genéticas entre poblaciones de búfalos de agua son fundamentales para las decisiones relacionadas con la conservación y el diseño de esquemas de mejora. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar las relaciones genéticas entre búfalos de Cuba y de Brasil a través de nueve marcadores microsatélites. Se excluyeron del análisis cuatro loci por presencia de alelos nulos, posibles errores de lectura por tartamudeo de las bandas y desequilibrio gamético. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las medias del número de alelos y las heterocigosidades observadas y esperadas en las tres poblaciones. Los niveles de heterocigosidad encontrados están por encima del 60%. Los cinco loci se hallaban en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. El índice de Wright para estimar la endogamia de la población fue negativo en las tres. Se estimó una diferenciación moderada entre las poblaciones de búfalos de Cuba y de Brasil. El AMOVA mostró que solo el 8.3% de la variación total observada estaba entre las razas. En el análisis factorial de correspondencia se observó una baja especificidad en el agrupamiento en razas y una ubicación sobrelapada de la mayoría de los animales brasileños. El dendograma UPGMA, a partir de la distancia genética de Nei (D A), mostró dos grupos: uno agrupó a los búfalos cubanos y el otro incluyó a las poblaciones brasileñas. El agrupamiento por métodos bayesianos reforzó los resultados previos. El origen de la raza Buffalypso y su manejo genético en Cuba pueden ser las razones de la moderada diferenciación entre las poblaciones de búfalos de Cuba y de Brasil. Estos resultados constituyen un análisis preliminar de las relaciones genéticas entre búfalos de Cuba y de Brasil. La investigación debe ser ampliada para analizar un mayor número de loci microsatélite, así como para incluir más poblaciones de otras regiones geográficas en cada país.

Esta pesquisa investigou quatro fatores ligados à insustentabilidade social no meio rural, segurança alimentar, saúde, educação e lazer. O local estudado foi o assentamento Padre Josimo Tavares, São José do Povo, MT. Os resultados mostraram que a segurança alimentar foi considerada favorável, embora tenda a piorar com o aumento de idade dos entrevistados. Os demais fatores mostraram-se mais frágeis, levando a considerar que não havia condições propícias para Desenvolvimento Sustentável na época analisada.

These reach investigated four factors linked to social unsustainability in rural areas, food security, health, education and leisure. These settlement studied was located at the Padre Josimo Tavares, São José do Povo, MT. The results showed that food safety may be considered as favorable, although tend to be worsening with the age increasing of the interviewed. The other factors were more fragile, leading to consider that there were no conditions to sustainable developmental in the time analyzed.

Se investigó cuatro factores vinculados a la insostenibilidad social en las zonas rurales, seguridad alimentaria, salud, educación y ocio. El estudio fue en el asentamiento Padre Josimo Tavares, São José do Povo, MT. Los resultados mostraron condiciones favorables a la seguridad alimentaria, pero que tiende a empeorar con la edad de los encuestados. Los otros factores fueran aunque más frágiles. La conclusión fue de que no existían las condiciones propicias para el desarrollo sostenibles en la época.

La recherche a étudié quatre facteurs liés à la non durabilité sociale dans les zones rurales, la sécurité alimentaire, la santé, l’éducation et loisir. Le locale étudié est Padre Josimo Tavares, São José do Povo, MT. Les résultats ont montré que la sécurité alimentaire pout étre considéré comme favorable, avec la tendance à s’aggraver avec augmentation de l’âgedes répondants. Les autresfacteurs étaient plusfragile, conduisant à qu’il n’y avait pas de conditions propices au développement durable à la epoque analysé.

Professores de ciências são os principais profissionais nas escolas dedicados a temas de saúde, mas projetos de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) são planejados principalmente por profissionais de saúde, em especial, por nutricionistas. O objetivo deste estudo foi construir uma aproximação transdisciplinar entre campos de pesquisa científica e campos de prática, a partir da análise de um estudo de caso integrado realizado em escolas brasileiras. Em 2011, foram realizados 10 dias de observação em seis escolas de cinco cidades. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com diversos atores sociais e os dados analizados a partir da teoria do pensamento complexo e da metodologia da bricolagem em pesquisa. O cultivo de hortas, ou projetos que visavam a bons hábitos nas refeições, foram identificados nas escolas. Os resultados descrevem abordagens educativas utilizadas por professores de ciências para incluir EAN nas atividades escolares, mesmo quando não estão previstas no currículo formal. Profissionais de saúde podem identificar propostas de educação em saúde nas escolas que partam de atividades já realizadas por professores de ciências. As iniciativas bem sucedidas envolveram também profissionais com o conhecimento prático e a experiência de vida.

Science teachers are the main professionals in schools who address health-related subjects, though food and nutrition education (FNE) projects are mainly planned by health professionals, especially nutritionists. The objective of this study is to create a transdisciplinary approximation between scientific research fields and practical fields from the analysis of an integrated case study conducted in Brazilian schools. In 2011, 10 days of observation were programmed in six schools in five cities. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with different social actors and data was analyzed using the complex thinking theory and the bricolage method of educational research. Planting of vegetable gardens or projects to improve table manners during mealtimes were identified in the schools. The results describe educational approaches used by science teachers to include FNE in school activities, even when not described in the official curriculum. Health professionals can identify actions to support health education in schools starting with that already undertaken by science teachers. The successful initiatives also involved professionals with practical knowledge and experience of life.

Professores de ciências são os principais profissionais nas escolas dedicados a temas de saúde, mas projetos de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) são planejados principalmente por profissionais de saúde, em especial, por nutricionistas. O objetivo deste estudo foi construir uma aproximação transdisciplinar entre campos de pesquisa científica e campos de prática, a partir da análise de um estudo de caso integrado realizado em escolas brasileiras. Em 2011, foram realizados 10 dias de observação em seis escolas de cinco cidades. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com diversos atores sociais e os dados analizados a partir da teoria do pensamento complexo e da metodologia da bricolagem em pesquisa. O cultivo de hortas, ou projetos que visavam a bons hábitos nas refeições, foram identificados nas escolas. Os resultados descrevem abordagens educativas utilizadas por professores de ciências para incluir EAN nas atividades escolares, mesmo quando não estão previstas no currículo formal. Profissionais de saúde podem identificar propostas de educação em saúde nas escolas que partam de atividades já realizadas por professores de ciências. As iniciativas bem sucedidas envolveram também profissionais com o conhecimento prático e a experiência de vida.

Science teachers are the main professionals in schools who address health-related subjects, though food and nutrition education (FNE) projects are mainly planned by health professionals, especially nutritionists. The objective of this study is to create a transdisciplinary approximation between scientific research fields and practical fields from the analysis of an integrated case study conducted in Brazilian schools. In 2011, 10 days of observation were programmed in six schools in five cities. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with different social actors and data was analyzed using the complex thinking theory and the bricolage method of educational research. Planting of vegetable gardens or projects to improve table manners during mealtimes were identified in the schools. The results describe educational approaches used by science teachers to include FNE in school activities, even when not described in the official curriculum. Health professionals can identify actions to support health education in schools starting with that already undertaken by science teachers. The successful initiatives also involved professionals with practical knowledge and experience of life.

Brazilian goats are generally kept in small herds and extensive rearing systems, mainly in the northeastern region of the country. Despite production improvement in recent years, the lack of pedigree control has affected genetic progress. This study aimed to validate a panel of 16 microsatellites for parentage testing in locally adapted and commercial goats breeds raised in Brazil, as well as to compare its efficiency with the panel recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supplies (MAPA) in 2004. The number of alleles and expected heterozygosity (He) per marker ranged from four to 18, and from 0.051 to 0.831, respectively. Using all markers, 100% of parentage cases of the validation dataset were resolved with a strict confidence level of 95%. The 16 microsatellites panel showed adequate exclusion power (99.99%) and identity accuracy (99.99%). Suggestions for improvement of the marker panel endorsed by MAPA are provided.