Resumo: Introdução: A morte faz parte dos tabus sociais existentes e pode fomentar atitudes que se distanciam de sua abordagem explícita em relação aos cuidados. Objetivo: analisar as atitudes diante da morte em profissionais de enfermagem de acordo com as publicações científicas no contexto latino-americano no período de 2018 a 2022. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa de publicações científicas latino-americanas sobre atitudes diante da morte no contexto da enfermagem, utilizando os seguintes termos padronizados: atitude, morte, enfermagem e cuidados de enfermagem. Foram incluídos 8 artigos publicados no período definido, em espanhol e português, nos quais o tema da revisão foi abordado explicitamente. As informações dos artigos foram analisadas tendo como referência os conceitos da teoria das transições. Resultados: Foram identificados desenhos quantitativos (50 %) e qualitativos (50 %), elaborados totalmente no âmbito hospitalar. Os principais resultados mostram a predominância da indiferença diante da morte no contexto do cuidado. Em relação à teoria das transições, a maioria dos artigos aborda as condições em que as transições ocorrem, além dos conceitos de terapêutica de enfermagem e padrões de resposta. Conclusões: A produção de pesquisas sobre atitudes diante da morte em profissionais de enfermagem é escassa na América Latina. As experiências de perdas próximas, a capacitação e o apoio institucional são a base para contribuir para uma melhor atitude em relação à morte

Abstract: Introduction: Death is part of the existing social taboos and can foster attitudes that are far from its explicit approach in relation to care. Objective: To analyze attitudes towards death in nursing professionals according to scientific publications in the Latin American context in the period 2018 to 2022. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted of Latin American scientific publications regarding attitudes towards death in the context of Nursing, using the following standardized terms: attitude, death, nursing and nursing care. Eight articles published in the defined period were included, in Spanish and Portuguese, in which the subject of the review was explicitly addressed. The information in the articles was analyzed using the concepts of the theory of transitions as a reference. Results: Both quantitative (50 %) and qualitative (50 %) designs were found, all of them elaborated in the hospital setting. The main results show the predominance of indifference to death in the context of care. In relation to the theory of transitions, most of the articles address the conditions under which these occur, in addition to the concepts of nursing therapeutics and response patterns. Conclusions: The production of research on the attitude towards death in nursing professionals is scarce in Latin America. Experiences of close losses, training and institutional support are the basis for contributing to a better attitude towards death

Resumen: Introducción: La muerte es parte de los tabúes sociales existentes y puede fomentar actitudes que distan de su abordaje explícito en relación con los cuidados. Objetivo: Analizar las actitudes ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería de acuerdo con las publicaciones científicas en el contexto latinoamericano en el período 2018 a 2022. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de literatura integrativa de las publicaciones científicas latinoamericanas respecto de las actitudes ante la muerte en el contexto de la enfermería, empleando los siguientes términos estandarizados: actitud, muerte, enfermería y cuidados de enfermería. Se incluyeron 8 artículos publicados en el período definido, en idioma español y portugués, en los que se abordó explícitamente la temática de la revisión. La información de los artículos fue analizada tomando como referencia los conceptos de la teoría de las transiciones. Resultados: Se encontraron diseños tanto cuantitativos (50 %) como cualitativos (50 %), elaborados en su totalidad en el ámbito hospitalario. Los principales resultados dan cuenta del predominio de la indiferencia ante la muerte en el contexto de los cuidados. En relación con la teoría de las transiciones, la mayoría de los artículos abordan las condiciones en que estas se dan, además de los conceptos de terapéutica de enfermería y patrones de respuesta. Conclusiones: La producción de investigaciones sobre la actitud ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería es escasa en Latinoamérica. Las experiencias de pérdidas cercanas, la capacitación y el soporte institucional son la base para contribuir a una mejor actitud hacia la muerte

RESUMO Travestis e mulheres transexuais têm suas vulnerabilidades aumentadas quando em situação de prisão, onde sofrem constantes violações de direitos básicos à vida. O estudo analisou a utilização e as formas de obtenção das tecnologias materiais de gênero dessa população no sistema penitenciário do Rio de Janeiro. Realizou-se uma pesquisa censitária com 138 entrevistadas, entre abril e junho de 2021. Os resultados revelaram percentuais elevados de jovens adultas, pretas, pardas e com baixa escolaridade. Apesar das dificuldades para a obtenção e a utilização dessas tecnologias, desvelou-se um cenário melhor quando comparado com outros estudos nacionais. prisão vida Janeiro Realizouse Realizou se 13 entrevistadas 2021 adultas pretas escolaridade desvelouse desvelou nacionais 1 202 20 2

ABSTRACT Travestis and transgender women have increased vulnerabilities when in prison, where they face constant violations of their basic rights to life. The study analyzed the use and ways of obtaining material gender technologies for this population in the prison system of Rio de Janeiro. A census survey was carried out with 138 interviewees, between April and June 2021. The results revealed high percentages of young adults, black, of mixed race, and with low education. Despite the difficulties in obtaining and using these technologies, a better scenario was revealed when compared with other national studies. life Janeiro 13 interviewees 2021 adults black race education studies 1 202 20 2

RESUMEN La densidad de plantas influye directamente en el crecimiento, desarrollo y productividad de plantas de sésamo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes densidades de siembra del sésamo negro sobre sus parámetros agronómicos. El trabajo fue realizado en el periodo 2020-2021, en la localidad de Monte Grande, San Pedro del Paraná, Itapúa-Paraguay. Los tratamientos fueron: (D50) con 50.000; (D75) 75.000; (D100) 100.000; (D125) 125.000; (D150) 150.000 y (D175) 175.000 plantas ha-1 respectivamente, dispuestos en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Fueron evaluadas la altura de planta, número de ramas por planta, número de cápsulas por planta, número de granos cápsula, peso de mil granos y rendimiento de granos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos a Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) y comparados por Test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error. La densidad de siembra influyó significativamente sobre el número de ramas y cápsulas por planta, peso de mil granos y rendimiento de grano. El tratamiento D50 obtuvo mayor número de ramas (3,2 uds.), y de cápsulas por planta (124,2 uds.), y peso de mil granos (2,8 g). Sin embargo, el tratamiento D100 presentó el mayor rendimiento de grano (1.079 kg ha-1). La densidad de siembra más adecuada del sésamo negro fue de 100.000 plantas ha-1, para las condiciones edafoclimáticas de la Región Sur del país.

ABSTRACT The plant density can influence the growth, development, and productivity of sesame. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different planting densities of black sesame on its agronomic parameters. The study was conducted during the period 2020-2021, in the locality of Monte Grande, San Pedro del Paraná, Itapúa-Paraguay. The treatments were: (D50) with 50.000; (D75) 75.000; (D100) 100.000; (D125) 125.000; (D150) 150.000; and (D175) 175.000 plants ha-1 respectively, arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Plant height, number of branches plant-1, capsules plant-1, grains capsule-1, thousand grain weight, and grain yield were evaluated. The results were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and compared by Tukey's test at a 5% probability of error. Planting density significantly influenced the number of branches plant-1, capsules plant-1, thousand grain weight, and grain yield. Treatment D50 obtained the highest number of branches plant-1 (3,2 units), capsules plant-1 (124,2 units), and thousand grain weight (2,8 g). However, treatment D100 showed the highest grain yield (1.079 kg ha-1). The most suitable planting density for black sesame was 100.000 plants ha-1, for the soil and climatic conditions of the Southern Region of the country.

This research objective is to analyze educational inequalities across Brazilian major regions and municipalities according to the results of the Basic Education Development Index (Ideb) conditioned by funding from the Basic Education Maintenance and Development Fund (Fundeb). The main research hypothesis is that the result of educational funding policy is influenced by institutional quality. The analysis employed a conditional income convergence model adapted for the Ideb’s initial years of Basic Education. The relationship between educational funding and the growth of Ideb was estimated using Two-Stage Least Squares (MQ2E) to instrumentalize Fundeb through variables of the quality of municipal institutions. The research results confirm the hypothesis that institutional quality is statistically relevant to explain the growth of Ideb and its inequalities. With this endogenous specification, the effect of funding on Ideb is strongly increased, which demonstrates the importance of valuing teachers and improving institutions for the development of Basic Education.

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las desigualdades educativas en grandes regiones y municipios brasileños según los resultados del Índice de Desarrollo de la Educación Básica (Ideb) condicionado al financiamiento del Fondo de Mantenimiento y Desarrollo de la Educación Básica (Fundeb). La principal hipótesis de la investigación es que el resultado de la política de financiamiento educativo está influenciado por la calidad institucional. Para ello se utilizó un modelo de convergencia de ingresos condicional adaptado para el Ideb para los primeros años de Educación Básica. La relación entre el financiamiento educativo y el crecimiento del Ideb se estimó utilizando Mínimos Cuadrados de Dos Etapas (MQ2E), para instrumentar el Fundeb a través de variables de calidad de las instituciones municipales. Los resultados de la investigación confirman la hipótesis de que la calidad institucional es estadísticamente relevante para explicar el crecimiento del Ideb y sus desigualdades. Con esta especificación endógena, el efecto del financiamiento sobre el Ideb se incrementa fuertemente, demostrando la importancia de valorar a los docentes y mejorar las instituciones para el desarrollo de la Educación Básica.

O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em analisar as desigualdades educacionais por grandes regiões e municípios brasileiros segundo os resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb) condicionado ao financiamento do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Fundeb). A principal hipótese de investigação é de que o resultado da política de financiamento educacional seja influenciado pela qualidade institucional. Para isso, foi empregado um modelo de convergência condicional de renda adaptado para o Ideb dos anos iniciais da Educação Básica. A relação do financiamento educacional com o crescimento do Ideb foi estimada por Mínimos Quadrados em Dois Estágios (MQ2E), para instrumentalizar o Fundeb através de variáveis da qualidade das instituições municipais. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmam a hipótese de que a qualidade institucional é estatisticamente relevante para explicar o crescimento do Ideb e as suas desigualdades. Com essa especificação endógena, o efeito do financiamento sobre o Ideb é fortemente aumentado, demonstrando a importância da valorização docente e do aprimoramento das instituições para o desenvolvimento da Educação Básica. 

RESUMEN La educación fiscal, al orientar sus esfuerzos hacia la inculcación de valores y cualidades que fomenten la responsabilidad tributaria y desalienten las prácticas evasoras, se revela como un componente esencial para la transformación positiva de la percepción ciudadana hacia sus obligaciones tributarias. En este sentido, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la educación fiscal en países latinoamericanos, centrándose en la recaudación tributaria, la disminución de la evasión y el nivel de cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales. Para lograrlo, se empleó un enfoque mixto. Los resultados obtenidos indican la necesidad de alejarse del enfoque tradicional centrado en sanciones, sugiriendo la adopción de un enfoque más educativo y participativo. Estrategias concretas, como la colaboración activa con instituciones educativas y la promoción de la cultura tributaria desde las etapas formativas tempranas, evidencian un compromiso palpable con la transformación cultural hacia una sociedad más consciente y responsable en materia fiscal.

ABSTRACT Tax education, by directing its efforts towards the inculcation of values and attitudes that promote fiscal responsibility and discourage evasion practices, is an essential component for the positive transformation of citizens' perception of their tax obligations. In this sense, the objective of this research is to analyze the impact of tax education in Latin American countries, focusing on tax collection, the reduction of tax evasion and the level of compliance with tax obligations. To achieve this, a mixed approach was used. The results obtained indicate the need to move away from the traditional approach focused on sanctions, suggesting the adoption of a more educational and participatory approach. Concrete strategies, such as active collaboration with educational institutions and the promotion of tax culture from the early formative stages, evidence a palpable commitment to cultural transformation towards a more tax conscious and responsible society.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) sobre los parámetros cardiometabólicos, fitness cardiorrespiratorio y recopilar los tipos de HIIT más utilizados en el entrenamiento en adultos con lesión medular (LME). Métodos: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, para lo cual se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas PubMed/Medline, Science Direct y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios que I) necesitaban aplicar entrenamiento HIIT en II) adultos con SCI y analizar III) aspectos cardiometabólicos y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Dos revisores independientes seleccionaron los artículos para su inclusión, extrajeron sus datos y evaluaron su calidad metodológica. Resultados: De los 654 estudios encontrados, se analizaron 12 estudios, 11 pre y post intervención y 1 grupo control (GC) con un total de 106 participantes. Los resultados previos y posteriores a la intervención HIIT revelaron una mejora significativa en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y los aspectos cardiometabólicos (VO2pico, LDH, HDL, resistencia a la insulina). Los resultados de GC revelaron una mejora significativa en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria observada del grupo de intervención (HIIT) en comparación con el grupo de intensidad moderada-baja (GC). Siete estudios utilizaron el ergómetro de brazo como la modalidad principal de ejercicio. Dos estudios describieron la estimulación eléctrica funcional (EEF) realizada con el ergómetro de brazo más la estimulación eléctrica en los miembros inferiores. Ninguno informó la dinámica de la frecuencia cardíaca durante el período de estudio. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento intervalos de alta intensidad mejora la condición física y la salud cardiometabólica en adultos con LME. Evidencia de nivel II; Revisión sistemática de estudios de nivel II. Objetivo (HIIT LME . (LME) Métodos PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Scholar I II III inclusión metodológica Resultados 65 encontrados (GC 10 participantes VO2pico, VO2pico VOpico VO pico (VO2pico LDH HDL insulina. insulina insulina) moderadabaja moderada baja GC. ejercicio EEF (EEF inferiores estudio Conclusiones (LME 6

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness to compile the most used HIIT training types in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: This is a systematic review of searches performed in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Studies included I) needed to apply HIIT training II) adults with SCI to analyze III) cardiometabolic aspects and cardiorespiratory fitness. Two independent reviewers selected the articles for inclusion, extracted their data, and assessed their methodological quality. Results: 654 studies were found. Thus, 12 studies, 11 pre- and post-intervention, and one control group (CG) with 106 participants were analyzed. Pre- and post-HIITT intervention results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic aspects (VO2peak, LDH, HDL, insulin resistance). In addition, GC results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness observed in the intervention group (HIIT) compared to the moderate-low intensity (GC) group. Seven studies used the arm ergometer as the primary exercise modality. Two studies described functional electrical stimulation (FES) performed with the arm ergometer plus electrical stimulation in the lower limbs. None reported heart rate dynamics during the study period. Conclusion: High-intensity interval training improves physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in adults with SCI. Evidence level II; Systematic Review of level II studies. Objective highintensity high (HIIT parameters . (SCI) Methods Medline Direct Scholar I III inclusion data quality Results 65 found Thus 1 pre postintervention, postintervention post intervention, post-intervention CG (CG 10 analyzed Pre postHIITT HIITT VO2peak, VO2peak VOpeak VO peak (VO2peak LDH HDL resistance. resistance resistance) addition moderatelow moderate low (GC modality FES (FES limbs period Conclusion Highintensity High (SCI 6

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) nos parâmetros cardiometabólicos, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e compilar os tipos de HIIT mais utilizados no treinamento em adultos com lesão da medula espinhal (LME). Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática, para a qual foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed / Medline, Science Direct e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos em que I) o treinamento HIIT era aplicado em II) adultos com LME e analisaram III) os aspectos cardiometabólicos e aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Dois revisores independentes selecionaram os artigos para a inclusão, extraindo seus dados e avaliarando a sua qualidade metodológica. Resultados: 654 estudos foram encontrados. Desses, 12 estudos, 11 pré e pós intervenção e 1 grupo controle (GC) com um total de 106 participantes foram analisados. Resultados pré e pós intervenção de HIIT revelaram significante melhora na aptidão cardiorrespiratória e aspectos cardiometabólicos (VO2pico, LDH, HDL, resistência à insulina). Resultados do GC revelaram uma significativa melhoria na aptidão cardiorrespiratória observada no grupo de intervenção (HIIT) em relação ao grupo de intensidade moderada-baixa (GC). Sete estudos usaram o ergômetro de braço como modalidade de exercício primária. Dois estudos descreveram a estimulação elétrica funcional (EEF) realizada com o ergômetro de braço adicionando estimulação elétrica nos membros inferiores. Nenhum relatou a dinâmica da frequência cardíaca durante o período do estudo. Conclusão: O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade melhora a aptidão física e a saúde cardiometabólica em adultos com LME. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemática de Estudos de Nível II. Objetivo (HIIT . (LME) Métodos Tratase Trata se Medline Scholar I II III inclusão metodológica 65 encontrados Desses (GC 10 analisados VO2pico, VO2pico VOpico VO pico (VO2pico LDH HDL insulina. insulina insulina) moderadabaixa moderada baixa GC. primária EEF (EEF inferiores estudo Conclusão (LME 6

RESUMEN El entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) promueve adaptaciones similares y, en algunos casos, superiores al entrenamiento aeróbico continuo de intensidad moderada. En esta condición, tiende a tener una mayor alteración fisiológica y acumulación de metabolitos en comparación con las intensidades submáximas, siendo uno de los principales factores asociados con la respuesta negativa del placer en el entrenamiento. Objetivo: Verificar la relación entre las respuestas fisiológicas y psicofisiológicas para repetir el entrenamiento de dos protocolos HIIT de carga del mismo volumen y diferentes períodos de trabajo en adultos entrenados de ambos sexos. Métodos: En un experimento aleatorizado, la muestra estuvo constituida por 9 individuos de 28±5 años, masa corporal 69,6±14,2 kg, altura 169±0,1cm, IMC 24,1±2,3 kg/m2 y porcentaje de grasa corporal 20,2±7,9% practicantes de ejercicios físicos aeróbicos estructurados durante al menos seis meses. Se realizaron dos protocolos HIIT diferentes en bicicleta estática, siendo protocolo 1: 0,5, con intensidad prescrita (80-90% de la FC MÁXIMA), protocolo 1: 2 con intensidad prescrita (total) con duración total del esfuerzo de 20 minutos e intervalo de al menos 48 horas entre cada sesión. Se analizaron la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial sistémica (PAS), percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (PSE), escala analógica visual (EVA), respuesta afectiva (FS), diversión (PACES) e intención de repetir la sesión. El análisis estadístico utilizado fue ANOVA con post-hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: Los análisis de HR, PAS, EVA, PACES y PSE no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los protocolos de entrenamiento. La respuesta afectiva (FS e intención de repetir) mostró una disminución en el protocolo 1:0,5, pero sin significancia (p>0,05). Conclusión: Los datos permiten concluir que el protocolo 1:2 causó mayores alteraciones fisiológicas durante el esfuerzo y presentó mayor respuesta afectiva positiva e intención de repetir la sesión de ejercicio, variables que pueden contribuir para la adhesión al ejercicio físico. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudios Terapéuticos - Investigación de los Resultados del Tratamiento. (HIIT casos moderada condición submáximas Objetivo sexos Métodos aleatorizado 285 28 5 28± años 696142 69 6 14 69,6±14, kg 16901cm cm 169 0 1cm 169±0,1cm 24123 24 1 3 24,1±2, kgm2 kgm m2 m kg/m 20279 7 20,2±7,9 meses estática 05 0,5 8090% 8090 80 90% 90 (80-90 MÁXIMA, MÁXIMA , MÁXIMA) (total 4 FC, (FC) PAS (PAS) PSE, (PSE) EVA (EVA) FS, FS (FS) (PACES posthoc post hoc p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . (p<0,05) HR 10,5, 105 1:0,5 p>0,05. p>0,05 (p>0,05) Conclusión 12 físico I Tratamiento 69614 69,6±14 16 2412 24,1±2 2027 20,2±7, 0, 809 8 (80-9 (FC (PAS (PSE (EVA p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 10 10,5 1:0, p>0,0 (p>0,05 6961 69,6±1 241 24,1± 202 20,2±7 (80- p0 p<0, (p<0,0 10, 1:0 p>0, (p>0,0 696 69,6± 24,1 20,2± (80 p<0 (p<0, p>0 (p>0, 69,6 24, 20,2 (8 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 69, 20, ( (p< (p> (p

ABSTRACT High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) promotes similar adaptations and in some cases, superior to continuous aerobic training of moderate intensity, even when performed at all-out intensities. In this condition, it tends to have the greatest physiological disturbance and accumulation of metabolites compared to submaximal intensities, being one of the main factors associated with the negative response of pleasure in training. Objective: To verify the relationship between physiological and psychophysiological responses in order to repeat the training of two HIIT protocols of mesm volume load and different periods of work in trained adults of both sexes. Methods: In a randomized experiment, the sample consisted of 9 individuals aged 28±5 years, body mass 69.6±14.2 kg, height 169±0.1cm, BMI 24.1±2.3 kg/m2 and body fat percentage 20.2±7.9% practitioners of structured aerobic physical exercises for at least six months. Two different HIIT protocols were performed on an exercise bike, being (I) protocol 1:0.5, with prescribed intensity (80-90% of MAX HR), (II) protocol 1:2 with prescribed intensity (all-out) with total duration of effort of 20 minutes and interval of at least 48 hours between each session. Heart rate (HR), systemic blood pressure (SBP), subjective perception of exertion (SPE), visual analog scale (VAS), affective response (AR), fun (PACES) and intention to repeat the session were analyzed. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc (p<0.05). Results: The analyses of HR, SBP, VAS, PACES and SPE showed no significant difference between the training protocols. The affective response (AR and intention to repeat) showed a decline in the protocol 1:0.5, but without significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The data allow us to conclude that the 1:2 protocol caused greater physiological disturbances during exertion and presented greater positive affective response and intention to repeat the exercise session, variables that may contribute to adherence to regular physical exercise. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results. (HIIT cases allout all out intensities condition Objective sexes Methods experiment 285 28 5 28± years 696142 69 6 14 2 69.6±14. kg 16901cm cm 169 0 1cm 169±0.1cm 24123 24 1 3 24.1±2. kgm2 kgm m2 m kg/m 20279 7 20.2±7.9 months bike I (I 10.5, 105 0.5, 1:0.5 8090% 8090 80 90% 90 (80-90 HR , HR) II (II 12 1: (all-out 4 (HR) SBP (SBP) SPE, (SPE) VAS (VAS) AR, AR (AR) (PACES analyzed Tukeys Tukey s posthoc post hoc p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 05 (p<0.05) Results p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) Conclusion results 69614 69.6±14 16 2412 24.1±2 2027 20.2±7. 10 10.5 0.5 1:0. 809 8 (80-9 (HR (SBP (SPE (VAS p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 6961 69.6±1 241 24.1± 202 20.2±7 10. 0. 1:0 (80- p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 696 69.6± 24.1 20.2± (80 p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. 69.6 24. 20.2 (8 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 69. 20. ( (p< (p> (p

RESUMO O Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade (HIIT) promove adaptações semelhantes e em alguns casos, superiores ao treinamento aeróbico contínuo de intensidade moderada, mesmo quando executado em intensidades all out. Nesta condição, tende a maior perturbação fisiológica e acúmulo de metabólitos comparado a intensidades submáximas, sendo um dos principais fatores associados a resposta negativa de prazer no treinamento. Objetivo: Verificar qual relação entre respostas fisiológicas e psicofisiológicas na intenção de repetir o treinamento de dois protocolos HIIT de mesmo volume load e distintos períodos de trabalho, em adultos treinados de ambos os sexos. Métodos: Em experimento randomizado, a amostra foi composta por 9 indivíduos com idade entre 28±5 anos, massa corporal 69,6±14,2 kg, estatura 169±0,1cm, IMC 24,1±2,3 kg/m2 e percentual de gordura corporal 20,2±7,9% praticantes de exercícios físicos aeróbicos estruturados por pelo menos seis meses. Realizaram dois diferentes protocolos de HIIT em bicicleta ergométrica, sendo (I) protocolo 1:0,5, com intensidade prescrita (80-90% da FCmáx), (II) protocolo 1:2 com intensidade prescrita (all-out) com duração total de esforço de 20 minutos e intervalo de pelo menos 48 horas entre cada sessão. Foram analisados frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistêmica (PAS), percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), escala visual analógica (EVA), resposta afetiva (FS), divertimento (PACES) e intenção de repetir a sessão. A análise estatística usada foi ANOVA com post-hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: As análises da FC, PAS, EVA, PACES e PSE não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os protocolos de treinamento. As respostas afetivas (FS e intenção de repetir) apresentaram maior declínio no protocolo 1:0,5, porém sem significância (p>0,05). Conclusão: Os dados permitem concluir que o protocolo 1:2 provocou maiores perturbações fisiológicas durante esforço e apresentou maior resposta afetiva positiva e intenção de repetir a sessão de exercício, variáveis que podem vir a contribuir na aderência à prática regular de exercícios físicos. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos terapêuticos – Investigação dos resultados do tratamento. (HIIT casos moderada out condição submáximas Objetivo trabalho sexos Métodos randomizado 285 28 5 28± anos 696142 69 6 14 2 69,6±14, kg 16901cm cm 169 0 1cm 169±0,1cm 24123 24 1 3 24,1±2, kgm2 kgm m2 m kg/m 20279 7 20,2±7,9 meses ergométrica I (I 10,5, 105 0,5, 1:0,5 8090% 8090 80 90% 90 (80-90 FCmáx, FCmáx , FCmáx) II (II 12 1: allout (all-out 4 FC (FC) PAS (PAS) PSE, (PSE) EVA (EVA) FS, FS (FS) (PACES posthoc post hoc p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 05 (p<0,05) Resultados p>0,05. p>0,05 (p>0,05) Conclusão exercício tratamento 69614 69,6±14 16 2412 24,1±2 2027 20,2±7, 10 10,5 0,5 1:0, 809 8 (80-9 (FC (PAS (PSE (EVA p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p>0,0 (p>0,05 6961 69,6±1 241 24,1± 202 20,2±7 10, 0, 1:0 (80- p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p>0, (p>0,0 696 69,6± 24,1 20,2± (80 p<0 (p<0, p>0 (p>0, 69,6 24, 20,2 (8 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 69, 20, ( (p< (p> (p

Abstract Background: The bioactive peptides derived from snake venoms of the Viperidae family species have been promising as therapeutic candidates for neuroprotection due to their ability to prevent neuronal cell loss, injury, and death. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytoprotective effects of a synthetic proline-rich oligopeptide 7a (PRO-7a; <EDGPIPP) from Bothrops jararaca snake, on oxidative stress-induced toxicity in neuronal PC12 cells and astrocyte-like C6 cells. Methods: Both cells were pre-treated for four hours with different concentrations of PRO-7a, submitted to H2O2-induced damage for 20 h, and then the oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Also, two independent neuroprotective mechanisms were investigated: a) L-arginine metabolite generation via argininosuccinate synthetase (AsS) activity regulation to produce agmatine or polyamines with neuroprotective properties; b) M1 mAChR receptor subtype activation pathway to reduce oxidative stress and neuron injury. Results: PRO-7a was not cytoprotective in C6 cells, but potentiated the H2O2-induced damage to cell integrity at a concentration lower than 0.38 μM. However, PRO-7a at 1.56 µM, on the other hand, modified H2O2-induced toxicity in PC12 cells by restoring cell integrity, mitochondrial metabolism, ROS generation, and arginase indirect activity. The α-Methyl-DL-aspartic acid (MDLA) and L-NΩ-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-Name), specific inhibitors of AsS and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyzes the synthesis of polyamines and NO from L-arginine, did not suppress PRO-7a-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative stress. It suggested that its mechanism is independent of the production of L-arginine metabolites with neuroprotective properties by increased AsS activity. On the other hand, the neuroprotective effect of PRO-7a was blocked in the presence of dicyclomine hydrochloride (DCH), an M1 mAChR antagonist. Conclusions: For the first time, this work provides evidence that PRO-7a-induced neuroprotection seems to be mediated through M1 mAChR activation in PC12 cells, which reduces oxidative stress independently of AsS activity and L-arginine bioavailability. Background loss injury death Therefore prolinerich proline rich PRO7a PROa PRO (PRO-7a <EDGPIPP EDGPIPP stressinduced induced PC PC1 astrocytelike astrocyte like C Methods pretreated pre treated PRO7a, 7a, H2O2induced HOinduced H2O2 H O 2 h analyzed Also investigated Larginine L arginine (AsS b M Results 038 0 38 0.3 μM However 156 1 56 1.5 µM hand metabolism αMethylDLaspartic α Methyl DL aspartic MDLA (MDLA LNΩNitroarginine NΩ Nitroarginine LName, LName Name , (L-Name) NOS, NOS (NOS) Larginine, arginine, PRO7amediated PROamediated DCH, DCH (DCH) antagonist Conclusions time PRO7ainduced PROainduced bioavailability HO H2O 03 3 0. 15 5 1. (L-Name (NOS amediated (DCH ainduced

ABSTRACT: It is known that floriculture is very important for the world economic scenario. Nevertheless, the vase life of cut flowers is determined by a short time span. This study evaluated the spectral behavior during leaf degradation of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) flower stems in the postharvest, in different preservative solutions, and estimating its leaf pigments by hyperspectral data. Lisianthus floral stems were subjected to preservative solutions with different concentrations of sucrose, glucose, phytohormones and deionized water. Leaves from these stems were collected every 4 days for further hyperspectral analysis. Spectra was determined in laboratory with a sensor collecting at the range of 350-2500 nm. In order to analyze the use of the spectra to detect the performance of the preservative solutions, statistical tests were used at each wavelength. Pigment prediction was assessed by the CAR/CLF ratio (Ratio between Carotenoids and Chlorophyll) from the spectral curves, using PLSR and RRMSE. The glucose-based solutions registered positive effects on the preservation of floral stems, especially at the dose of 180 g/L. The solutions based on sucrose and phytohormones registered similarities in the spectral curves among the doses, demonstrating equality in leaf preservation. The discriminant analyses demonstrated there was statistical difference in the spectral responses in the doses for each solution used. The CAR/CLF ratio had reasonable coefficients of 0.6 and RRMSE below 6.99%. The hyperspectral analyses presented a potential for the evaluation of leaf degradation in lisianthus floral stems in different pulsing solutions used in the postharvest. ABSTRACT scenario Nevertheless span Eustoma grandiflorum postharvest data glucose water analysis 3502500 350 2500 350-250 nm wavelength CARCLF CAR CLF Ratio Chlorophyll glucosebased 18 gL g L g/L 06 0 6 0. 699 99 6.99% 350250 35 250 350-25 1 69 9 6.99 35025 3 25 350-2 6.9 3502 2 350- 6.

RESUMO: Sabe-se que a floricultura é muito importante para o cenário econômico mundial, porém a vida útil de vaso das flores de corte é determinada por um pequeno intervalo de tempo. O estudo procurou avaliar o comportamento espectral durante a degradação foliar de hastes florais de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) na pós-colheita, em diferentes soluções conservantes, e estimar pigmentos foliares a partir dos dados hiperespectrais. As hastes florais de lisianthus foram submetidas a soluções conservantes de diferentes concentrações de sacarose, glicose, distintos fitormônios e água deionizada. Foram coletadas folhas dessas hastes a cada quatro dias para posterior análise hiperespectral. A fim de analisar o uso dos espectros para detectar o desempenho das soluções conservantes, foi utilizado testes estatísticos em cada comprimento de onda entre estas soluções. Foi avaliado a predição de pigmentos através da razão CAR/CLF (Razão entre Carotenoides e Clorofila) a partir das curvas espectrais, tendo o PLSR e RRMSE como indicadores da eficiência dos resultados. As soluções a base de glicose registraram efeitos positivos na conservação das hastes florais principalmente na dose de 180 g/L. Já as soluções a base de sacarose e fitormônios registraram semelhanças nas curvas espectrais entre as doses, mostrando-se igualdade na conservação das folhas. As análises discriminantes demostraram que houve diferença estatística nas respostas espectrais nas doses para cada solução utilizada. A razão CAR/CLF teve coeficientes razoáveis de 0,6 e RRMSE abaixo de 6,99%. As análises hiperespectrais apresentaram potencial na avaliação da degradação foliar de hastes florais de lisianthus em diferentes soluções pulsing utilizadas na pós-colheita. RESUMO Sabese Sabe se mundial tempo Eustoma grandiflorum póscolheita, póscolheita pós colheita, colheita pós-colheita deionizada hiperespectral CARCLF CAR CLF Razão Clorofila resultados 18 gL g L g/L mostrandose mostrando utilizada 06 0 6 0, 699 99 6,99% póscolheita. colheita. 1 69 9 6,99 6,9 6,

ABSTRACT Plantation forests can be efficient C sinks in biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC), but the latter depends on many factors, including climate. Tropical humid, mountain areas have cooler temperatures, slowing microbial decomposition, and thus can store considerable SOC. However, the effects of forest plantations on SOC of these montane areas are still poorly studied. Here, we aimed to assess changes in SOC, and related soil properties, after conversion of native rainforest to plantations of five tree species, with rotation cycles varying from 7 to 30 years, on the Mantiqueira Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We measured SOC contents and stocks (0.00-0.40 m layer) under a native montane rainforest (control) and plantations of Eucalyptus, Pinus, Cunninghamia, Cupressus and Araucaria, all planted in 3 × 3 m spacing, at an altitude of ca. 1,300 m, marked by humid and cool climate, where SOC contents are naturally high. Soil organic carbon varied from 55 g kg-1 under Eucalyptus to 105 g kg-1 under Araucaria (0.00-0.05 m layer), decreasing in depth (0.20-0.40 m) to the still high values of 20-40 g kg-1. Soil organic carbon stocks for the top 0.20 m were also high, reaching ca. 140 Mg ha-1 under Araucaria, significantly higher value than the native forest (ca. 90 Mg ha-1, p<0.05), which did not differ from the other species. Soil organic carbon stocks were not affected in the 0.20-0.40 m soil layer, whereas soil structure patterns changed under some species, without however resulting in bulk density changes, and pH decreased under Araucaria. Such data showed large SOC stocks under montane native forests can not only be preserved upon conversion to forest plantations, but considerable SOC sequestration can be achieved in 30-years rotation cycles plantations of indigenous Araucaria angustifolia, marked by more open canopies and greater understory biomass. , (SOC) factors climate temperatures decomposition However studied Here properties species years Range Gerais Brazil 0.000.40 000040 0.00 0.40 0 00 40 (0.00-0.4 layer control (control Pinus Cunninghamia spacing ca 1300 1 300 1,30 5 kg1 kg kg- 10 0.000.05 000005 0.05 05 (0.00-0.0 0.200.40 020040 20 (0.20-0.4 2040 20-4 kg1. 1. 020 0.2 14 ha1 ha ha- (ca 9 ha1, 1, p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 p<0.05) 0.20-0.4 30years angustifolia (SOC 000 0.000.4 00004 0.0 040 0.4 4 (0.00-0. 130 1,3 0.000.0 00000 005 200 0.200.4 02004 2 (0.20-0. 204 20- 02 0. p00 p<0.0 0.20-0. 0.000. 0000 04 (0.00-0 13 0.200. 0200 (0.20-0 p0 p<0. 0.20-0 0.000 (0.00- 0.200 (0.20- p<0 0.20- (0.00 (0.20 p< (0.0 (0.2 (0. (0 (

Isoquinoline alkaloids, especially from the Annonaceae family, have shown biological potential against parasites. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of the alkaloid fractions of the plant Fusaea longifolia against Plasmodium falciparum and annotate the compounds present in these samples. The tentative characterization of the alkaloids from the leaves and branches of F. longifolia was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and molecular networks. Through manual interpretation of the MS/MS spectra, 18 alkaloids were dereplicated from F. longifolia, 17 of which were reported for the first time in this species. An unpublished putative glycosylated alkaloid was annotated by interpreting the fragmentation data profile. Regarding biological activity, the fractions studied showed high activity against P. falciparum with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.42 and 1.60 μg mL-1 for branches and from the leaves, respectively, both similar to the reference standard quinine (IC50 of 1.24 μg mL-1). The structures of the 17 alkaloids were subjected to in silico analysis using molecular docking against four enzymes related to anti-Plasmodium activity (wild type (dm-PfDHFR) and mutant type (qm-PfDHFR), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PfPNP)). Molecular docking revealed strong interactions, especially between oxoxylopine 17 and hydroxycassythicine N-oxide 10, which may be potential new sources against P. falciparum. family parasites Thus samples F LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS (LC-MS/MS networks MSMS spectra 1 species profile P halfmaximal half maximal IC50 IC 242 2 42 2.4 160 60 1.6 mL1 mL mL- respectively (IC5 124 24 1.2 mL1. . mL-1) antiPlasmodium anti wild dmPfDHFR dm PfDHFR (dm-PfDHFR qmPfDHFR, qmPfDHFR qm , (qm-PfDHFR) PfDHODH (PfDHODH PfPNP. PfPNP (PfPNP)) interactions Noxide N oxide 10 LCMS IC5 4 2. 16 6 1. (IC 12 (qm-PfDHFR (PfPNP) (PfPNP

ABSTRACT The selection process for instructors at the Brazilian Air Force Officers Improvement School (EAOAR) needs improvement to provide clearer guidance to the Commandant. This article aims to streamline and enhance the process by making it more efficient, less subjective, and more reliable. Researchers employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine criteria weights and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to rank candidates. They used Three Decision Methods (3DM) Software Web (v.1) for efficient calculations. Results showed that candidates closer to the Positive Ideal Solution (PIS) received favorable indications, while those closer to the Negative Ideal Solution (NIS) faced rejections. The AHP-TOPSIS hybrid approach successfully ranked candidates and expedited the process. Moreover, this approach has broader applications, including assessing candidates for international missions in the Brazilian Navy and Army, and evaluating employee performance in any organization. Future research could explore classification methods like the ELECTRE-TRI. EAOAR (EAOAR Commandant subjective reliable AHP (AHP TOPSIS (TOPSIS 3DM DM (3DM v.1 v1 v 1 (v.1 calculations PIS (PIS indications NIS (NIS rejections AHPTOPSIS Moreover applications Army organization ELECTRETRI. ELECTRETRI ELECTRE TRI. TRI ELECTRE-TRI v. (v. (v

ABSTRACT This was the first study conducted on the diversity and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species and quantification of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) fractions, as well as on their relationship with environmental and soil chemical and physical properties along an elevation gradient above 1000 m in a Brazilian Atlantic cloud forest. AMF diversity was assessed by examining spores extracted from soil samples collected near the roots of the 18 most common plant species in permanent plots established in the field at altitudes of 1500, 1700, 1900, and 2100 meters above sea level. Fifteen AMF species were found, most of them belonging to the families Acaulosporaceae, Glomeraeceae, and Gigasporaceae. Compositions of the AMF community varied among the altitudes; Acaulospora was the predominant genus, with six species. The total Bradford-reactive soil protein (BRSP) and the easily extractable BRSP (EE-BRSP) soil glomalin were the highest at the altitude of 2100 m (5.7 and 3.8 mg.g soil-1, respectively). Altitude and environment and soil characteristics affected the composition and diversity (Shannon index) of the AMF communities. However, the effect of altitude on AMF diversity can be estimated, indirectly, through its effect on plant diversity. (AMF glomalinrelated related GRSP (GRSP fractions 100 forest 1 1500 1700 1900 210 level found Acaulosporaceae Glomeraeceae Gigasporaceae genus Bradfordreactive Bradford reactive (BRSP EEBRSP EE (EE-BRSP 5.7 57 5 7 (5. 38 3 8 3. mgg mg g soil1, soil1 1, soil-1 respectively. respectively . respectively) Shannon index communities However estimated indirectly 10 150 170 190 21 5. (5 soil- 15 17 19 2 (